This paper attempts to ascertain the relationship between peer attachment and intention of
aggressive behavior amongst school children. There are literatures related to peer attachment quality and its
effects on adjustment and development.However, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship
between peer attachments and intention of aggressive behavior. Positive peer attachment, respectively, have
been viewed as protective factors, that prevent peers from engaging in intention of aggressive behaviors, like
violence, risky sexual behavior, and bullying.. While the negative aspect of peer insecure attachment from the
school which is associated with more problematic functioning including higher rates of emotional problems,
substance use, aggression and delinquency. In this study, respondentswere 426 school children (males 199 and
females 227) between 13-17 years old. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation
and t-test for student’sage groups.Peer attachment was measured using inventory of parents and peer
attachment (IPPA) with respect to peer attachment and adolescent intention of aggressive behaviour. Findings
have revealed that over all respondents show that there is a significant positive relationship between peer
influences on intention of aggressive behaviour.And there is no significant difference in age group of the
respondents and intention of aggressive behaviour. Peer influence on intention of aggressive behaviour is high
which is peer to peer aggressive act within the school environment which the harm that is always intention to
cause injuries, and destroy.Thus, expressive support and attention should be extended not just to the victims of
intention of aggressive behaviour cases, but also to intimidators. Recommendation of the study centers on the
need to examine the reports from school counselors and peers that engage in intention of aggressive behaviour.
Aggressive Behavior in secondary schoolsTadele Fayso
Abstract The objective of this study was to explore types, magnitude, and predictors of aggression as well as methods that teachers use to control aggressions in secondary schools of Meskan woreda of the Gurage zone. Concurrent nested design was used for the study. A total of 352 secondary school students, 18 secondary school teachers and 2 principals participated in the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select student participants whereas purposive sampling technique was used to select teachers and principals. Questionnaire that contained items on socio-demographic variables, scales for aggression and parenting styles were used by the researcher to collect information from the students. Qualitative data were collected from teachers and principals through FGD. Descriptive statistics, one sample t- test, and step wise linear regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data. The findings disclosed that the three forms of aggression namely indirect, verbal and physical were prevalent among adolescents in secondary school of Meskan woreda. Regarding the magnitude of aggression, the findings indicate that adolescent in secondary school of Meskan woreda scored relatively high on the measure of indirect aggression. However, as the data show the students reported low level of indirect, verbal and physical aggression as compared to the hypothesized population mean (i.e. 2.0) in each form of aggression. The linear regression analysis reveals that school setting, age, grade level and scores on the measure of perceived parental warmth/love found to be significant predicators of aggression. Together, the four independent variables have explained 12.8% of the variance in aggression. This indicates that only a small but significant part of the variance in aggression was explained by the predictor variables. Regarding the methods teachers used to control aggression advising the wrong doer, handing over the wrong doer to discipline committee, consulting with parents, expelling from class and suspending/dismissing from the school were the most common methods reported by the teachers. Recommendations were also forwarded in the light of the findings. Keywords: Aggressive behavior; Parenting style; Secondary Schools
Paper presented at MWERA 2014.
Tindall, H. & Stuckey-Mickell, T.A. (2014). Transition to Middle School, School Culture, and Discipline History: An Exploratory Study.
Teacher Attachment and Intention of Aggressive Behaviour among School Childreniosrjce
The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between teacher attachment and
intention of aggressive behaviour among school children. This study involved 426school children using selfadministered
questionnaire from six government daily secondary schools. The school children were selected
using simple random sampling method. Respondents were males (199) and females (227) between 13-17 years
old. Teacher attachment was measured using inventory of parentsattachment (IPPA) with respect to teacher
attachment and intention of aggressive behaviour. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that there is a
significant with negative weak relationship between teacher attachment and school children intention of
aggressive behavior(r = -0.126, p < 0.05).Also the result of t-test analysis showed that there is no significant
difference between male and female school children in term of intention of aggressive behaviour (t=1.050;
p=0.294).Moreover, the relationship indicates that lack of teachers monitoring and cooperation influence
student to engage in intention of aggressive behaviour. It is recommended that policy makers and school
counselors should give more emphasis on the improvement of good and suitable environment in the school to
improvechildren satisfaction in the school environment and thus help improve their ability not to engage in
aggressive behaviour
Aggressive Behavior in secondary schoolsTadele Fayso
Abstract The objective of this study was to explore types, magnitude, and predictors of aggression as well as methods that teachers use to control aggressions in secondary schools of Meskan woreda of the Gurage zone. Concurrent nested design was used for the study. A total of 352 secondary school students, 18 secondary school teachers and 2 principals participated in the study. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select student participants whereas purposive sampling technique was used to select teachers and principals. Questionnaire that contained items on socio-demographic variables, scales for aggression and parenting styles were used by the researcher to collect information from the students. Qualitative data were collected from teachers and principals through FGD. Descriptive statistics, one sample t- test, and step wise linear regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data. The findings disclosed that the three forms of aggression namely indirect, verbal and physical were prevalent among adolescents in secondary school of Meskan woreda. Regarding the magnitude of aggression, the findings indicate that adolescent in secondary school of Meskan woreda scored relatively high on the measure of indirect aggression. However, as the data show the students reported low level of indirect, verbal and physical aggression as compared to the hypothesized population mean (i.e. 2.0) in each form of aggression. The linear regression analysis reveals that school setting, age, grade level and scores on the measure of perceived parental warmth/love found to be significant predicators of aggression. Together, the four independent variables have explained 12.8% of the variance in aggression. This indicates that only a small but significant part of the variance in aggression was explained by the predictor variables. Regarding the methods teachers used to control aggression advising the wrong doer, handing over the wrong doer to discipline committee, consulting with parents, expelling from class and suspending/dismissing from the school were the most common methods reported by the teachers. Recommendations were also forwarded in the light of the findings. Keywords: Aggressive behavior; Parenting style; Secondary Schools
Paper presented at MWERA 2014.
Tindall, H. & Stuckey-Mickell, T.A. (2014). Transition to Middle School, School Culture, and Discipline History: An Exploratory Study.
