This document summarizes proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. It discusses how water electrolysis produces hydrogen and oxygen gas through an electric energy input that splits water molecules. A proton exchange membrane electrolyzer uses bipolar plates, gas diffusion layers, a membrane electrode assembly, and electrocatalysts. The membrane allows for hydronium ion transport without electron conduction. Electrolysis provides a method for renewable energy storage and production of hydrogen as an energy carrier or for green methanol synthesis.
PEMFC (proton exchange membrane)
DMFC (direct methanol)
SOCF (solid oxide)
AFC (alkaline)
PAFC (phosphoric acid)
MCFC (Molten Carbonate)
PEM Fuel Cell
A fuel cell is a battery that produces DC current and voltage
Most fuel cells use hydrogen which burns cleaner compared to hydrocarbon fuels
A fuel cell will keep producing electricity as long as fuel is supplied
The energy efficiency of fuel cells is high when compared to many other energy systems
There is great interest in fuel cells for automotive and electronic applications
There will be employment for technicians particularly in Ohio’s fuel cell industry.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are promising contender as the next generation energy source because of their striking features including high energy density, low operating temperature, easy scale up and zero environmental pollution.
PEMFC (proton exchange membrane)
DMFC (direct methanol)
SOCF (solid oxide)
AFC (alkaline)
PAFC (phosphoric acid)
MCFC (Molten Carbonate)
PEM Fuel Cell
A fuel cell is a battery that produces DC current and voltage
Most fuel cells use hydrogen which burns cleaner compared to hydrocarbon fuels
A fuel cell will keep producing electricity as long as fuel is supplied
The energy efficiency of fuel cells is high when compared to many other energy systems
There is great interest in fuel cells for automotive and electronic applications
There will be employment for technicians particularly in Ohio’s fuel cell industry.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are promising contender as the next generation energy source because of their striking features including high energy density, low operating temperature, easy scale up and zero environmental pollution.
Green hydrogen Basics - Overview_Jan 2022Gurudatt Rao
This brief presentation gives an overview of different aspects of 'Green Hydrogen' along with challenges linked to its adoption considering Climate Change and Energy Diversification.
Nepal is currently reeling under acute fuel crisis due to undeclared economic blockade by India. Transportation and cooking are two main areas that have been severely affected due to the fuel shortages. Alternative sources of cooking fuels have become a crucial topic of research and investigation on an international scale and Nepal may require such unconventional solutions to cope with the crisis that does not seem to be winding down anytime soon. The utilization of Hydrogen as an energy carrier with regards to domestic cooking has been explored and studied by countless experts over the years and is still a relatively novel concept that requires further exploration.
a brief intro to the technology and working of hydrogen fuel cells.It also discusses the types of fuel cells available in the market and the economy of hydrogen fuel cells.It concludes by giving suitable examples of fuel cell vehicles and a short video animation to properly understand the topic
Today it's easy to start using your existing wind / solar power to become a producer of clean green hydrogen - so you can produce, distribute and sell the hydrogen at the highest bidder - and thus creating a second revenue stream from your renewable power generation - extremely interesting when the guaranteed feed-in tarif comes to an end!
Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels Course Material.
National Centre for Catalysis Research (NCCR, IIT Madras), considered for the first on-line course the topic of Carbon dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels. NCCR has learnt many such lessons which are necessary for the researchers to understand and also have a complete comprehension of the limitations.
Green hydrogen Basics - Overview_Jan 2022Gurudatt Rao
This brief presentation gives an overview of different aspects of 'Green Hydrogen' along with challenges linked to its adoption considering Climate Change and Energy Diversification.
Nepal is currently reeling under acute fuel crisis due to undeclared economic blockade by India. Transportation and cooking are two main areas that have been severely affected due to the fuel shortages. Alternative sources of cooking fuels have become a crucial topic of research and investigation on an international scale and Nepal may require such unconventional solutions to cope with the crisis that does not seem to be winding down anytime soon. The utilization of Hydrogen as an energy carrier with regards to domestic cooking has been explored and studied by countless experts over the years and is still a relatively novel concept that requires further exploration.
a brief intro to the technology and working of hydrogen fuel cells.It also discusses the types of fuel cells available in the market and the economy of hydrogen fuel cells.It concludes by giving suitable examples of fuel cell vehicles and a short video animation to properly understand the topic
Today it's easy to start using your existing wind / solar power to become a producer of clean green hydrogen - so you can produce, distribute and sell the hydrogen at the highest bidder - and thus creating a second revenue stream from your renewable power generation - extremely interesting when the guaranteed feed-in tarif comes to an end!
Carbon Dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels Course Material.
