Oak is a tree with approximately 600 species that produces acorns. Ganoderma root rot is a fungal disease of oak caused by the fungus Ganoderma applanatum. It causes slow growth, dying branches, and yellow or small leaves. Eventually, the tree will fall over due to root decay. Bacterial leaf scorch is a bacterial disease caused by Xylella fastidiosa that browns the edges of oak leaves and can kill entire branches or trees. Sudden oak death is a disease caused by the oomycete Phytophthora ramorum that kills entire oak trees and was first found in California.
Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) decline is one of the most important diseases of Shisham now a days. There are some causes and drawbacks have been mentioned in the slides.
Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) decline is one of the most important diseases of Shisham now a days. There are some causes and drawbacks have been mentioned in the slides.
Nuevo protocolo de poda del arbolado por Josep Selgaarboricultura
Josep Selga:
Licenciado en Ciencias Biológicas en la Universidad de Barcelona.
Socio fundador y ex-presidente de la Asociación Española de Arboricultura.
Imparte cursos en el Centro Nacional de Capacitación de Ministerio de Agricultura y en el Centro de Formación del Laberinto en el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona
Nuevo protocolo de poda del arbolado por Josep Selgaarboricultura
Josep Selga:
Licenciado en Ciencias Biológicas en la Universidad de Barcelona.
Socio fundador y ex-presidente de la Asociación Española de Arboricultura.
Imparte cursos en el Centro Nacional de Capacitación de Ministerio de Agricultura y en el Centro de Formación del Laberinto en el Ayuntamiento de Barcelona
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
Each technological age has been marked by a shift in how the industrial platform enables companies to rethink their business processes and create wealth. In the talk I argue that we are limiting our view of what this next industrial/digital age can offer because of how we read, measure and through that perceive the world (how we cherry pick data). Companies are locked in metrics and quantitative measures, data that can fit into a spreadsheet. And by that they see the digital transformation merely as an efficiency tool to the fossil fuel age. But we need to stretch further…
Diseases of Bombax ceiba by sagar chaudhary.pptxSagar Chaudhary
Bombax ceiba grows to an average of 20 meters, with old trees up to 60 meters in wet tropical regions. The trunk and limb bear numerous conical spines particularly when young, but get eroded when older. The leaves are palmate with about 6 leaflets radiating from a central point (tip of petiole), an average of 7–10 centimetres (2+5⁄6–4 in) wide, 13–15 centimetres (5+1⁄6–5+5⁄6 in) in length. The leaf's long flexible petiole is up to 20 centimetres (8 in) long.
Huge Red Cotton Tree at Kodungallur, India
Cup-shaped flowers solitary or clustered, axillary or sub-terminal, fascicles at or near the ends of the branches, when the tree is bare of leaves, an average of 7–11 centimetres (2+5⁄6–4+1⁄3 in) wide, 14 centimetres (5+1⁄2 in) in width, petals up to 12 centimetres (4+2⁄3 in) in length, calyx is cup-shaped usually 3 lobed, an average of 3–5 centimetres (1+1⁄6–2 in) in diameter. Staminal tube is short, more than 60 in 5 bundles. The stigma is light red, up to 9 centimetres (3+1⁄2 in) in length, ovary is pink, 1.5–2 centimetres (2⁄3–5⁄6 in) in length, with the skin of the ovary covered in white silky hair at 1mm long. Seeds are numerous, long, ovoid, black or gray in colour and packed in white cotton.
Huge trunk of Red Cotton Tree
Immature fruits of Bombax ceiba in Hong Kong.
The fruit, which reaches an average of 13 centimetres (5 in) in length, is light-green in color in immature fruits, brown in mature fruits.
DOWNY MILDEW FUNGI GENERA INCLUDES BREMIA AND PLASMOPARA,
Downy mildew fungi are plant pathogens that cause significant damage to a variety of crops, including grapes, cucumbers, lettuce, and onions. These fungi thrive in cool, moist environments and can spread rapidly through a field, causing devastating losses for farmers.
This slide deck provides an overview of downy mildew fungi, including their life cycle, symptoms, and management strategies. The presentation begins with an introduction to the various types of downy mildew fungi, including the species that affect grapes, cucumbers, and other crops.
Next, the slides detail the life cycle of downy mildew fungi, from spore germination to the development of lesions on plant leaves. The presentation also explains how these fungi spread from plant to plant and from field to field, and highlights the conditions that favor their growth and reproduction.
The slide deck then goes on to describe the symptoms of downy mildew infection, including yellowing and wilting of leaves, stunted growth, and the development of characteristic downy white or gray spores on the undersides of leaves.
Finally, the presentation offers practical tips and strategies for managing downy mildew fungi, including cultural control measures such as crop rotation and sanitation practices, as well as chemical control methods such as fungicides.
Overall, this slide deck provides a comprehensive overview of downy mildew fungi and their impact on agricultural crops, as well as practical strategies for preventing and managing these devastating plant pathogens.
Bioeradication:research and insights on five common invasive plants in centr...Richard Gardner
This presentation will discuss the effects of native organism systems on five common invasive non-native plants, i.e. bioeradication. Research over the last several years has shown that native organism systems are beginning to eradicate various invasive non-native plants from local ecosystems in central Pennsylvania and nearby states. This is very different than the magic bullet approach of biocontrol in that it relies on mutualistic native systems instead of a single non-native organism. The concept is based on Darwinian evolution over the (extended) period of time it takes a system to develop. Naturally, this approach is slower than biocontrol. However, instead of “control” with all the potential consequences of introducing another non-native into an ecosystem, the goal is extinction of the target non-native with lower ecosystem risk and lower negative environmental impact.
