Peptic ulcer disease is caused by a lesion in the stomach or duodenum lining due to stomach acid and pepsin. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, NSAIDs, and stress. Common symptoms are abdominal pain and bleeding. Diagnosis involves endoscopy, imaging, or breath tests. Treatment focuses on reducing acid with PPIs, H2 blockers, or antibiotics to treat H. pylori. Surgery is needed for complications like perforation or bleeding. Managing risk factors and taking acid-reducing medications can help treat and prevent further ulcers.
Ulcers range from small, painful sores in the mouth to bedsores and serious lesions of the stomach or interstine
Gastric ulcers :are peptic ulcers in the stomach.
Duodenal ulcers :are peptic ulcers in the duodenum
This presentation is to help readers to be equipped with knowledge on predisposing factor to peptic ulcer disease and how it can be managed in the clinical/hospital setup.
Ulcers range from small, painful sores in the mouth to bedsores and serious lesions of the stomach or interstine
Gastric ulcers :are peptic ulcers in the stomach.
Duodenal ulcers :are peptic ulcers in the duodenum
This presentation is to help readers to be equipped with knowledge on predisposing factor to peptic ulcer disease and how it can be managed in the clinical/hospital setup.
Gastro esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and its managementDr. Ankit Gaur
In this presentation I have tried to explain in brief about gastro esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), its etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and its management via pharmacotherapy.
Acid reflux occurs when the sphincter muscle at the lower end of your esophagus relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to back up into your esophagus.
Gastritis is a condition in which the stomach
lining—known as the mucosa—is inflamed. The stomach lining contains special
cells that produce acid and enzymes, which help break down food for digestion,
and mucus, which protects the stomach lining from acid. When the stomach lining
is inflamed, it produces less acid, enzymes, and mucus.
Gastritis may be acute or chronic. Sudden,
severe inflammation of the stomach lining is called acute gastritis. Inflammation
that lasts for a long time is called chronic gastritis. If chronic gastritis is
not treated, it may last for years or even a lifetime.
Erosive gastritis is a type of gastritis that
often does not cause significant inflammation but can wear away the stomach
lining. Erosive gastritis can cause bleeding, erosions, or ulcers. Erosive
gastritis may be acute or chronic.
The relationship between gastritis and
symptoms is not clear. The term gastritis refers specifically to abnormal
inflammation in the stomach lining. People who have gastritis may experience
pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, but many people with gastritis do not
have any symptoms.
The term gastritis is sometimes mistakenly
used to describe any symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen. Many
diseases and disorders can cause these symptoms. Most people who have upper
abdominal symptoms do not have gastritis.
Gastro esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and its managementDr. Ankit Gaur
In this presentation I have tried to explain in brief about gastro esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), its etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and its management via pharmacotherapy.
Acid reflux occurs when the sphincter muscle at the lower end of your esophagus relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to back up into your esophagus.
Gastritis is a condition in which the stomach
lining—known as the mucosa—is inflamed. The stomach lining contains special
cells that produce acid and enzymes, which help break down food for digestion,
and mucus, which protects the stomach lining from acid. When the stomach lining
is inflamed, it produces less acid, enzymes, and mucus.
Gastritis may be acute or chronic. Sudden,
severe inflammation of the stomach lining is called acute gastritis. Inflammation
that lasts for a long time is called chronic gastritis. If chronic gastritis is
not treated, it may last for years or even a lifetime.
Erosive gastritis is a type of gastritis that
often does not cause significant inflammation but can wear away the stomach
lining. Erosive gastritis can cause bleeding, erosions, or ulcers. Erosive
gastritis may be acute or chronic.
The relationship between gastritis and
symptoms is not clear. The term gastritis refers specifically to abnormal
inflammation in the stomach lining. People who have gastritis may experience
pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, but many people with gastritis do not
have any symptoms.
The term gastritis is sometimes mistakenly
used to describe any symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen. Many
diseases and disorders can cause these symptoms. Most people who have upper
abdominal symptoms do not have gastritis.
Evaluation and management of patients with Dyspepsia.pptxgarvitnanecha
Evaluation and management of patients with Dyspepsia.
Dyspeptic symptoms.
Causes of dyspepsia
Approach to adult with Dyspepsia.