National Centre for Catalysis Research (NCCR, IIT Madras), considered for the first on-line course the topic of Carbon dioxide to Chemicals and Fuels. NCCR has learnt many such lessons which are necessary for the researchers to understand and also have a complete comprehension of the limitations.
This study offers an overview of the technologies for hydrogen production especially alkaline water electrolysis using solar energy. Solar Energy and Hydrogen (energy carrier) are possible replacement options for fossil fuel and its associated problems of availability and high prices which are devastating small, developing, oil-importing economies. But a major drawback to the full implementation of solar energy, in particular photovoltaic (PV), is the lowering of conversion efficiency of PV cells due to elevated cell temperatures while in operation. Also, hydrogen as an energy carrier must be produced in gaseous or liquid form before it can be used as fuel; but its‟ present major conversion process produces an abundance of carbon dioxide which is harming the environment through global warming. Alkaline water electrolysis is considered to be a basic technique for hydrogen production. In the present study, the effects of electrolyte concentration, solar insolation and space between the pair of electrodes on the amount of hydrogen produced and consequently on the overall electrolysis efficiency are experimentally investigated. The water electrolysis of potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was conducted under atmospheric pressure using stainless steel 316 as electrodes.
The experimental results showed that the performance of alkaline water electrolysis unit is dominated by operational parameters like the electrolyte concentration and the gap between the electrodes. Smaller gaps between the pair of electrodes and was demonstrated to produce higher rates of hydrogen at higher system efficiency
This study shows some attempts to product pure Hydrogen and pure Oxygen as both Hydrogen and Oxygen have there commercial demands.
This is a summary of the topic "Energy changes" in the GCE O levels subject: Chemistry. Students taking either the combined science (chemistry/physics) or pure chemistry will find this useful. These slides are prepared according to the learning outcomes required by the examinations board.
Techno-Economic Study of Generating/Compressing Hydrogen Electrochemically, A...Keith D. Patch
The impending hydrogen economy will utilize hydrogen from a number of sources; most notably reformers and water electrolyzers. In the later case, the primary energy source can be conventional (fossil fuels, hydroelectric, nuclear) or renewable (solar, wind, biomass).
However, regardless of the source of the primary energy or the method of hydrogen production, there is a common requirement that the hydrogen be sufficiently compressed to achieve adequate energy density storage and to allow the rapid transfer of gas from central to local or mobile storage systems. In the case of water electrolyzers, the hydrogen can be directly produced at elevated pressures. Independent of the source of the hydrogen, pressurization can also be accomplished subsequent to its production by the use of mechanical or electrochemical compressors.
While current electrolyzer developments have targeted hydrogen production at pressures of 340 bar and higher, careful attention must be paid to trade-offs between the electrolyzer system capital costs, operating costs, and system reliability. The technical and economic impact of varying scenarios has a profound effect on the overall economics of the hydrogen production and, ultimately, on the economics of the hydrogen economy.
A.B. LaConti, T. Norman, K.D. Patch. W. Schmitt, & L.J. Gestaut Giner, Inc.
A. Rodrigues, General Motors, Fuel Cell Activities (GM)
Proceedings of the International Hydrogen Energy Forum (Volume 2) 2004, Beijing, China
a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent - from MSE-HUST k54
2. Water Electrolysis
● Production of homonuclear diatomic
molecules: hydrogen and oxygen gas.
● Requires H2
O and electric energy inputs.
● Recent interest in production of hydrogen as
an energy carrier.
4. Thermodynamics
The enthalpy of the overall reaction (ΔH) is a
combination of the water dissociation reaction
change of Gibbs free energy (ΔGd
) and the
resulting entropy (TΔS).
5. Overall Cell Reaction
The overall cell equation with the addition of the
thermodynamic energy input is:
6. Thermodynamic Values of Water
Enthalpy ΔH = 285.8 kJ/mol
Entropy TΔS = 48.6 kJ/mol
Gibbs Free Energy ΔG = 237.2 kJ/mol
7. Required Cell Voltage
The minimum required cell voltage can be
calculated considering all possible heat energy
is provided. Though operational cell voltages
need to accommodate for overpotentials.
10. Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL)
Function:
Mass Transport of Reactants
Conductive Link between Electrode and
Bipolar plates.
Balances liquid and gaseous H2
O
11. Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA)
Consists of two electrode layers on either side
of a proton conductive membrane.
Location of electrochemical reactions.
Electrocatalyst facilitate electrochemical
reactions.
13. Proton Conductive Membrane
Allow movement of hydronium ion without
conducting electrons.
Nafion Membranes 115, 117, 212
Hydrophilic sulfonated groups
Hydrophobic teflon backbone