PESTS OF CLOVE , STEM BORER AND SCALE INSECT, ITS MANAGEMENT, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, CHEMICAL CONTROL, CULTURAL CONTROL, MECHANICAL CONTROL, SPICES, ALLAHABAD AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY, SHUATS, SHIATS,
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. OAK:
Oak is a tree or a shrub and
have approximately 6oo species.
It have spirally arranges leaves with lobate
margins in may species .some have entire
leaves. Single oak produces male and
female flowers. Fruit is nut like acorn borne
in a cup like structure called cupules which
have one seed and rarely 2 or 3 seeds.
3. Uses:
1) It is used for construction of furniture.
2) Its bark is also rich in tannin and used for
tanning leather.
3) bark of this tree is also used in making
wine stoppers ( cork ).
4) Oak tree produces acorn which is use to
flaver the coffee
4. 5) Oak have also medical application. White
oak is use in creams because it contain zinc,
calcium, iron and vitamin B12.
Tea made from white oak has also been
used in curing gallstones and kidney stones.
5. DISEASES OF OAK PLANT
FUNGAL DISEASE:
GANODERMA ROOT ROT:
Ashelf like
fruiting structure form singly on the base of
the tree or near the soil line. It is brown or
reddish brown on the top with the cream or
white margin. The white portion appear to
have been varnished. The underside of the
6. shelf Is light colored with tiny pores in
which spores are present . It is also
called artist's conk.
Spores Ganoderma
9. Causative agent:
Ganoderma applanatum
SYMPTOMS:
1) infected trees slows growth rate.
2) they have dying branches with small
yellow leaves.
3) Trees affected by fungus rot may
exhibit yellowing, wilting, or
undersized
10. leaves and dead branches.
4) The first visible sign of infection is
often the formation of fruiting bodies
on the lower trunk and exposed root
areas.
Trees fall due to severe decay of roots
11. SPORES : ( 4.5-6µm)
Spores are oval in shape and brown in
color.
ODOUR / TASTE :
Amashroomy odour and bitter taste.
SEASON :
Perennial but releasing spores in late
summer and autumn.
12. HOSTS:
1) oak
2) maple
3) apple
4) elm
5) willow
GANODERMAAS A HOST:
a fungus called forked fungus beetle
feed on it. This fungus is edible but due to
its bad taste its not eaten by humans.
13. Management:
1) Although it may require several year for
the tree to die.And infected tree possess a
hazard.Atree with fungal fruiting structure
on it should be removed it.
2) Also remove the cutted parts of the tree
as it contain the spores which may infect the
healthy trees.
14. GANODERMA LIFECYCLE:
1) Spores released during summer humid
period.
2) Spores infect open wound of the root
and lower trunk.
3) Spores germinate .
4) the conk produce each year.
5) the amount of the decay wood increases
year after year resulting in the soft spongy
wood, the area where the plant anchor.
16. BACTERIAL DISEASE:
BACTERIAL LEAF SCORCH:
Browning of oldest leaves along their
margin begin in mid to late summer on one
branch or few branches.
Causative agent:
Xylella fastidiosa
- gram –ve bacteria
- rod shape
-genome consist of circular chromosome
and 2 plastids.
17. HOSTS:
X. fastidiosa has a very wide host
range that encompasses over 30 plant
families. Hosts trees include elm,
sycamore, bur, pin, oak, sugar and
red maple, mulberry and sweet gum.
Bur plant pin plant
18. SYMPTOMS:
1) The browning of leaves progress to
include more leaves towards
the end of branches.
2) Branches and entire tree die.
19. 3)Awaxy reddish brown band
sometimes develop between the brown
and green tissues of leaf.
20. DISEASE CYCLE:
The bacterium has been found in a large
number of herbaceous and woody plant host.
Xylem-feeding sharpshooter leafhoppers and
spittlebugs are known to spread the bacterium
in grape , OAK and peach and are believed to
be the vectors . In some hosts, the pathogen
can spread through root grafts.
21. MANAGEMENT:
Oxytetracyclin injections can alleviate
the symptoms the year the tree is injected
but it doesn’t cure the diseased tree.
Symptoms will reappear in the year in
which no injection is given.
22. VIRAL DISEASE:
SUDDEN OAK DEATH (SOD):
This disease kills the whole tree. It
was first discovered in California. It effect
23 species in 12 plant families. E.g.
Ericaceae .
In 2000 the pathogen causing SOD was
isolated was named as Phytophthora
ramoram.
25. SYMPTOMS:
1) The first symptom is red to black color
thick sap bleeding from the surface of the
bark. these are termed as bleeding cankers.
26. 2) The disease can be recognize by the
wilting new shoots, and
older leaves become pale.
After two or three weeks
foliage become brown.
3) In many cases the tree die.
27. MANAGEMENT:
1) Removing of infected oaks.
2) Removing of plant debris.
3) Replanting after removal of infected
trees.
4) One phosphonate fungicide,Agri-Fos, is
registered as a preventative treatment for P.
ramorum