Teacher Attachment and Intention of Aggressive Behaviour among School Childreniosrjce
The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between teacher attachment and
intention of aggressive behaviour among school children. This study involved 426school children using selfadministered
questionnaire from six government daily secondary schools. The school children were selected
using simple random sampling method. Respondents were males (199) and females (227) between 13-17 years
old. Teacher attachment was measured using inventory of parentsattachment (IPPA) with respect to teacher
attachment and intention of aggressive behaviour. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that there is a
significant with negative weak relationship between teacher attachment and school children intention of
aggressive behavior(r = -0.126, p < 0.05).Also the result of t-test analysis showed that there is no significant
difference between male and female school children in term of intention of aggressive behaviour (t=1.050;
p=0.294).Moreover, the relationship indicates that lack of teachers monitoring and cooperation influence
student to engage in intention of aggressive behaviour. It is recommended that policy makers and school
counselors should give more emphasis on the improvement of good and suitable environment in the school to
improvechildren satisfaction in the school environment and thus help improve their ability not to engage in
aggressive behaviour
Dynamics of Deviant Behaviour on the Academic Participation of Early Adolesce...ijtsrd
Once students enter the school setting, their behaviors, interpersonal relations, and emotional adjustments contribute to their successful academic development. Positive school behaviors and interpersonal relations represent good adjustments in the school setting, whereas negative school behaviors and interpersonal relations represent poor school adjustments. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of deviant behaviour on the academic achievement of early adolescents in the Limbe I Sub Division. This study used the descriptive survey as a design for the research study. The main instruments used were the questionnaire an interview and observation. Purposive sampling was adopted. Three secondary schools were selected. A pilot study was used on one school to improve on the clarity and relevance of the instruments. The study revealed that deviant behaviour has a very detrimental effect on academic achievement of students. Most teachers use corporal punishment as a means of managing deviant behaviour in schools. The teachers used exclusion as the last resort to pupils who have deviant behaviour. The Results also indicated that individual inattentive behaviors and classroom-level of externalizing behaviors negatively and significantly predicted academic performance three years later. Overall, results here confirmed the previous literature supporting the negative effects of inattentive behaviors and classroom-level externalizing behaviors on the students academic grades and achievement test scores. Therefore, indicators of deviant behavior (aggression, withdrawal and bullying) had an influence on the academic achievement of students with deviant behaviours. Recommendations were made to teachers, parents and other stakeholders to help curb deviant beaviours not just in schools but at home and in the community. Patrick Fonyuy Shey | Tani Emmanuel Lukong"Dynamics of Deviant Behaviour on the Academic Participation of Early Adolescents, Limbe Sub-Division, South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9417.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/9417/dynamics-of-deviant-behaviour-on-the-academic-participation-of-early-adolescents-limbe-sub-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon/patrick-fonyuy-shey
Adolescence Offence and Social Responsibilities: Perspective Upper Class Boys...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Adolescence offence among upper-class boys remains shrouded in mystery. So scanty is our
knowledge of this group that a public image of the upper-class adolescent is non-existent, and neither the barest
trace nor suspicion is available of him as delinquent. Although the hard knot of delinquency (behavior that is apt
to try any public tolerance) is located in the bottom levels of the working class, limited studies (using selfreported techniques) have revealed delinquency throughout the class structure. But nothing is known about the
delinquency of boys who attend expensive private schools. The purpose of this paper is to study Bangladeshi
upper class adolescents’ involvement in different violent and criminal activities and their growing tendency to
commit acts of violence in high schools and the reasons behind them. This study therefore aims to provide such
data by attempting to understand the different influential factors that are closely related with the involvement of
adolescence offence in Bangladesh. This study is based on primary data of 200 upper class adolescents who are
involved in different criminal activities of Dhaka city, 40 parents, 30 secondary school teachers, 20 social
workers and on review of secondary literatures. After collecting the data they are transcribed, tabulated and
analyzed in terms of the research objectives. This study shows that parents’ detachment, low internet cost, social
media, reluctantness of law and enforcement agencies and friends’ influence play the most important role on
upper class adolescence offence. This study also recommends some ways to mitigate this problem.
KEY WORDS: adolescence, violence, social responsibility, mental health etc.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
College Students' Attitude towards Premarital Sex: Implication for Guidance a...AJSERJournal
In many African countries, discussing sexuality still remains a taboo, despite the increasing number of
sexual activities among college students. The study sought to find out college students attitude towards premarital sex
and the implication of guidance and counselling. It was guided by the social learning theory. Using a descriptive survey
design data was collected through personally delivered questionnaire to 452 students who were randomly selected
from middle level colleges in Nakuru County. The questionnaire was validated through piloting in one college outside
Nakuru. Reliability coefficient for questionnaire was estimated through test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha stood
at R=84. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data. Study findings indicate that 258 or 57% of the
respondents were liberal about premarital sex and viewed it as a normal act that should not attract criticism. A total of
194 or 43% were conservative and believed that it is against the norms of society and the teachings of the church.
Factors associated with premarital sex, include love, peer pressure, drug abuse and economic factors. Counselling was
seen as the best strategic to handle sex issues, but was not effective due to stigma associated with premarital sex. The
study recommended the college administrators step up strategies to supervise both the social and academic life of the
students. By providing them with information, to make informed consent on sexual matters.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Dynamics of Deviant Behaviour on the Academic Participation of Early Adolesce...ijtsrd
Once students enter the school setting, their behaviors, interpersonal relations, and emotional adjustments contribute to their successful academic development. Positive school behaviors and interpersonal relations represent good adjustments in the school setting, whereas negative school behaviors and interpersonal relations represent poor school adjustments. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of deviant behaviour on the academic achievement of early adolescents in the Limbe I Sub Division. This study used the descriptive survey as a design for the research study. The main instruments used were the questionnaire an interview and observation. Purposive sampling was adopted. Three secondary schools were selected. A pilot study was used on one school to improve on the clarity and relevance of the instruments. The study revealed that deviant behaviour has a very detrimental effect on academic achievement of students. Most teachers use corporal punishment as a means of managing deviant behaviour in schools. The teachers used exclusion as the last resort to pupils who have deviant behaviour. The Results also indicated that individual inattentive behaviors and classroom-level of externalizing behaviors negatively and significantly predicted academic performance three years later. Overall, results here confirmed the previous literature supporting the negative effects of inattentive behaviors and classroom-level externalizing behaviors on the students academic grades and achievement test scores. Therefore, indicators of deviant behavior (aggression, withdrawal and bullying) had an influence on the academic achievement of students with deviant behaviours. Recommendations were made to teachers, parents and other stakeholders to help curb deviant beaviours not just in schools but at home and in the community. Patrick Fonyuy Shey | Tani Emmanuel Lukong"Dynamics of Deviant Behaviour on the Academic Participation of Early Adolescents, Limbe Sub-Division, South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9417.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/9417/dynamics-of-deviant-behaviour-on-the-academic-participation-of-early-adolescents-limbe-sub-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon/patrick-fonyuy-shey
Adolescence Offence and Social Responsibilities: Perspective Upper Class Boys...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Adolescence offence among upper-class boys remains shrouded in mystery. So scanty is our
knowledge of this group that a public image of the upper-class adolescent is non-existent, and neither the barest
trace nor suspicion is available of him as delinquent. Although the hard knot of delinquency (behavior that is apt
to try any public tolerance) is located in the bottom levels of the working class, limited studies (using selfreported techniques) have revealed delinquency throughout the class structure. But nothing is known about the
delinquency of boys who attend expensive private schools. The purpose of this paper is to study Bangladeshi
upper class adolescents’ involvement in different violent and criminal activities and their growing tendency to
commit acts of violence in high schools and the reasons behind them. This study therefore aims to provide such
data by attempting to understand the different influential factors that are closely related with the involvement of
adolescence offence in Bangladesh. This study is based on primary data of 200 upper class adolescents who are
involved in different criminal activities of Dhaka city, 40 parents, 30 secondary school teachers, 20 social
workers and on review of secondary literatures. After collecting the data they are transcribed, tabulated and
analyzed in terms of the research objectives. This study shows that parents’ detachment, low internet cost, social
media, reluctantness of law and enforcement agencies and friends’ influence play the most important role on
upper class adolescence offence. This study also recommends some ways to mitigate this problem.
