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SAL
Sudipta Sinha presented on the species silviculture of Shorea robusta, commonly known as Sal tree. Some key points: 1. Sal tree is a tropical moist deciduous hardwood species native to southern Asia. It is an important timber species distributed in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. 2. Sal has a taproot system and prefers well-drained sandy loam soils. It is a light demander that relies on overhead light. Phenology includes leaf fall from January to March and new leaf emergence from February to May. 3. Natural regeneration depends on adequate seed production and dissemination as well as establishment of seedlings. Artificial regeneration methods include direct sowing, st
SAL
- 2. PRESENTATOR Name: Sudipta Sinha RegNo: 2009631004 Dept of FES Shahjalal University of Science & Technology Sylhet
- 3.
- 4. SILIVICULTURE Silvics = Theecological study of forest trees. Including life history & general characteristics = The art & science of cultivating forests based on knowledge of silvics.
- 5. Species Silviculture Management ofindividual species applying silvicultural knowledge
- 7. SAL Shorea robusta FamilyDipterocarpaceae The word Shorea comes from the name of Sir John Shore, former Governor General of India
- 8. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Objectof worship among Buddhist & Hindus
- 9. DISTRIBUTION Native to southernAsia Ranging south of the Himalaya, from Myanmar in the east to Nepal, India & Bangladesh In Bangladesh distributed in the Dhaka, Gazipur, Tangail, Mymensingh, and Jamalpur districts, including some patches in the greater Comilla and Sylhet districts ►0.12 million hectares of land ►4.7% of the total forest area
- 10. Fig. 1 Map showingthe distribution of moist deciduous Sal (Shorea robusta) forests of Bangladesh.
- 11. CLIMATIC CONDITION Temperature: mean annual temperature is 26.3oC the average maximum temperature is 27.5oC the average minimum temperature is 18.5oC Average Rainfall: 1000-2000mm
- 12. PHYSIOGRAPHIC CONDITION Bothhilly & flat areas But best in lower slops & in valleys Soli type: Well-drained moist deep sandy loam soil
- 13. FOREST TYPE Tropical moistdeciduous
- 14. GENERAL DISCRIPTION 1. Morphology 2.Physionomy 3. Wood anatomy
- 15. 1. Morphology Leaf : Glabrous& shining Long = 10-25cm Broad = 5-15cm Type: Simple Arrangement: Alternate Shape: Ovate-oblong Base: Cordate Tip: Mucronate Margine: Even & smooth
- 16. Flower : White, pink& pinky cream in colour. Regular,Bisexual, Hypogynous, & Pentamerous
- 17. Fruit : One seeded& winged Seed : Without endosperm & fleshy
- 18. 2. Physionomy ♣ Gragarious ♣Seldom completely leafless ♣ Moderately slow growing ♣ Bole is clear & straight ♣ Crown tends to be round to flat in older ones ♣ In fertile sites height 36-46m grith 3m In infertile sites height 18-30m grith 1.5-2.1m ♣ Bark is 2-5cm thick ♣ Root system : tap root is extended upto 120cm only
- 19. 3.Wood Anatomy Naturally lastingtimber Weight 25-30kg Chemical Composition : Water = 10.8% Carbohydrate = 62.7% Oil = 14.8% Protein = 8% Fibre = 1.4% Ash = 2.3% Diffuse porous Light in colour when freshly cut, & becoming dark brown with exposure Sapwood – Pale grayish or brownish-white Heartwood – Brown or reddish-brown
- 20. PHENOLOGY Leaf fallJanuary-March New leaves appear February-May Flower bud appear February Fruit ripen June
- 21. SILVICULTURAL CHARECTERISTICS Moistdeciduous formation Light demander Complete overhead light is needed Soil pH 4.5-5.5 Higher level of N & K Lower level of P, indicates optimal condition for growth Long & strong tap root
- 22. SILVICULTURAL CHARECTERISTICS Developmentof lateral root system is suitable in sandy or sandy loam soil Medium aged trees are good coppicer. Very susceptible to drought & frost Young trees are injured by animals Suffers from the attack of Polyparous shoreae.
- 23. NATURAL REGENERATION Success ofnatural regeneration depends on: Sufficient seed production Proper & efficient dissemination Good seed germination Establishment of seedlings in sufficient numbers Two ways : i. From seed ii. From vegetative parts
- 24. Operations for successfulnatural regeneration of SAL : Adequate seed supply Combination of good seed year & timely commencement of monsoon Dense foliaged trees should be thinned out & light crowned species should be retained Soil working Fencing regeneration area Controlled grazing Burning, before a good seed year
- 25. ARTIFICIAL REGENERATION Sal plantationcan be raised successfully by : ❀ Direct sowing of freshly collected viable & fertile seeds ❀ Planting of seedlings in understory ❀ Dona planting ❀ Poly pot plants ❀ Basket plants ❀ Stump planting ❀ Vegetative propagation Best time - Rainy season Caution: Before planting, fresh or undecompised leaves of SAL must be removed from the planting spot.
- 26. DISEASES Root diseases: Root rot- Polyporus shoreae Root collar – Sebacina alutacea Stem diseases: heart rot – Hymenopchaete rubiginosa Stem canker – Macro-phoma shoreae Leaf spots: Perioconiella shoreae Seed nycoflora: Aspergillus spp.
- 27. USES Important sources ofhardwood timber Leaf plates and leaf bowls can be made from the dry leaves of sal. Seeds are used for fat extraction, which is used in soap manufacturing Used as substitute for cocoa butter in manufacturing chocolates and confectionery. Oil from sal fruit is used for burning in earthen lamps. It is also misused for adulterating ghee. Resin is regarded as astringent and detergent During famine poor people grind the fruit into flour and eat it to ward off starvation.
- 28. That’s all aboutSAL TREE Any Question ???
- 29. Have A GoodDay