This document discusses the history of how disabilities have been viewed throughout time in a generally negative manner. It provides examples of how various ancient societies mistreated or saw the disabled as inhuman. It then discusses more modern views and laws from the 1960s onward that have promoted greater rights and protections for the disabled. The document advocates for acceptance and accommodation of people with disabilities in society.

1. June 30th 2012
EDU 627
Lourdes Maria Pena

2. 1) Pathology that interrupts physical or
mental processes,
2) Impairment that limits a person’s ability to
function and that may result in,
3) Functional limitation relative to the ability
to perform or engage in life task and,
4) disability to perform socially expected
activities.
- Nagi (1969)

4. Medical approach Social model

5. Medical approach Social model
 lack of physical, sensory  It is not a medical
problem but an exclusion
or mental functioning. from every day life.
 Clinicians describe  The disabled do not need
disabled to have: treatment, but
acceptance.
 Low self esteem  The disabled want:
 Undeveloped life skills  Change in society
 Acceptance
 Poor education
 accessibility to public
 Poor relationships with places
families and society.  Different learning
styles, text phones, Braille
 More negative for the etc.
disabled.  More positive for the
disabled.

6. Words to avoid. Preferred.
 The disabled,  Disabled people, Deaf*
The handicapped, The deaf, people, People with a hearing
The hard of hearing. Deaf impairment, Deaf* without
and dumb, Deaf, mute, A speech, Person without
speech, person with a speech
mute, The blind, The impairment. Blind
visually impaired, Victim of people, People with visual
Suffering from, impairments.
Afflicted by, Wheelchair  (Person who has, Person with,
bound. Person who has experienced
Person who lives with)
 Confined to a wheelchair  Wheelchair user. Disabled
Invalid, Person with a person, Person with learning
disability Mentally difficulties (or learning
handicapped, Backward, disabilities) Person with
Retarded, Simple, Mongol, Downs Syndrome Person with
Spastic, Crazy, mad, cerebral palsy Mental health
issues, Mental and emotional
mentally ill Normal, distress, Mental health
Able-bodied ,Special needs. survivor Non-disabled Access
requirements.

7.  Race and ethnicity influence people’s attitudes about
life and personal identity for both disabled and non
disabled.
 The resilience of disabled persons is manifest in the
art, music, literature and other expressions of their
lives and their culture, drawn from the experience of
disability (Brown 1996).
 There are many ethnic backgrounds within the
Disabled people.
 The disabled all validate and celebrate their lives and
of the disabled people.
 Self affirming slogans are a symbol of their culture.
 The disabled promote independence and equality
(Riddell & Watson, 2003).

9. Disabilities throughout history have
always been viewed in a negative
manner. Whether it was killing the
disabled, accusing them of having evil
entities in them, curses or just a sinner
people of all ages with disabilities were
treated inhumanely.
Greek Police attempting to stop the
Disabled people from assembling in
public places. (Dec 3, 2010)

10.  Disabilities throughout history have always been
seen in a negative manner:
 Neolithic tribes- believed disabilities were
caused by evil spirits, they performed skull
surgeries to release the supernatural entities.
 Greeks- believed the disabled were inhuman
 Romans- abandoned disabled babies to die.
 Persians- wanted a perfect world without the
disabled.
 The Disabled were banned from even practicing
their faith in Temples in Ancient Hebrew times.
 Blindness was seen as a punishment for sin.
 1924 under BUCK vs. Bell the supreme court
passed forced sterilization of Disabled people.

11.  In1912 a French noble prize winner in
medicine created the “Humane Disposal” or
euthanasia of Disabled people.
 The Holocaust is well known for the
extermination of the Jews but little for the
“perfection plan” of Hitler's large
extermination of the disabled.
 Between 75,000 -200,000 Disabled Germans
were killed.

12. o The Elizabethan poor Law defined the Disabled as
“worthy poor” in contrast to the lazy, unmotivated
“unworthy poor. ”
oDisabled war veterans were seen as Hero’s and accepted
by society because their disability was brought forth by a
good deed being society service.
o1960s CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT gave rise to many rights
based on race, sex, religion sexual orientation, and
national origin, but it wasn’t until much later the Disabled
with helped.
o1973 Rehabilitation Act prohibited the discrimination of
the disabled in federal agencies and organizations and
those places with federal contracts.
o1990 THE ADA- Americans Disabilities Act. Arouse from 3
major Civil Rights Movement Laws passed to finally protect
the Disabled people of hate crimes and discriminatory
remarks anywhere.

13.  54 million people have a disability. They represent 19
percent of the civilian non-institutionalized population
 By age :
 5 percent of children 5 to 17 have disabilities.
 10 percent of people 18 to 64 have disabilities.
 38 percent of adults 65 and older have disabilities.
 Persons with disabilities are more likely to be victims of
violence or rape, according to a 2004 British study, and
less likely to obtain police intervention, legal protection or
preventive care.
 59%of people 21 to 64 with difficulty hearing were
employed. The corresponding percentage for those with
difficulty seeing was 41 percent.
 6% of disabled workers 16 and older who used public
transportation to commute to work. In addition, 69
percent of people with a disability drove alone, 13 percent
carpooled, 4 percent walked and 3 percent used a taxicab,
motorcycle, bicycle or other means.

14.  On average, 19 % of less educated people have disabilities.
 19 %of children with disabilities in developing countries do
not attend school, says UNESCO
 Students with disabilities have a higher risk of depression
than the nondisabled.
 Research indicates that violence against student children
with disabilities occurs at annual rates at least 1.7 times
greater than for their peers without disabilities.
 A 2004 United States survey found that only 35 per cent of
working-age persons with disabilities are in fact working,
compared to 78 per cent of those without disabilities.
 One third of the employers surveyed said that persons with
disabilities cannot effectively perform the required job
tasks. The second most common reason given for not hiring persons
with disabilities was the fear of costly special facilities.