KEY WORDS: adolescence, violence, social responsibility, mental health etc.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
College Students' Attitude towards Premarital Sex: Implication for Guidance a...AJSERJournal
In many African countries, discussing sexuality still remains a taboo, despite the increasing number of
sexual activities among college students. The study sought to find out college students attitude towards premarital sex
and the implication of guidance and counselling. It was guided by the social learning theory. Using a descriptive survey
design data was collected through personally delivered questionnaire to 452 students who were randomly selected
from middle level colleges in Nakuru County. The questionnaire was validated through piloting in one college outside
Nakuru. Reliability coefficient for questionnaire was estimated through test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha stood
at R=84. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data. Study findings indicate that 258 or 57% of the
respondents were liberal about premarital sex and viewed it as a normal act that should not attract criticism. A total of
194 or 43% were conservative and believed that it is against the norms of society and the teachings of the church.
Factors associated with premarital sex, include love, peer pressure, drug abuse and economic factors. Counselling was
seen as the best strategic to handle sex issues, but was not effective due to stigma associated with premarital sex. The
study recommended the college administrators step up strategies to supervise both the social and academic life of the
students. By providing them with information, to make informed consent on sexual matters.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Professional Growth and Employee Engagement (Part 1)Stephen Shinnan
Professional growth, career growth, and feeling one makes a contribution are consistently the most important drivers of employee engagement in most organizations. Get these right, and you have a much better chance of having a high level of engagement. However, the quintessential challenge faced by most organizations in today’s day and age is that the traditional approaches to career have changed, and there just aren’t enough positions to satisfy all of that talent that need a promotion to stay engaged.
Join Norm Baillie-David as he discusses the role of professional growth in employee engagement, and shares how the most successful organizations are meeting this challenge head on. The results may surprise you!
The Key Challenge in Behavioural ResearchQualtrics
In this webinar, Dr. Esther Tippmann will explain the Common Methods Bias - a well-documented phenomenon observed in research based on self-reported measures.
We often use surveys in which respondents are asked about their perceptions, feelings, attitudes or beliefs. Under certain circumstances such self-reported data can suffer from severe quality issues. It is the aim of this webinar to introduce some of these and discuss effective survey design remedies.
After The Employee Engagement Survey: Now What? Best Practices in Communicati...Stephen Shinnan
The results are in. The presentation to the leadership team went well, and all eyes turn to you as the CEO utters those famous words: So, what are the next steps? You’ve been anticipating that, and have loads of questions:
How should we cascade the results to managers and staff? Is there are a right way and a wrong way? What are the best practices?
How do we go about action planning?
What should we focus on?
How do I deal with groups that don’t want to follow the organizational approach, i.e. they want to do their own thing?
How do I satisfy the people who don’t accept the organization’s results and think their group is different?
Join Norm Baillie-David, SVP Consulting, as he draws from numerous case studies and success stories to provide best practices in how to proceed after the survey to ensure that your survey investment is maximized and that you do the right things right to improve employee engagement in your organization.
This tyoe of document is a ppt report we present before, and this is also part of our lesson and i hope you can learn form it's okay to you anymore and I'm sure you can go to the store and get the rest day guro ako kato lang sa sunod lang thrn you want to go to your house and you can you talk now your here and there will be no one else has a lot of the day i married to you anymore I mean you can get well soon ing oeo sir I will be here for 3
Running Head ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPH.docxtoddr4
Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 12
Annotated Bibliography
Liberty University
EDUC600 Human Development Across the Lifespan
Cassandra Howery
April 14, 2019
Annotated Bibliography
Camodeca, M., Caravita, S. C., & Coppola, G. (2015). Bullying in preschool: The associations between participant roles, social competence, and social preference. Aggressive behavior, 41(4), 310-321.
The source outlines and discusses different participant and their role in bullying. Its focus is on preschool children. The participant such as victims, bully, and defender of the victim and follower roles are discussed in the article to identify their association with social competence and development among children. The source is in line with the subject matter as it also explores whether the social status among children affects their relationship with others and the connection between social development and bullying.
The sources investigate bullying roles using the response of around three hundred and twenty children aged between three to six years. Other sources of information on bullying and social development were peer reports based on observation in classrooms and playground and teachers reports given on bullying. The results showed clear differences among the roles on the effect of bullying and social competence and development. The source is recommended for the study of the above subject matters as it clearly shows how different roles of participants are affected by social interaction and relationship with other children.
I give preference for this source since it involves the investigation of different roles played by different participant involved in bullying crimes. It help understands the different effect expected on the social development of varying participant in bullying. It gives varying results such as how the victim in bullying will behave differently towards social development compared to a defender of the victims. Another reason why give preference to the source is that it assesses bullying linked at a very young age of children with expectation further change of roles as they grow up.
Garandeau, C. F., Vartio, A., Poskiparta, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2016). School bullies’ intention to change behavior following teacher interventions: Effects of empathy arousal, condemning of bullying, and blaming of the perpetrator. Prevention science, 17(8), 1034-1043.
The sources examine the effect of bullying in school among children and how participants involved can change their behavior through teacher intervention. The articles also look at the impact of teacher intervention in understanding arousal, blaming and reproving of bullying affects social behavior and change of the characteristic of children towards bullying. Their intention and interest in teachers are to reduce bullying in the school as he/ she changes the children behavior. These change of behavior among children involved in bullying lead to the.
Running head ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY1ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPH.docxtoddr4
Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
1
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
3
Annotated Bibliography
Student’s Name
Institution
Date
Campbell, W., Twenge, J., & Carter, N. (2017). Support for marijuana (cannabis) legalization:
untangling age, period, and cohort effects. Collabra: Psychology, 3(1).
The article has focused on the parties that have been advocating for the legalization of marijuana. However, it highlights some of the factors that must be considered when people start debating the legalization of marijuana. The article will be of great help to the research because it has supported the research topic by concentrating on two different arguments that will be presented. The article takes the argument for and bipartisan positions. It is therefore evident that the use of the article will have value to the research.
Hall, W., & Weier, M. (2017). Has marijuana legalization increased marijuana use among US
youth? JAMA Pediatrics, 171(2), 116-118.
Hall and Weier have focused on the effects that come as a result of legalizing marijuana. The article has touched on the two essential sides of the legalization of marijuana. The first argument is about the legalization, and this is where the legalization has already taken place. The second argument is about the effects of the legalization of marijuana on the youths in the country. The information that has been presented by the two authors is of great help to the research because it has touched on the topic of research.
McGinty, E. E., Samples, H., Bandara, S. N., Saloner, B., Bachhuber, M. A., & Barry, C. L.
(2016). The emerging public discourse on state legalization of marijuana for recreational
use in the US: Analysis of news media coverage, 2010–2014. Preventive Medicine, 90,
114-120.
The article has focused on the mood that has been created when it comes to the topic of legalizing marijuana. The authors have presented the different arguments that are evident and revolving around the topic of marijuana legalization. It is evident that the authors have tried to cover the argument that supports and the argument that opposes the legalization of marijuana. The presentation of information that touches on the topics and arguments that have been highlighted in the topic of research is proof that the article goes a long way in supporting the research topic.
Monte, A. A., Zane, R. D., & Heard, K. J. (2015). The implications of marijuana legalization in
Colorado. Jama, 313(3), 241-242.
The article has focused on a state that has already legalized marijuana. In this case, it is evident that the argument that supports the legalization of marijuana has already won and this is because marijuana is already legalized. The article is very important to the research because after knowing the effects that have along with the legalization of marijuana in Colorado, it will be easier to know if the legalization of marijuana is a good idea or not. It is with no doubt that the article will be of great help to the research..
