The Division of Peace Psychology was established within the American Psychological Association in 1990. It aims to encourage research, education, and training on issues of peace, nonviolent conflict resolution, and violence prevention. It also fosters communication among professionals in these areas and applies psychological knowledge to advance peace. The document provides information on causes of conflicts, levels of conflicts, approaches to dealing with conflicts, responses to conflicts, and the nature and types of violence.
This is a presentation regarding Albert Ellis' REBT. Ellis' model teaches us to dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with rational ones to experience effective change.
This is a presentation regarding Albert Ellis' REBT. Ellis' model teaches us to dispute irrational beliefs and replace them with rational ones to experience effective change.
Clinical Psychology helps to analyze the human behaviours like mental, emotional and behavioural disorders and diagnose, treat and prevent mental disorders.
Read more: http://www.tauedu.org/school-of-behavioral-science.html
TAT Interpretation
Interpretation: There are no formal, normative standards for the TAT.
General
The simplest procedure for studying TAT responses is the inspection technique.
Most clinicians interpret the TAT stories informally; repetitive patterns or themes become apparent by reading through a subject's stories.
It is useful to know the typical themes and stories that are elicited by each of the cards.
Deviations from these may offer rich interpretive value.
Typical themes are presented in Groth-Marnat (2003) Chapter 10, in Bellak (1997) Chapter 4, and in Teglasi, (2001).
It is important to look for corroboration of patterns in other stories, other test results, or in background information.
Bellak (1997) says "A repetitive pattern is the best assurance that one does not deal with an artifact".
In interpretation of the TAT is that the
Pictures are best seen psychologically as a series of social situations and interpersonal relations. Or
All characters in the stories are projected aspects of the self, keeping in mind that they may represent
The ideal self,
The real self,
The feared self, etc.
Clinical Psychology helps to analyze the human behaviours like mental, emotional and behavioural disorders and diagnose, treat and prevent mental disorders.
Read more: http://www.tauedu.org/school-of-behavioral-science.html
TAT Interpretation
Interpretation: There are no formal, normative standards for the TAT.
General
The simplest procedure for studying TAT responses is the inspection technique.
Most clinicians interpret the TAT stories informally; repetitive patterns or themes become apparent by reading through a subject's stories.
It is useful to know the typical themes and stories that are elicited by each of the cards.
Deviations from these may offer rich interpretive value.
Typical themes are presented in Groth-Marnat (2003) Chapter 10, in Bellak (1997) Chapter 4, and in Teglasi, (2001).
It is important to look for corroboration of patterns in other stories, other test results, or in background information.
Bellak (1997) says "A repetitive pattern is the best assurance that one does not deal with an artifact".
In interpretation of the TAT is that the
Pictures are best seen psychologically as a series of social situations and interpersonal relations. Or
All characters in the stories are projected aspects of the self, keeping in mind that they may represent
The ideal self,
The real self,
The feared self, etc.
States of Denial: Gendering Policy & Practice in Domestic Abuse and Mental Health Services - Professor Linda McKie, Glasgow Caledonian University - a presentation at A Difficult Alliance? Making Connections between Mental Health and Domestic Violence Research and Practice Agendas on 7 June 2011
Cultural Emotions Pain, Hate, Fear, Disgust, Shame, Love OllieShoresna
Cultural Emotions:
Pain, Hate, Fear, Disgust, Shame, Love
Ted Manley, Jr. PhD
Cultural Emotion
PAIN
(Meriam Webster)
1 : punishment ·the pains and penalties of crime
2 a : usually localized physical suffering associated with bodily disorder (such as a disease or an injury) ·the pain of a twisted ankle
also : a basic bodily sensation induced by a noxious stimulus, received by naked nerve endings, characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching), and typically leading to evasive action ·the pain of bee stings
b : acute mental or emotional distress or suffering : grief
Sociology of Pain
Pain: A Sociological Introduction, Elaine Denny (2016)
Intersection between biology and culture (Medical Model vs Sociology Model of managing pain)
Much pain is experienced as short lived, and self-limiting or easily treated, but for those individuals who live with long term and intractable pain it can cause disruption of life as it is currently lived and alter their expectations of the future.
Sociological research has, for example, shown how men and women approach and experience pain differently, seeking to explain why women more than men report more long term and disabling pain than men. A strength of a sociological understanding of pain is that it encompasses both the interpretive perspective of the person in pain and the structural factors that influence this, offering an explanation of the way that these intersect.
Cultural Emotion
HATE
(Meriam Webster)
Intense hostility and aversion usually deriving from fear, anger, or sense of injury.
b : extreme dislike or disgust : antipathy, loathing.
The Sociology of Hate
Stereotypes
Cognitive
Prejudice
Affective
Discrimination
Behavioral
Gordon Allport (1954?:1958; 1979): The Nature of Prejudice
“Open-mindedness is considered to be a virtue. But, strictly speaking, it cannot occur. A new experience must be redacted into old categories. We cannot handle each even freshly in its own right (Allport, 1954, p. 19)
5
The Big Three
Three main topics in the psychology of racism: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Stereotypes:
Stereotypes
Stereotypes categorize people according to social factors
Definition: “A cognitive structure that contains the perceiver’s knowledge, beliefs, and expectancies about some human group” (Hamilton & Trolier, 1986, p. 133).