15.  More than 50 million—which is about 1 in 5—Americans report having
some level of disability.
 The U.S. Census 2000 counted 49.7 million people with some type of
long-lasting condition or disability
 impairment or condition does not define individuals, their health, or
their talents and abilities.
 DISABLED PEOPLE:
 Experience difficulties or delays in getting the health care they need.
 have not had an annual dental visit.
 have not had a mammogram in past 2 years.
 have not had a Pap test within the past 3 years.
 have not engage in fitness activities.
 are more likely to Use tobacco.
 Are more likely to be overweight or obese.
 are more likely to Have high blood pressure.
 Experience symptoms of psychological distress.
 Receive less social-emotional support.
 Have lower employment rates.

16.  http://www.va.gov/  Older Disabled
opa/feature/vanews veterans struggle
/vanews.asx with respect. These
 The link provided are people that
above shows how have served our
veterans age 55 or country.
older come together  Door to door
Disabled or not and transportation with
partake in accessible ramps
communal are being put to use
exercise, games, wo more now.
rk and conference’s  (watch video)
to help get them
active.

17.  Teachers lack the  Immobility- education
correct training for providers are not
specific Disabled physically accessible.
students They cost the school
 Young students and enormous amounts and
adults require much the funds are not
needed medical available.
attention throughout  Bullying- Many Disabled
the day that school people have
have yet to have a staff inappropriate
for these necessities. behaviors, which can be
 Schools lack appropriate allowed for in class but
equipment necessary which may create
for students with difficulties or
hearing and vision aids embarrassment for the
student in public.
 Some students have a
disability ignored by  STARING- by non-
parent and struggle Disabled people causes
academically until low self esteem and
school personal insecurities.
addresses situation.

18.  First I believe it is important for the school and
teachers to be aware of their students current health
and of any Disabilities.
 This can affect the health and well-being of people
with disabilities of any ages.
 How to Improve the conditions of daily life in the
class rooms:
 Encouraging communities to be accessible so all can live
in, move through, and interact with their environment.
 Encouraging community living. And nonjudgmental
stares.
 Removing barriers in the environment.
 Teachers should reinforce policy and make sure others
are respectful. Also promote equality and an
environment that is tolerant and understanding of
differences and disabilities. Through this reinforcement
the Main focus should be always be education.

19.  Class age- college  Construct the survey-
students. pass it out to each
 In small groups – other in the class
conduct possible room, then to peers
survey questions on campus.
about Disabled  Purpose- the purpose
peopled. of the survey is raise
>These questions should awareness of what
vary and not only people may “think”
pertain to the stereo they know. Realize
typical physical what is false, what
disabilities but the stereotypes are
everything across the and to educate!
spectrum.

20.  the small groups should come together in class
and cross analyze their results and those of their
peers on campus.
 The next task should be to prepare a day of
awareness on campus. Searching for guest
speakers to talk about how they have lived with
their disability, and find resources for those who
are living with a disability and are not treating
themselves because of fear of exclusion by
society.
 This day of awareness could be combined with
our campus Rally Around Diversity Day. So it is
reinforcing diversity, respect and acceptance for
all people, not only pertaining to Race or
Ethnicity but also people with Disabilities.

21.  Veterans Crisis Line- 1-800-273-8255
www.veteranscrisisline.net
 center for universal design
 Removing Barriers to Health Clubs and Fitness
Facilities
 conferences for the blind
 MCDHH
 local Massachusetts Social Security
Administration (SSA) field office.
 Disability Rights
 Healthy People for the Disabled and Non-
Disabled

22.  medical model picture
 social model picture
 disabilityinfo.org
 Mass Rehab Commission MRC
 http://www.socialsecurity-
disability.org/social-security-disability-
resources/worcester - helps disabled around
Worcester, Ma.

23.  Brown,S.E. (1996). Deviants, invalids, and
anthropologist: Cross-Cultural perspectives on
conditions of disabilities in one academic discipline.
Disability and Rehabilitation, 18(5), 273-275
 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC), National Center for Health Statistics. DATA
2010 [Internet database]. Hyattsville, MD: CDC; 2010
[cited 2010 Sep 30]. Available
from: http://wonder.cdc.gov/data2010/focus.htm
 Disability Rights Commission: Disability
Discrimination Act - Best Practice Trainers Resource
Pack 2002.
 http://ddsg.org.uk/taxi/medical-model.html
 http://ddsg.org.uk/taxi/social-model.html
 Lum, D. ( 2011). Culturally competent practice. (4th
ed.). Belmont, California: Cengage. DOI:
www.cengage.com
 Nagi,S.Z. (1969). Disability and Rehabilitation.
Columbus,OH: Ohio state University Press.

24.  Riddell,S.,& Watson,N.(Eds.). (2003).
Disability, culture and identity.Londo: pearson
 Ridley,C.R., Baker,D.M.,& Hill,C.L.(2001).Critical
issues concerning culture compentence. The
Counciling psychologist, 29(6), 8822-832
 US Department of Health and Human Services.
Healthy people 2010 (conference ed, in 2 vols).
Washington, DC: US Department of Health and
Human Services; 2000. Available at
http://www.healthypeople.gov.
 World Health Organization (WHO), Commission
on Determinants of Health. Closing the gap in a
generation: Health equity through action on the
determinants of health. Final report.
Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2008