EDD633POLICYBRIEF
EDD633POLICYBRIEF
Trident International University
James Newton
EDD 633
Policy Brief
Dr. Anna Lint
May 25, 2019
Title
Students’ Behaviors and Attitudes
SLP1: Executive Summary
There have been increasing numbers of reported cases in which students have behaved aggressively towards their colleagues, and the data concerning unruly student behaviors has also been on the rise (Coll et al., 2018). The unruly student behavior has to be fixed because it is among the biggest factors that contribute to school drop outs and poor performance. Students have been reporting to the administration that they have been bullied by their colleagues, dispossessed of their properties, beaten or abused. Although these behaviors can be linked to anomalous adolescent conduct, there are also a number of possibilities that can induce aggressive behaviors in K-12 students. They include: negative attitude towards education, drug abuse, bad influence from adults, poor parental upbringing, or negative early life experiences (Dariotis et al., 2016). Therefore, it is necessary to introduce programs and lessons that can solve the issue of student misconduct and negative attitude towards education so as to improve the quality of education in K-12 schools.
In order to solve the issue of unruly student behavior and negative attitude towards education, guidance and counseling programs will be introduced in schools. Guidance and counseling will be necessary for all students, but those who exhibit unruly behaviors will undergo more counseling sessions that the rest of the students. The program is aimed at reducing stress, depression, and anxiety, which are the biggest contributing factors to student unruly and antisocial behaviors (Coll et al., 2018). Other mental health programs such as yoga will be introduced in order to improve the mental and emotional health of the students, which will boost their motivation so that they will like school and appreciate education. A research and an experimental program will have to be done in a few classes to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs before their full implementation. Main stakeholders in the education sector will also be consulted so as to incorporate their views.
SLP 2: Context of Scope of Problem
Students’ unruly behaviors are some of the leading causes of poor academic performance and high dropout rates in the United States and other developed countries. As such, concerns have been raised by policymakers and researchers on the need to reduce students’ deviant behaviors in school (Kremer et al. 2016). Students exhibit deviant behaviors in two major ways: externalization and externalization of unruly behaviors. Externalizing behaviors are characterized by defiance to school rules, disruptiveness, impulsivity, and antisocial behaviors. In some cases, externalizing behaviors may take the form of the student being overactive (Kremer et al. 2016). On the other hand, internalizing behaviors in.
Assessing low-income African-American pre-schoolers’
behaviour problems in relationship to community violence,
inter-partner conflict, parenting, informal social support
and social skillscfs_742 310..324
Linda M. Oravecz*, Philip J. Osteen†, Tanya L. Sharpe† and Suzanne M. Randolph‡
*Towson University, Department of Family Studies and Community Development, Towson, †University of Maryland,
School of Social Work, Baltimore, and ‡The MayaTech Corporation, Silver Spring, MD, USA
A B S T R AC T
This study examined the relations among community violence expo-
sure, inter-partner conflict and informal social support and the behav-
iour problems of pre-schoolers, and explored how mothers’ parenting
skills and children’s social skills may mediate the child outcomes
associated with such exposure. Participants were 185 African-
American mothers and female caregivers of Head Start children who
completed study measures in a structured interview. Path analyses
revealed that greater inter-partner conflict was associated with more
internalizing and externalizing child behaviour problems. Positive
parenting was associated with fewer internalizing and externalizing
behaviours. Higher levels of child social skills were associated with
fewer internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems. Child
social skills fully mediated the relationship between community vio-
lence and externalizing behaviours as well as between informal
support and externalizing behaviours. Social skills partially mediated
the relationships between positive parenting and externalizing behav-
iours. No mediating effect was found on the relationships between
inter-partner conflict and child behaviour problems. Implications of
the findings for intervention and future research are discussed.
Correspondence:
Linda M. Oravecz,
Department of Family Studies and
Community Development,
Towson University,
8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252,
USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Keywords: African-American,
behaviour problems, community
violence
Accepted for publication: October
2010
I N T R O D U C T I O N
In the USA, nearly one in three African-American
children live in poverty (Annie E. Casey Foundation
2008), with many living in urban neighbourhoods
characterized by deteriorating housing, crime, drug
activity and community violence (e.g. Sampson et al.
1997; DeNavas-Walt et al. 2004; Elliott et al. 2006).
Additionally, adult inter-partner conflict has been
found to be more prevalent among families coping
with poverty and its related stressors than among
more affluent families (Browne & Bassuk 1997; Scott
et al. 2002). While data relative to childhood exposure
to violence worldwide are scarce, it is estimated that
4400 people die daily from inter-personal, collective
or self-directed violence (Krug et al. 2002). Previous
research examining the impact of exposure to com-
munity violence and inter-partner conflict on child
development has found a number of socio-emotional
and adjustment problems in .
Assessment of the Case on Child Development Program Students Exposed to Emoti...inventionjournals
This study is planned to specify the ways of perception of the young who are exposed to emotional abuse by their mothers along with the factors that can affect the perception. 308 (306=F, 2=M) volunteer students of Child Development Program from Erciyes University Hüseyin Şahin Vocational High School, İzzet Bayraktar Vocational High School, Kırıkkale University Keskin Vocational High School and Dicle University Silvan Vocational High School are included to the study. In order to identify the case of young people subjected to emotional abuse by their mothers, “Mother-Youngster Relationship Scale” composed of 36 articles by Alantar (1989)- improved by Bayraktar (1990), Vardar (1994) is used in the study. As a result of the study, it is found out that the relation between the schools of the young and their confinement to a room/closet by their mothers is seen as substantive, the relation between educational background of the mother and the case of the young being seen as servants is found liminal substantive (p≤.05). The relation between educational background of mothers and the young’s bruised by them is reached out substantive (p<.05).
What are the effects of family violence on social well-being in .docxalanfhall8953
What are the effects of family violence on social well-being in adolescents?
Rehab Al Ghamdi
Dr. Sperry
EPSY 621
1
Did you know?
Millions of children are exposed to domestic violence in their home (Carlson, 1984; Straus, 1992).
Millions of children classified as maltreated by parents and other caretakers (USDHHS, 2006).
Co-occurrence of violence domestic as well as otherwise with child abuse(Edleson, 2001; Tajima, 2004).
Links between domestic violence as well as child abuse with adverse psychosocial and behavioral outcomes (T. Herrenkohl, Sousa, Tajima, R. Herrenkohl, & Moylan, 2008; Sternberg, 2006; Wolfe, Crooks, Lee, McIntyre-Smith, & Jaffe, 2003).
2
The above facts represents a disheartening story related to the dismal state of affairs with respect to the increasing incidents of child abuse and violence .Such an exposure at the tender age has a detrimental effect on their future personalities by adversely influencing their internalizing and externalizing behaviors.
2
Research question
Does the exposure to violence and child abuse at an early age responsible for influencing the psychosocial outcomes in adolescence comprising their internalizing and externalizing behaviors.
3
This investigation aims to strengthen research on effects of exposure to child abuse and domestic violence.
3
Summary
The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems.
4
The following slides will present the summary of the research study authored by Moyan et al. to investigate and validate the findings.
Moylan, C. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Russo, M. J. (2010). The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Journal of family Violence, 25(1), 53-63.
4
Purpose of Study
The examination of the impact of child abuse and domestic violence exposure in childhood on their internalizing adolescent behavior resulting in psychological problems like anxiety and depressionas well as their externalizing behaviors manifested as delinquency and violence perpetration.