Stereotypes are necessary
The content of stereotypes can be the problem
Outcome
Most insidious stereotypes = create, maintain, or strengthen social hierarchy
Outcomes of racial/ ethnic stereotypes
6
Categorize based on age, gender, social role, physical appearance, or relation to self
Definition: “A cognitive structure that contains the perceiver’s knowledge, beliefs, and expectancies about some human group” (Hamilton & Trolier, 1986, p. 133).
We develop “Naïve theories” of social action (Tajfel & Forgas, 2000)
Used for complex social events that we can’t understand fully
Develop simplistic sy ...
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Does Social and Transcultural Psychiatry Have a Political Agenda? Should It? Université de Montréal
Title: Does Social and Transcultural Psychiatry Have a Political Agenda? Should It?
Presenter: Vincenzo Di Nicola, MPhil, MD, PhD
Where: Division of Social & Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University When: February 20, 2020
Abstract:
Social and transcultural psychiatry, understood as a systemic understanding of historically and culturally situated relationships, the social determinants of health and their cognate approaches and studies, now compel psychiatry to consider the political. This seminar argues against the Western dichotomy since Aristotle of natural and political, private and public life, allowing the state to politicize biological life, creating a “biopolitics,” employing Giorgio Agamben’s historical-philosophical investigations. We will examine two figures in 20th century psychiatry – Frantz Fanon and Franco Basaglia – in their call for revolution and reform in psychiatry and society and contrast their positions with the political uses and abuses of psychiatry including Didier Fassin’s critique of humanitarian reason and Martin La Roche’s call for therapeutic activism. Finally, we conclude on the implications for a new politics and a new psychiatry.
Keywords: Social and transcultural psychiatry, activism, politics, political activism, biopolitics, potenza/impotenza, potentiality/impotentiality
1. SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF PEACE,SOCIETY FOR THE STUDY OF PEACE,
CONFLICT, AND VIOLENCE:CONFLICT, AND VIOLENCE:
The Division of PeaceThe Division of Peace
Psychology, established withinPsychology, established within
the American Psychologicalthe American Psychological
Association (APA) in 1990, is aAssociation (APA) in 1990, is a
growing organization consistinggrowing organization consisting
of psychologists, students, andof psychologists, students, and
professional affiliates fromprofessional affiliates from
diverse disciplines.diverse disciplines.
www.peacepsych.orgwww.peacepsych.org
11
PEACE PSYCHOLOGY DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
2. 22
The specific goals of the Peace Division are:The specific goals of the Peace Division are:
1) to encourage psychological research, education, and1) to encourage psychological research, education, and
training on issues concerning peace, nonviolent conflicttraining on issues concerning peace, nonviolent conflict
resolution, reconciliation, and the causes, consequencesresolution, reconciliation, and the causes, consequences
and prevention of war and other forms of destructiveand prevention of war and other forms of destructive
conflict;conflict;
2) to provide an organization that fosters communication2) to provide an organization that fosters communication
among researchers, teachers, and practitioners who areamong researchers, teachers, and practitioners who are
working on peace issues; andworking on peace issues; and
3) to apply the knowledge and the methods of3) to apply the knowledge and the methods of
psychology in the advancement of peace, non-violentpsychology in the advancement of peace, non-violent
conflict resolution, reconciliation, and the prevention ofconflict resolution, reconciliation, and the prevention of
war and other forms of destructive conflict.war and other forms of destructive conflict.
3. Causes of ConflictsCauses of Conflicts
Limited Resources (time, money,Limited Resources (time, money,
property)property)
Unmet Basic Needs (security, identity,Unmet Basic Needs (security, identity,
material necessities, self-determination)material necessities, self-determination)
Clashing Values (freedom versus equality)Clashing Values (freedom versus equality)
Beliefs (chosen people)Beliefs (chosen people)
Ideologies (capitalism versus communism)Ideologies (capitalism versus communism)
4. Levels of ConflictLevels of Conflict
Intrapersonal or IntrapsychicIntrapersonal or Intrapsychic
(psychotherapist?)(psychotherapist?)
Interpersonal (marriage counselor?)Interpersonal (marriage counselor?)
intragroup (leadership?)intragroup (leadership?)
intergroup (diplomacy?)intergroup (diplomacy?)
interstate (world government?)interstate (world government?)
5. Dealing with ConflictsDealing with Conflicts
NegotiationNegotiation
– Two or more parties working to resolve aTwo or more parties working to resolve a
conflictconflict
MediationMediation
– Parties in a conflict are assisted by a third partyParties in a conflict are assisted by a third party
ArbitrationArbitration
– Settlement imposed by a third partySettlement imposed by a third party
6. Responses to Conflict (psychologicalResponses to Conflict (psychological
results)results)
a. Withdrawing (self-destructive behavior)a. Withdrawing (self-destructive behavior)
b. Dominating (aggression)b. Dominating (aggression)
c. Submitting (depression)c. Submitting (depression)
d. Engaging (healthy)d. Engaging (healthy)
e. Vascillating (anxiety)e. Vascillating (anxiety)
a
b b
c c
d a
7. 77
Nature of ViolenceNature of Violence
Violence – The exertion of physical (Violence – The exertion of physical (oror
psychologicalpsychological) force that harms.) force that harms.
