Peace psychology ppt
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Peace psychology is a subfield of psychology that deals with psychological aspects of peace, conflict, violence, and war. It has four pillars: research, education, practice, and advocacy working towards sustainable peace using non-violent means. It emerged during the Cold War focused on preventing nuclear war, but now takes a more nuanced perspective on different types of violence and meanings of peace. It aims to apply psychological knowledge to promote peace, defined as the absence of destructive conflict and creation of positive social conditions. However, peace psychology faces challenges including perceptions that it is weak, relies too much on qualitative research, and has little to offer other fields like political science.
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This document summarizes key concepts in social psychology including person perception, attribution, attitudes, prejudice, and strategies for reducing prejudice. It discusses how people quickly form impressions of others using mental shortcuts like social categorization and implicit personality theories. It also explains attribution and how people explain behaviors internally or externally. The concepts of in-group/out-group bias and cognitive dissonance are introduced as well.
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According to psychologist Gordon Allport, social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods "to understand and explain how the thought, feeling and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings" (1985).
Briefly this field has been discussed.
Social cognition
Social cognition is a sub-topic of social psychology that focuses on how people process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations.
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Cross-cultural psychology involves the systematic comparison of psychological variables across cultures to understand how culture influences human behavior. It examines both observable behaviors and covert behaviors like thoughts and beliefs. While some research emphasizes differences in psychological functioning between cultures, reflecting diverse "modes of being", other work stresses common underlying psychological processes shaped by local culture. Definitions and approaches within the field have evolved, with ongoing debates around issues like universalism vs. cultural relativism.
wisdom.pptx
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The document discusses differences between Western and Eastern perspectives on concepts like the "good life" and happiness. Western views tend to emphasize individualism, autonomy, achievement, and future-oriented thinking, while Eastern views focus more on collectivism, cooperation, balance, harmony with nature, and respect for tradition and elders. The good life from a Western lens involves success, wealth and pursuing goals, whereas Eastern philosophies see an optimal life as a spiritual journey of transcendence involving compassion for others.
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1) Conflict arises from differences in perceptions and beliefs between individuals and groups. When trust breaks down due to these differences, it can lead to emotional responses and psychosocial crises.
2) Psychology is the study of behavior, thought, and the mind. It seeks to understand individuals and groups to establish general principles and research specific cases. There are many branches of psychology that focus on different topics related to behavior, cognition, emotion, and relationships.
3) There are four main types of conflict: interpersonal, intrapersonal, intragroup, and intergroup. Conflict can stem from incompatible personalities between individuals, inner psychological struggles within a person, disagreements among group members, or tensions between different teams or
Political psychology tol
This document provides an overview of political psychology as a field of study. It discusses how political psychology explores the relationship between political science and psychology by examining how political institutions influence and are influenced by human behavior. The document outlines some of the major thinkers in political psychology, such as Machiavelli, and how their work examined human nature and strategies for maintaining power. It also summarizes recent trends in political psychology, such as the incorporation of neuroscience and genetics research. The purpose of political psychology is to understand the reciprocal relationship between politics and psychology to better explain political phenomena through a psychological lens.
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Social psychology is the scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. It examines how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. The focus of social psychology is on understanding how individuals are shaped by their social environments and how individuals shape those environments in turn.
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Peace psychology ppt
- 2. It is a subfield of Psychology and Peace Research that deals with the psychological aspects of peace, conflict, violence, and war.
- 3. Peace psychology can be characterized by four interconnected pillars: I. Research II. Education III. Practice IV. advocacy.
- 4. o They are usually normatively bound in their means and objectives by working towards the ideal of sustainable peace using (as far as possible) non-violent means. o The ideal of peace can also be conceptualized as the comprehensive implementation of human rights (civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights); o Ensure the satisfaction of basic human needs, such as positive personal and social identity, sense of control, security, (social) justice, well-being, a safe environment, and access to adequate food and shelter.
- 5. In the United States the Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence of the American Psychological Association Psychologists for Social Responsibility, a nongovernmental organization based in Washington, DC Australian Psychological Society has an Interest Group called Psychologists for Peace. On the international level, there is the Committee for the Psychological Study of Peace International Network of Psychologists for Social Responsibility, which links organizations from (among other countries) Germany, Finland, the United States, Australia, Costa Rica, India, and Italy
- 6. Peace psychology emerged as a distinct area of research and practice during the Cold War, when the preeminent concern was the prevention of nuclear war. In the post-Cold War period, peace psychologists have shifted away from a narrow focus on the prevention of nuclear war and have moved toward a more geo historically nuanced, conceptually differentiated, and systemically integrated perspective on violence and peace.
- 7. Three themes are emerging in post-Cold War peace psychology: i. Greater sensitivity to Geo historical context ii. A more differentiated perspective on the meanings and types of violence and peace, iii. A systems view of the nature of violence and peace
- 8. To “increase and apply psychological knowledge in the pursuit of peace including I. Absence of destructive conflict II. creation of positive social conditions which minimize destructiveness and promote human well-being” (Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict, and Violence, 2006, para. 3).
- 9. Four Challenges for Peace Psychology 1. For some people, “peace” sounds soft, weak, native, idealistic, and even dangerous and unpatriotic, particularly when the threat of terrorism is a salient concern for Americans (Lott, 2006; Unger, 2006). 2. its reliance on qualitative methods; hence, some might assume that it cannot be methodologically rigorous (Leininger, 1994) 3. APA approved the establishment of Division 48: Peace Psychology in 1991 (because peace psychology was officially organized at the close of the Cold War), some observers might mistakenly identify peace psychology as the study of nuclear issues. 4. It has little to offer IR, a specialty in political science that is well beyond the familiar moorings of mainstream psychology
- 10. William James (Deutsch, 1995), who, in a speech at Stanford University in 1906, coined the phrase “the moral equivalent of war” (James, 1910/1995, p. 22). James argued that war provides human beings with opportunities to express their spiritual inclinations toward self-sacrifice and personal honor; consequently, to end war, societies must find alternative “moral equivalents” for the expression of these profoundly important human values (James, 1910/ 1995)
- 11. Peace psychology does not fail to stress to what extent political economies which accentuate social inequalities both instigate and facilitate xenophobic sentiments and other forms of intolerance. Peace psychology, on the contrary, does not aim at pacification, but at transforming the interactions and distinguishing features of the conflict into newer and more authentic forms of relationship and conditions of life
- 12. It is a recent acquisition in fieldwork, an up-to-date instrument based on experience drawn from the study and practice of community work.
- 13. These training groups take place at regular intervals, in a medium to short timescale agreed on with the participants themselves.
- 14. Psychological knowledge may tackle the issue of peace in two different ways: I. By leaving intact its own theoretical framework and adapting it to the study of peace. II. By calling in question the traditional approaches and proposing a form of differential psychological knowledge to encourage the evolution of the individual and of society in all its expressions (thought, behaviour, relationships), according to an integrated cross-disciplinary perspective.
- 15. Type of relation proposed by the aggressor is reproduced in thought and behavior in a counter-reactive and specular- symmetrical manner. The aggressor may be a fully aware person, an agent unaware (or only slightly aware) of the damage being inflicted, or a social system which acts indirectly to the detriment of people. The type of relation inherent in this last mode of behavior is very widespread in our culture, on account of being socially accredited