Moylan, C. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., & Russo, M. J. (2010). The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Journal of family Violence,
5
The study by Moylan et al. attempted to investigate the combined effects of exposure to child abuse and domestic violence on psychosocial outcomes in adolescence and examine interaction of gender with abuse and domestic violence exposure in the prediction of youth outcomes.
5
Research hypothesis
The study postulates that
exposure to violence will enhance the likelihood of child imbibing these outcomes, and
the risk is higher among the children who face child abuse along with domestic as compared to those who are exposed to only one type of.
Perception of Child Abuse 2COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AND PROFESSIO.docxherbertwilson5999
Perception of Child Abuse 2
COLLEGE STUDENTS’ AND PROFESSIONALS’ PERCEPTION OF CHILD ABUSE IN CORRELATION TO STRESS
Introduction
Throughout the growth and development of society, child abuse and maltreatment has expanded into many different aspects; it occurs within socioeconomic levels, ethnic and cultural lines, all religions and all levels of education. Within the United States children are suffering from a hidden epidemic of child abuse and neglect. Every year 3.3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving nearly 6 million children (a report can include multiple children). The United States has the worst record in the industrialized nation – losing five children every day due to abuse-related deaths (U.S. Department of HHS, 2011). The estimated cost of child abuse and neglect in the United States for 2008 is $124 billion (Fang, 2012). The Department of Children and Families (DCF) defines child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent, guardian, or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child (Leeb, Paulozzi, Melanson, Simon, & Arias, 2008). There are four major categories of childhood abuse and maltreatment: physical abuse, psychological and emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect (Goldman, Salus, Wolcott, & Kennedy, 2003).
According to Brian H. Bornstein, Debra L. Kaplan, and Andrea R. Perry (2007), people have stereotypes about the circumstances and consequences of child abuse, and these expectancies can influence their judgments about individuals involved in abuse cases. Heim (2000) reported that participants with a history of abuse experience greater levels of perceived stress than participants without a history of abuse. They often perceive daily stressors more severely and longer in duration than their counterparts. It is also suggested that their history of abuse compromises these participants’ abilities to cope with stress, but the researchers noted that the data from their study is inconclusive, making it difficult for them to either support or refute this claim.
The perception of child abuse is very influential to students and upcoming professionals. Society’s definition and perception will guide current social work students into practice, which is a very important factor within the professional realm of social work.
Research Question
The purpose of this study is to examine college students and professionals’ perception of child abuse and how it relates to stress. The independent variable is the college students and professionals’ perception of child abuse and the dependent variable is how it relates to stress. The operational definition of perception remains closely allied to the continually developing behavioral theory of discrimination (Schoenfeld, 1962). The operational definition of child abuse is as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent, guardian, or other caregiver that results.
EFFECT OF CHILD ABUSE ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT...ResearchWap
ABSTRACT
This project work focuses on the effects of child abuse on students’ academic performance. The study attempts to unravel the causes, effects and remedies to child abuse among secondary school students. It was carried out in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State. A sample of 100 was randomly drawn from selected secondary schools in the local government and questionnaires were administered to the respondents. The mean percentage test, which was adopted in the study’s analysis, indicated that excessive battering of a child by parents/teacher/guidance; broken homes, child hawking before and after school and an unconducive learning environment are all causes of child abuse. Also, it was found that child abuse negatively affects a child’s school performance; such abused children are vulnerable to early pregnancy. Ill-treatment as well causes permanent and lifelong trauma, thereby making children develop low cognition of school subjects. The preaching of good morals by religious leaders to parents and guardians is part of the recommendations made in this study. Also, melting out punishment in form of fines on erring parents/guidance especially those forcing their children to hawk, and prevention from bad peer influence will help eliminate or reduce to the barest minimum the incidence of child abuse among secondary school students.
Child Abuse and Its Impact on Students’ Psychological Well Being in NDU Munic...ijtsrd
This study was designed to investigate “The Impact of Child Abuse on Students’ Psychological Well being” in Ndu Municipality, North west Region of Cameroon. Specifically, the study seeks to investigate the impact of sexual, emotional abuse and child neglect on student’s psychological well being in secondary schools in Ndu Municipality. A mixed methods design was adopted for the study. Questionnaires for students and interview guide for teachers were used for the collection of data and a purposive sampling technique was used to select respondents. A sample of 150 students were selected and administered the questionnaire and 27 teachers were interviewed. Data was analyzed quantitatively with the aid of frequency count and percentages, hypothesis tested using Spearman Rho and Chi square. Qualitatively data was analysed using thematic analysis. Finally, findings were presented using frequency distribution tables and charts and inferential statistic was presented, 95 level of confidence interval with alpha at 0.05 levels accepting only 5 margin of errors. Findings affirmed the fact that there was a significant and positive relationship between sexual abuse and students’ psychological well being P=0.000 0.001, R=0.170 . Similarly, the findings equally revealed that there was a significant and positive relationship between emotional abuse and students’ psychological well being P=0.000 0.001, R=0.353 . Also, findings also showed that, there was a significant and positive relationship between child neglect and students’ psychological well being P=0.000 0.001, R=0.346 . The findings indicated that, child abuse has an impact on students’ psychological well being in Ndu Municipality. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made that government should ensure proper creation, implementation and dissemination of policies to address child abuse both in schools and homes. Also, parents should adopt positive values and show love towards their children in order to boost students’ psychological well being. Neba Vernat Neh | Lukong Evelyn Shulika "Child Abuse and Its Impact on Students’ Psychological Well-Being in NDU Municipality" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61212.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/61212/child-abuse-and-its-impact-on-students’-psychological-wellbeing-in-ndu-municipality/neba-vernat-neh
Running head CHILD ABUSE Child Abuse Larita SettlesLibe.docxtodd271
Running head: CHILD ABUSE
Child Abuse
Larita Settles
Liberty University
Aboul-Hagag, K., & Hamed, A. (2013). Prevalence and pattern of child sexual abuse. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2(3), 89-96. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejfs.2012.05.001
This study aimed at determining the prevalence and pattern of child sexual abuse among samples selected from college students. The researchers employed a cross-sectional survey of 450 undergraduates at Sohag University, Egypt. It was found out that the overall prevalence of sexual abuse on children was at 29.8% of the sample with higher rates in females compared to males. Male children aged nine years and female children aged 10years were found to be victims of child sexual abuse. The study also found out that a big number of child sexual abuse perpetrators were male and mainly from outside families of the victims. This study sets a phase of child sexual abuse, and it’s important in my research as it improves the scope of child abuse.
Al Odhayani, A., Watson, W. J., & Watson, L. (2016). Behavioral consequences of child abuse. Canadian family physician, 59(8), 831-836.
Authors of the article aimed at examining the consequences of childhood abuse on behavior development, identify behavioral indicators of child abuse and evaluate the role of family physicians in the social problem. Sources of information for the article included a systematic search of relevant research, clinical review articles, and child protection agency information. It was found out that childhood abuse results in disordered psychological development and behavioral concerns. Also, the authors found out that family physicians have an essential role in identifying indicators of child abuse. This article was important as it provided a wide range of information on behavioral indicators of abused children.