Direct Violence – That committed by identifiableDirect Violence – That committed by identifiable
people on particular victims.people on particular victims.
Structural Violence – Harm that comes fromStructural Violence – Harm that comes from
subtle, gradual, systematized, normallysubtle, gradual, systematized, normally
accepted actions of particular social institutionsaccepted actions of particular social institutions
where responsibility is blurred. (Determines whowhere responsibility is blurred. (Determines who
gets heard, who gets devalued and who getsgets heard, who gets devalued and who gets
resources.)resources.)
Direct and Structural Violence manifestDirect and Structural Violence manifest
differently but are interdependentdifferently but are interdependent
8. 88
Examples of Direct ViolenceExamples of Direct Violence
Hate crimesHate crimes
Ethnic cleansingEthnic cleansing
RapeRape
MurderMurder
WarWar
Police brutalityPolice brutality
9. 99
Examples of Structural ViolenceExamples of Structural Violence
PovertyPoverty
UnemploymentUnemployment
Discrimination (Racism, sexism, etc.)Discrimination (Racism, sexism, etc.)
Poor health care, schools or housingPoor health care, schools or housing
Racial profilingRacial profiling
Corrupt political systemCorrupt political system
Poor accountability for misuse of powerPoor accountability for misuse of power
10. 1010
Moral ExclusionMoral Exclusion
Morals- Norms, rights, entitlements, obligations,Morals- Norms, rights, entitlements, obligations,
responsibilities and duties that shape our senseresponsibilities and duties that shape our sense
of justice and guide our behavior with others.of justice and guide our behavior with others.
Moral Community- Those we value inside ourMoral Community- Those we value inside our
“scope of justice”, family, friends, compatriots“scope of justice”, family, friends, compatriots
and coreligionists. “US”and coreligionists. “US”
Morally Excludable- Strangers outside our scopeMorally Excludable- Strangers outside our scope
of justice and enemies. “THEM”of justice and enemies. “THEM”
11. 1111
Psychological Bases for MoralPsychological Bases for Moral
ExclusionExclusion
Tendency to exclude is fostered by normalTendency to exclude is fostered by normal
perceptual tendencies:perceptual tendencies:
1.1. Social categorizationSocial categorization
2.2. Evaluative judgmentsEvaluative judgments
3.3. Fundamental attribution errorFundamental attribution error
4.4. Self-serving biasesSelf-serving biases
5.5. Zero-sum thinkingZero-sum thinking
6.6. Attributive projectionAttributive projection
7.7. Just world thinkingJust world thinking
12. 1212
To Foster Social Justice:To Foster Social Justice:
1.1. Welcome open dialogue and critique.Welcome open dialogue and critique.
2.2. Establish procedures that keep communicationEstablish procedures that keep communication
channels open during increased conflict.channels open during increased conflict.
3.3. Value pluralism and measured acceptance ofValue pluralism and measured acceptance of
the different.the different.
4.4. Be alert to symptoms of moral exclusion.Be alert to symptoms of moral exclusion.
5.5. Challenge injustice constructively.Challenge injustice constructively.
13. 1313
Recommended ReadingRecommended Reading
Christie, D.J., Wagner, R.V. and Winter, D.D. (Eds.), 2001.Christie, D.J., Wagner, R.V. and Winter, D.D. (Eds.), 2001. Peace, Conflict,Peace, Conflict,
and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21stst
CenturyCentury. Upper Saddle River,. Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.NJ: Prentice Hall.
Deutsch, M. and Coleman, P.T. & Marcus, E.C. (Eds.) (2006).Deutsch, M. and Coleman, P.T. & Marcus, E.C. (Eds.) (2006). The HandbookThe Handbook
of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice.of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-San Francisco, CA: Jossey-
Bass.Bass.
de Rivera, J. (Ed.), 2009.de Rivera, J. (Ed.), 2009. Handbook on Building Cultures of Peace.Handbook on Building Cultures of Peace. New York,New York,
NY: Springer.NY: Springer.
MacNair, R.M. (2003).MacNair, R.M. (2003). The Psychology of Peace: An IntroductionThe Psychology of Peace: An Introduction. Westport,. Westport,
CT: Praeger Publishers.CT: Praeger Publishers.
Mayton, D.M. (2009).Mayton, D.M. (2009). Nonviolence and Peace Psychology: Intrapersonal,Nonviolence and Peace Psychology: Intrapersonal,
Interpersonal, Societal, and World PeaceInterpersonal, Societal, and World Peace. New York: Springer.. New York: Springer.
14. 1414
The following psychologists contributed to development of
this PowerPoint presentation: Dan Christie, Joe deRivera,
Eduardo Diaz, and Linden Nelson.
For more information about peace psychology, please visit
<www.peacepsych.org>.
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