Newer advancement about diagnosing dyspepsia causes.
GERD and peptic ulcer and many more organic diseases.
Functional Dyspepsia and organic dyspepsia
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
2. OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Etiology/ Risk factors
• Types of PUD
• Clinical Presentation
• Pathophysiology
• Investigation/ Diagnostic test
• Complications of PUD
• Management
3. INTRODUCTION
• Peptic Ulcer is a lesion in the lining
(mucosa) of the digestive tract, typically
in the stomach or duodenum, caused by the
digestive action of pepsin and stomach
acid.
4. •Lesion may subsequently occur into the lamina propria
and submucosa to cause bleeding.
•Most of peptic ulcer occur either in the duodenum, or in
the stomach – Ulcer may also occur in the lower
esophagus due to reflexing of gastric content – Rarely in
certain areas of the small intestine
5. Serious medical problem
Approx. 500,000 new cases each year
5M people affected in USA only
Mostly occur between 55 ot 65 years of age
Duodenal ulcer more common in men than women
Gastric ulcer more common in women than men
EPIDEMIOLOGY
6. Duodenal ulcers are four times more common
than gastric ulcers
Mortality rates from peptic ulcer are low
High prevalence
One of several upper GIT diseases that is caused
,partially, by gastric acid
Wide range of symptoms
7. ETIOLOGY
• Lifestyle
– Smoking
– Acidic drinks
– Medications
•
•
H. Pylori infection
– 90% have this bacterium
– Passed from person to
person (fecal-oral route
or oral-oral route)
Age
– Duodenal 30-40
– Gastric over 50
•
•
Gender
– Duodenal: are increasing
in older women
Genetic factors
Other factors: stress can
worsen but not the cause
8. RISK FACTORS
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Smoking or chewing
tobacco
Serious illness
Radiation treatment of
the area
H-pylori infection
NSAID’s
Psychological stress
Viral infections
12. • Abdominal pain
• Located in epigastric area
• Burning in quality
• Occur on an empty stomach 2-4 hours
after meal or at night (nocturnal pain)
• Relieved by antacids
SYMPTOMS
13. Perforations
Blotting and abdominal fullness
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite (because of pain)
Weight loss
Stomach obstruction
Heartburn
Hematemesis
Melena
Deep tenderness
15. •Under normal conditions, a physiologic balance
exists between gastric acid secretion and
gastroduodenal mucosal defense.
•Mucosal injury and, thus, peptic ulcer occur
when the balance between the aggressive factors
and the defensive mechanisms is disrupted.
16. Aggressive factors, such as NSAIDs, H pylori
infection, alcohol, bile salts, acid, and pepsin, can
alter the mucosal defense by allowing back
diffusion of hydrogen ions and subsequent
epithelial cell injury
25. In all patients with “Alarming symptoms” endoscopy
is required.
Dysphagia.
Weight loss.
Vomiting.
Anorexia.
Hematemesis or Melena
26. Complications of Peptic Ulcers
Hemorrhage
– Blood vessels damaged as ulcer erodes into the muscles of stomach or
duodenal wall
Perforation
– An ulcer can erode through the entire wall
– Bacteria and partially digested food spill into
peritoneum =peritonitis
Narrowing and obstruction (pyloric)
– Swelling and scarring can cause obstruction of food leaving
stomach=repeated vomiting
27. MANAGEMENT
• LIFE STYLE MODIFICATION
• HYPOSECRETORY DRUG THERAPY
• H. pylori ERADICATION THERAPY
• SURGERY
30. Prostaglandin Analogs
– Reduce gastric acid and enhances mucosal resistance to
injury
– Misoprostol
Mucosal barrier fortifiers
– Forms a protective coat
• Carafate/Sucralfate
– cytoprotective
Antacids
• Neutralizes acid and prevents formation of pepsin
[Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2] - (Maalox, Mylanta)
• Give 2 hours after meals and at bedtime
32. Indications:
Failure of medical treatment.
Development of complications
High level of gastric secretion and
combined duodenal and gastric ulcer.
Principle:
Reduce acid and pepsin
secretion.
33. Types of Surgical Procedures
GASTROENTEROSTOMY
Creates a passage between the body
of stomach to small intestines.
• Allows regurgitation of alkaline
duodenal contents into the
stomach.