Cuadra, L., Jaffe, A., Thomas, R., & DiLillo, D. (2014). Child maltreatment and adult criminal behavior: Does criminal thinking explain the association? Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(8), 1399-1408.Doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.005
The research examined the correlations between child abuse and adult criminal behaviors. Information was gathered from 338 men who had been adjudicated. Results of the study showed that there were relationships between child sexual abuse and sexual offenses and a grownup. Child physical abuse was also found to endorse proactive and reactive criminal thinking behaviors. The outcomes indicate that child abuse is directly related to criminal behaviors. This article was essential as it provides information on the long-term effects of child maltreatment.
Hong, S., Rhee, T., & Piescher, K. (2018). Longitudinal association of child maltreatment and cognitive functioning: Implications for child development. Child Abuse & Neglect, 84, 64-73.Doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.026 .
Overt Victimization and the Psychosocial Maladjustment of Adolescents in Seco...ijtsrd
Overt victimization and maladjustment is a drawback that is affecting most adolescents in Secondary schools in Cameroon for the past years which has been grossly neglected in Sub Sahara Africa. This study was on how overt victimization leads to psychosocial maladjustments among adolescents in secondary schools in Cameroon North West, South West, Central, and Adamawa . The research method adopted for this study was mixed method with a concurrent nested design. The sample was made up of 594 students from twelve schools, 24 administrators from these schools and twelve focus groups from twelve schools. The instruments used in collecting data were a questionnaire and focus group discussion with students, and an interview for school administrators. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using cross tabulations, frequencies, percentages and multiple response sets. Findings showed that overt victimization significantly predicts psychosocial maladjustment of adolescents in secondary schools P 0.001 . The positive sign of the correlation value R= 0.347 implied that adolescents are more likely to suffer from psychosocial maladjustments when there is constant or persistent occurrence of overt victimization in the school environment. It was concluded that overt victimization leads to psychosocial maladjustments among adolescents in secondary schools in Cameroon. Based on the findings, it was recommended that curbing overt victimisation and fostering adolescents adjustment in school is a joint effort by parents, teachers, school Chaplin’s, administrators, discipline masters| mistresses and school counsellors through advocacy and organizing seminars which create awareness on deteriorating effects of over victimization. Shien Vera | Joseph Lah Lo-oh | Nkemanjen Donatus Achankeng "Overt Victimization and the Psychosocial Maladjustment of Adolescents in Secondary Schools, Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50380.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/50380/overt-victimization-and-the-psychosocial-maladjustment-of-adolescents-in-secondary-schools-cameroon/shien-vera
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Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
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Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology
Peer Attachment and Intention of Aggressive Behavior among School Children
1. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
Volume 20, Issue 1, Ver. V (Jan. 2015), PP 66-72
e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845.
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20156672 www.iosrjournals.org 66 | Page
Peer Attachment and Intention of Aggressive Behavior among
School Children
Chidiebere Kelechi Duru1
, Ma‟rof Redzuan2
, Hanina Hamsan3
,
Mohd. Ibrani Shahrimin4
1,2,3,4
Department of Social & Development Sciences Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan MALAYSIA.
Abstract: This paper attempts to ascertain the relationship between peer attachment and intention of
aggressive behavior amongst school children. There are literatures related to peer attachment quality and its
effects on adjustment and development.However, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship
between peer attachments and intention of aggressive behavior. Positive peer attachment, respectively, have
been viewed as protective factors, that prevent peers from engaging in intention of aggressive behaviors, like
violence, risky sexual behavior, and bullying.. While the negative aspect of peer insecure attachment from the
school which is associated with more problematic functioning including higher rates of emotional problems,
substance use, aggression and delinquency. In this study, respondentswere 426 school children (males 199 and
females 227) between 13-17 years old. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation
and t-test for student’sage groups.Peer attachment was measured using inventory of parents and peer
attachment (IPPA) with respect to peer attachment and adolescent intention of aggressive behaviour. Findings
have revealed that over all respondents show that there is a significant positive relationship between peer
influences on intention of aggressive behaviour.And there is no significant difference in age group of the
respondents and intention of aggressive behaviour. Peer influence on intention of aggressive behaviour is high
which is peer to peer aggressive act within the school environment which the harm that is always intention to
cause injuries, and destroy.Thus, expressive support and attention should be extended not just to the victims of
intention of aggressive behaviour cases, but also to intimidators. Recommendation of the study centers on the
need to examine the reports from school counselors and peers that engage in intention of aggressive behaviour.
Keywords: Aggressive behavior, Influence, Intention, Peer attachment.
I. Introduction
Aggressive behavior is a matter of concern to the public, particularly, aggressive behavior among
adolescence (Bushman & Huesmann, 2001; Werner & Crick, 2004). Moreover, a growing body of research in
psychology, sociology and education has generated new insight on understanding development of peers within
various social environments. Currently, research has shown that peer social attachments and related experiences
contributed to the explanation of intention toengage in aggressive behaviour (Murray & Greenberg, 2006). More
sure, intention to engage in aggressive behaviour may be caused by a number of factors like teachers style
which is inconsistent or contradictory, family problems, child neglect, separation or bereavement, injury or
chronic illness and greed (Giannakopoulos, Mihas & Dimitrakaki, et al,2009; Stadelmann, Perren & Groeben, et
al., 2010). Intention toengage in aggressive behaviour among peers are often multi-factorial and the manner in
which they are expressed may be influenced by a variety of problems such as developmental stage,
temperament, adaptive and coping abilities of school and family as well as the nature of their stress. In addition,
peers may show attachment disturbances with friends, school, family, poor school performance and behavioural
worsening to an earlier stage of development, and psychological disorders like phobia (Dogan-Ates, 2010;
Dufton, Dunn & Compas, 2009).
Moreover, researchers from many disciplines such as sociology and psychology have expressed fear
concerning the consequences of intention of aggressive behaviour exhibited by student‟sattachment (Shonkoff
& Phillips, 2000). Specifically, peers intention to engage in aggressive behaviour is influenced with subsequent
problems in socialization, school adjustment, school success and vocational adaptation in children (Campbell,
1995).According to Smith and Fox (2003) intention of aggressive behavior is “any repeated pattern of
behaviour, or perception of behaviour, that interferes with or is at risk of interfering with optimal learning or
engagement in pro-social interactions with peers.In western nations, intention of aggressive behaviour largely
involves older pupils victimising younger children, mainly by physical and verbal means (Smith,
2004).Moreover, research has shown that social exclusion by large groups of students, peer
acceptance/influence, popularity, and „‟fitting in‟‟ in the new social environment with influence of many school
2. Peer Attachment and Intention of Aggressive Behavior among School Children
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20156672 www.iosrjournals.org 67 | Page
children may relate to engage in intention of aggressive behaviour(Kanetsuna and Smith, 2002; Koo et al, 2008;
Juvonen& Ho, 2009).
It is also clear to note that peers attachment and their intention to involve in aggressive behaviour may
be as well cause by peers merely witnessing any attacks can be negatively influenced and as well as harsh
punishment (Nishina&Juvonen, 2005; Pepler et al, 2008). Research also suggests thatwhen peers behave
aggressively towards others, using harsh physical discipline with friends and then their friends are more likely to
involve in intention of aggressivebehaviour(Smokowski&Kopasz, 2005). Moreover, peer‟s reactionson intention
of aggressive behaviour, and their perceptions of themselves and of their own safety, are influenced by others
(Salmivalli et al, 1998; Gini et al, 2008). In the other hand, the social environment of individual classes or year
groups can also influence peers to intention of aggressive behaviour(Sharp, 1996; Karna et al, in press). Clearly,
peers/school children always have reasons to believe that their behavior helps enhance their peer status, and
studies have shown that intention of aggressive behaviour among peers/school children can be perceived as
cool, powerful, and popular even in mainstream peer groups (Caravita, DiBlasio&Salmivalli, 2009; Rodkin,
Farmer, Pearl& Van Acker, 2006).
Meanwhile, intention of aggressive behaviour and real aggressive behaviour are closely related. This
assertion was supported by work of (Alikasifoglu et al.,2004; Eke & Ogel, 2006) who argued that higher rates of
aggressive behaviour among school children is mainly on involving in beating someone, hitting after being hit is
retaliatory, whereas hitting someone you were hit is initiated aggressive behaviour. Similarly, numerous studies
show that the reasons for intention of aggressive behavior during this period are multifactorial like being victim
of aggressive acts, television viewing, gender, and environmental (Horman, Hansen, Cochain, & Lindsey, 2005;
Ozmen, 2006; Valk, Spruijit, Goede, Maas, & Meus, 2005). In another study (Eke & Ogel, 2006), argued that
the rate of getting involved in at least one physical fight was 68.8% among boys and 29.7% among girls.Another
work similar to the above related literature was also digested. The work of Turkish Grand National Assembly,
2008) shows that the most frequent involvement in intention of aggressive behaviour among school children is
for physical harm, bullying, threatening, interference, nicknaming, hurt and gossiping.
II. Statement Of Problem
The researcher found it useful to conduct a research in the area of peer attachment/ influence of school
children and intention of aggressive behaviour in Selangor state, Malaysia. The issues which attract the
researcher to conduct research work on this topicisdue to how peers influence one to engage in aggressive
behaviour. Meanwhile the problem of adolescence school children was also observed among the others.
Objective of the research
Three main objectives were outline by the researcher to solve the above traceable problems observed in
the districts.
To describe the level of peer attachment and intention of aggressive behavior in Selangor state,
Malaysia.
To examine the difference between age group and intention of aggressive behaviour.
To identify the relationship between peers attachment and intention of aggressive behaviour
III. Methodology
3.1 Population and Sample
The current study focused mainly on peer attachment and intention of aggressive behaviour and utilized
data from selected daily secondary school children in Selangor, Malaysia. The sample of the study was 426
respondents which involves male and female with age 13 to 17 years old. From the daily secondary schools,
three schools were randomly selected from the rural areas of Selangor. Three schools were selected from the
urban areas of the state. The total number of schools sampled for the current study amounted to six schoolsfrom
the state. Within the schools the students were selected using stratified random sampling.The method employed
by the researcher to work out this research objectives successfully were through the use of an instrument that
was tested its reliability and validity in the pilot study before the real application for the main data collection.
This instrument used was the structured designed questionnaire which was administered to collect information
from 426 population sample sizes, in Petaling Perdana, Hulu langkat, Gombak, and Klang in Selangor state,
MalaysiaThe research used descriptive statistics to find out the level of peer attachment and intention of
aggressive behaviour. And Pearson correlation analysis was run to find the strength of the relationship among
school children and intention of aggressive behaviour in the districts. Lastly t-test analysis was also done to find
out the age groups differences among school children that contribute to intention of aggressive behaviour.The
objective of the study is to determine the relationship between peer attachment and intention of aggressive
behavior amongst secondary school children.
3. Peer Attachment and Intention of Aggressive Behavior among School Children
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20156672 www.iosrjournals.org 68 | Page
3.2 Instrumentation
3.2.1 Peer Attachment
Peer attachment was measured with the Inventory of Peer Attachment (IPPA) developed by Armsden
and Greenberg‟s (1987). The scale consists of 25 items, scored on a 4-point scale ranging from1= always true;
2= sometimes true; 3= not very true; and 4= never true. Examples of questions include “My friends can tell
when I‟m upset about something‟‟, „‟When we discuss things, my friends care about my point of view‟‟, „‟When
I discuss things, my friends care about my point of view‟‟, „‟I wish I had different friends‟‟, „‟My friends help
me to talk about my difficulties‟‟.The IPPA assesses peers‟ perceptions of the positive and negative
affective/cognitive dimension of attachment with their fellow peers in accordance with attachment theory. The
scale had a Cronbach‟s Alpha value of 0.757, indicating that it had a high degree of reliability. According to
Garousifarshi and Soufiyani (2008) and Tabachnick and Fidell, (2007) for good reliability test the Cronbach‟s
alpha is expected to be the point above and peer attachment has acceptable internal consistency, with a
Cronbach alpha coefficient of .75 and has been used with a number of samples both clinical and non clinical. In
the current study, the Cronbach alpha was .78.
3.2.2 Intention of aggressive behavior:
Aggressive behavior questionnaire was used to measure the intention of aggressive behavior. The scale
was originally developed by Buss & Perry (1992). This instrument comprises 34 items referring to different
types of intention of aggressive behavior. It assesses some aspects of aggressive behavior: ( my friends say that I
argue a lot, At times I can‟t control the urge to hit someone, I get into fights more than most people, other
people always seem to get the breaks, I flare up quickly, but get over it quickly, I often find myself disagreeing
with people, I can‟t help getting into argument when people disagree with me, I have threatened people I know,
I wonder why sometimes I feel so bitter about things, I let my anger show when I do not get what I want etc).
The 34 items in the questionnaire for this study were measured using the Likert scale. They are as follows:
1=strongly agree; 2=agree; 3= strongly disagree; and 4= agree. In this study the internal consistence of the
intention of aggressive behaviour scale was found to be acceptable (Cronbach alpha =.78),indicating that it had
a high degree of reliability.
3.2 Data Analyses
SPSS programme was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the
background information of the respondents and the main variables of the study. Pearson correlation was used to
examine the association between peer attachment and intention of aggressive behaviour. While Independent
sample t-test was used to examine age differences in intention of aggressive behaviour among school children.
3.3 Results
Descriptive analysis was conducted on the variables of the study.The finding of the study shows that
greater percentages of the respondents for the current study range in age group of 13-14 are more than half
which constitutes 58.9% of the respondents based on the Mean = 14.38 years and SD = 1.48, followed by 15-16
which constitutes 41.1%, which comprise of 46.7 % males, and 53.3% females which mean they have higher
intention to involve in aggressive behaviour. Therefore, the findings show that greater percentage of the
respondents by age revealed higher likelihood to involve in intention of aggressive behaviour. In addition,
majority of the respondents were Malays (86.6%) and Muslims (87.1%), and 55.2% of whom were from rural
areas. moreover, majority of the respondents came from married parents that are living together (88.0%). While
44.8 % of the school children were from urban schools, while 55.2% were from rural schools. In addition, this
implied that most of the respondents are femalewhich means they have higher intention to engage in aggressive
behaviour.
IV. Result Finding And Discussion
Table 1: Personal profile of respondents (N= 426)
Variables Frequency Percentage Mean SD
Age
13 – 14 years 251 58.9 14.38 1.48
15 – 16 years 175 41.1
4. Peer Attachment and Intention of Aggressive Behavior among School Children
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20156672 www.iosrjournals.org 69 | Page
Table 3 The level of peer attachment of Respondents N=426
Variable Mean S.D Min Max N %
Peer attachment 52.77. 6.65 98 328
Low (Scores 23 - 46) 92 21.6
Medium (Scores 47- 69) 328 76.9
High (Scores 70 - 92) 6 1.4
Source: Field work, 2014
Table 2 and 3 indicates score of the respondent‟s base on low, Medium, and high score in peer
attachment. According to the samples, obtained scores low, Medium and high categories was suggested, as
shown in Table 3, more than (76.9%) of the respondents reported mild level in peer attachment and also (21.6%)
of respondents reported low peer attachment, and only (1.4%) reported high level in peer attachment. Table 2
indicated score of the respondents base on low, medium, and high score of intention of aggressive behaviour.
Based on samples obtained from scores, low, medium and high categories was suggested as shown in table 2,
shows that (58.5%) of the respondent reported mild level in intention of aggressive behaviour, also (18.5%)
respondents reported low peer attachment, and only (23.0%) reported high level in intention of aggressive
behaviour.The summary of this results shows that there was moderate level peer attachment to influence one on
intention of aggressive behaviour among the respondents in the districts selected in Selangor state, Malaysia The
general overview of the results analysis shows that, there was moderate level of peer attachment to influence
others to engage in intention of aggressive behaviour which consequently yield the resulted out comes to appear
moderate to influence one to involve in intention of aggressive behaviour in and outside the school environment
in Selangor state, Malaysia.
Table 4Significant difference in intention of aggressive behaviour based on age group
Variable Frequency Mean SD t Sig
Age group
13-14 251 99.16 11.55 1.016 0.310
15-16 175 97.93 13.55
The result of the t-test analysis which was employed to investigate the difference among respondents‟ age
groups on the intention of aggressive behavior further discovered there is no significant difference (t = 1.016, p
=0.310) in intention of aggressive behaviour scores for age group 13-14 (M=99.16, SD = 11.55) and 15-16, (M
= 97.93, SD = 13.55)..Interestingly, Chauhan & Reppucci (2009) revealed that age directly influenced intention
of aggressive behavior among children.Similarly, Burton (2007) found that 13-18 years old is the peak stage for
school children to engage in intention of aggressive behaviour. In support of this, Breet, Myburgh & Poggenpoel
(2010) revealed that all school children irrespective of their age or culture always express intention to engage in
aggressive behaviour in any environment.
Table 5: Relationship between Peer attachment and Intention of aggressive behaviour
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)
Meanwhile, the data collected was also use to find the strength of relationship between peer attachment
and intention of aggressive behavior among secondary school children. The Pearson correlation analysis was
Table 2The level of intention of aggressive behaviour of Respondents N=426
Variable Mean S.D Min Max N %
Intention of Aggresiv behaviour 98.66. 12.41 177 249
Low (Scores 34 - 68) 79 18.5
Medium (Scores 69- 102) 249 58.5
High (Scores 105 - 136) 98 23.0
5. Peer Attachment and Intention of Aggressive Behavior among School Children
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20156672 www.iosrjournals.org 70 | Page
done and the result findings reflect that, there is a significant positive relationship between peer attachment and
intention of aggressive behaviour (r = 0.143, p < 0.05). This result was supported by finding from many
scholars; among them include the work of Burton‟s (2007) whose findings shows that there positive and
significant correlation between peer influence and selection to contribute to the explanation of intention of
aggressive behavior. Adding also that self-selection of peer influence has been known as the idea that adolescent
school children who want to engage in intention of aggressive behavior may seek out a peer group that
facilitates that aggressive behavior. Though, peer influence has been recognized as a causal factor. Another
finding by Salmivalli, Ojanen, Haanpaa&Peets (2005) shows that peer influence in the attachment differ in the
virtual status they attach to mutual such as making friends, being prosocial, feeling close to others and agentic
such as being visible, influential, and admired goals.
V. Discussion
Result from this empirical research shows that the level at which peers influences one in the school
environment studies serve as a medium to school children and their intention to engage in aggressive behaviour
was moderate, because the analysis indicated that the level of intention of aggressive behaviour is moderate at
328 (76.9%) out of 426 total respondent and (mean 52.77, SD=6.65). the finding of study illustrates that there
was no significant different between male and female involvement in intention of aggressive behaviour.
Interestingly, there was also no significant difference in age of the respondent intention to engage in aggressive
behaviour. Therefore, majority of these school children came from urban and rural areas and their parents are
living together. The current study therefore revealed that self socialization of peer attachment, influence, peer
interaction, peer group and environment may contribute immensely in turning school children to enage in
intention of aggressive behaviour. The present finding on intention of aggressive behaviour among school
children was consistent with the study conducted by NyiNyiNaing, Zulkifli Ahmad &Razlan Musa, (2004) in
Malaysia and with other studies Stewart-Knox, Sittlington, Rugkasa, Harrisson, Treacy&Abaunza, (2005) and
Burk, Steglich&Snijders,(2007). Moreover, involvement with deviant peers results in the development of
intention of aggressive behaviour (Chapman & Werner-Wilson, 2008). The finding of this study may be
explained within the purview of social learning theory by Bandura (1977) which emphasized changes in the
socialization process between males and females in the society. This socialization process may account for
behavior modeling which explains why more peers and school children were involved in intention of aggressive.
VI. Summary And Conclusion
Finally, the research has come to it achievement in which all the designed objectives were completed
successfully. The level at which peer attachment and their intention to involve in aggressive behaviour was
analyzed through descriptive statistics and the results shows moderate level. Secondly the strength of the
relationship was also examined through Pearson correlation analysis and result confirmed that there is a
significant relationship between peer attachment and intention of aggressive behaviour. Finally the correlation
analysis was used tofind how peer influence can contribute to intention of aggressive behaviour. The t-test
analysis was conducted and it proved that age group of the school children can contribute significantly to peers
involvement in intention of aggressive behaviour in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. Moreover, recently
emerging studies suggest otherwise (Anonymous,2003) including the current study that peers involvement in
intention of aggressive behaviour occurs globally and it happens in all secondary school at all grade levels. It
should be acknowledged that there are alternative explanations for some of the findings. For example, it could
be that shared environmental factors between peers and school children support to explain some of the observed
associations. Environmental and influential factors might be passed directly from peers to peers. Likewise,
socialization influenced individual differences of peers and adolescent school children might cause certain kinds
of peer‟s practices thereby changing the direction of influence. According to Witvliet et al. (2009) peers and
other school children might engage in intention of aggressive behaviour in order to enhance their own social
standing in the school environment, rather than because they are involved to peers of such groups.
VII. Recommendation
The researcher is positively recommending that experts in primary care, teachers, counselors and
friends of victims of aggressive behaviour are therefore enjoined to report cases of aggressive behaviour to
necessary government agencies in their respective states as a way to ensure that school children who were been
victimized receive suitable care and support before they cause pain and agony to themselves.Findings of this
study were limited to the self report of intention of aggressive behaviour by the respondents of the study. The
study thus suggests that future studies should survey the report from school counselors and children in
secondary school who are been injured to facilitate the possible solution to put a stop to it and to enable them
receive medical care on time.
6. Peer Attachment and Intention of Aggressive Behavior among School Children
DOI: 10.9790/0837-20156672 www.iosrjournals.org 71 | Page
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