Pasture and grassland rehabilitation techniques discussed include: 1) Plowing up and new meadow installation with manure and seeding. 2) Renewing grasslands with over-seeding techniques without plowing, using seeding machines like slot row seeders. 3) Hoof cultivation for pasture reclamation, sowing seed and letting animals tread it in.

1. Pasture and Grassland
rehabilitation improvement
in Mongolia
Johann HUMER
Niederösterreichische Landeslandwirtschaftskammer
Eurasia Pacific Uninet Workshop “Pasture – and Grazing Management II
Mongolia Stat University of Agriculture,
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
2013oct1 - 2013oct4

2. Experiences with Grassland
RENEWING Techniques
of Austria

3. Grassland
RENEWING Techniques
NewNew meadowmeadow installationinstallation
withwith plowingplowing upup
RenewingRenewing / Renovation/ Renovation
withwith Over-Over-seedingseeding
withoutwithout ploughing upploughing up
11
22

4. The two main principles of
Grassland RENEWING
hoof
cultivation
over-seeding
plowing up
methods
only when total loss,
for pest control, reclamation,
sicherer Anlageerfolg
easyer methods

5. Seeding basic techniqiesSeeding basic techniqies
Broadcast sowing
Slot row
seeding
with slot coulter
Classic seed drilling
with disc coulter

6. If good fodder grasses < 50 %
NEW PLANTED MEADOWSNEW PLANTED MEADOWS
11
• Soil analysis
pH, PK–soil values  fertilizing plan
• Basic fertilizing: phosphorus & pottasium
• Advantange: cheapest investment
• Manure before seeding (20-25 t/ha)
•Most used technique: plough

7. Plowing up machinery
plow + harrow
Most common new planted
meadow
rotary
harrows
rotor tillers
increasingly successful
cultivator
grubber some successful results
mill-
cutter
Seldom used, expensive,
erosive problems, root weed
problems may come up

8. New planted meadow
with cover crop oat ploughing up
Cover crop oat
at july 2, 1997
ploughing up
autumn 1996,
seeding
springtime
1997

9. Example of a new planted meadow
plowed up and at seeding time
Seeding with
over-seeding
currycomb
„Einböck“
May 7,1997,
Konradsheim

10. Rotor Tiller Seeding
simultaneously plowing and seeding
Rototiller seeding method
Seeding technique for new planted
meadows in one way

11. DISC HARROW + ROTOR HARROW
WITH SEEDING MACHINE

Grassland day, Bromberg, June 30, 2007

Seems to be a little over
dimensioned

12. ROTOR HARROW
Rototiller [RAU] Cultitiller [KUHN]

Suitability

[ by tined wedge ]
 Also for stony soils
 No plow neccesairy
 superior to mill-cutter
concerning soil erosion
and root weeds

13. Tined Wedges
Working tools of a Rototiller

Grasland day

Bromberg
June 30,

2007
Also for
stony soils
by low
Working
depth

14. 
Grasland day

Bromberg

June 30, 2007
satisfactory working image
of a rototiller’s drill

15. BasicBasic knowledgeknowledge on grassland installationon grassland installation
Roller & Cleaning cut
 Rolling
Very important in dry areas
To improve the contact of soil humididty
and sowed seedlings
Important to avoid drying of the seedlings
Cleaning cut
Helps to control quick emerging weeds
about at plant height of 20-40 cm
about 2-4 weeks after seed sowing

16. Meadow improvment
Renewing / RenovationRenewing / Renovation
with over-seeding methodswith over-seeding methods
22

17. Types of seeding methods on
unploughed grassland

18. Standard over-seeding techniques
with grassland currycombs
Einböck
Hatzenbichler
Currently, the most common types of over-seeding techniques

19. umbruchlose Verfahren
Slot row seeder VREDO
Recommended for dry regions to ensure
a safe germination of the seeds
Here: 2-times harrowed before

20. AVP, a strong tines currycomb over-seeding
technique for weed control (Poa trivialis)

Grassland day, Strassburg, May 31, 2008

21. Spin seed spreaderSpin seed spreader
for repeated seedings of small grass seedsfor repeated seedings of small grass seeds

22. Meadow improvment
hoof cultivationhoof cultivation
33

23. Pasture reclamation
by hoof cultivation
Method for destroyed pastures
•Grass/legume seeds mixture
•sowed 2-5 days before the end of grazing
•Grazing in summer by cows, calves or lambs
•Animals trodde in the seed
•Application of lime, magnesia and NPK after grazing
•Cost about half as much as ploughing and sowing
•Following spring new green matter should be established

24. Pasture improvement and
reclamation by hoof cultivation
A natural grassland dominated by Sasa paniculata, at 700 m
alt. and of average slope 3.5°, was grazed in summer by cows,
calves or lambs. A grass/legume seeds mixture was sown 2-5
days before the end of grazing (to be trodden in), and lime, Mg
and NPK were applied after grazing ended. Losses in
liveweight were easily restored by grazing on improved
pasture. Reclamation was satisfactory in all treatments, and
cost approx. half as much as ploughing and sowing. In the
following spring, sown herbage was up to 97-5% of total green
matter:
Research on the pasture reclamation by hoof cultivation:
Authors. KIKUCHI, H.; KAGAMI, T.; HORI, K. Book Paper presented at the
9th int. Grassld Congr., São Paulo, Brazilian. 1965 pp. 11 pp.

25. Meadows care after renewing
for stabilizing the success
 Avoid destroying the young sward
 NO grazing of the first growing up
 Weed control by the 1st cut at 15-25 cm high
 Cut it for hay production

26. Austrian fodder crops for meadows & pastures
Perman. meadows mixtures Pasture-mixt. Over-seeding mixtures
Short name purpose A B C D OG PH G H PW Na Ni NiK Past I Na tro Past II
GRASSES
Lolium perenne               
Dactylis glomerata               
Festuca pratensis               
Timothe pratensis               
Poa patensis               
Arrhenatherum ela.               
Trisetum flavescens               
Alopecurus prat.               
Festuca rubra               
Agrostis capillaris               
Cynosurus cristatus               
Festuca arundinacea               
LEGUMES
Trifolium pratense               
Trifolium repens               
Lotus corniculatus               
Trifolium hybridum               
Medicago sativa               

27. Yield efficiency of
reseeded
grassland in Austria
Seedmixture A)
Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, Timothe pratensis, Poa
patensis, Festuca rubra,- Saatgutmischung
Seedmixture B)
Lolium multiflorum italicum or Lolium boucheanum
SCHECHTNER Giselher, Hans NEURURER: Umbruchlose Grünlanderneuerung (1. Teil)
Beratungsservice Pflanzenproduktion Folge 7, 1984, BMLFW

29. ch
1983
Admont, Piber
Bischofshofen
Schnitte: 3, 4, 5 + 6x
kgN/ha: 0,30,60,
90,120
Nachsaat-Saatgut:
Knaulgras,
Wiesenschwingel,
Timothe, Wiesenrispe,

31. DI. J.HUMER
Qualitätsverbesserung von Futterwiesen
Folie - 31
Gumpensteiner reseeding trials on grassland renovation.
Mean of 2 seeding maschines, 2 soils and 3 seed mixtures
with 1 and 2 replications of reseeding 2005 - 2010
Q:Pötsch :2012,
Grünlander-
neuerung,
DAFNE Projekt
10276
https://www.dafne.at
Graphic: HUMER
Jahre
2005 bis 2010

32. Autor

DI. Johann HUMER

Niederösterreichische
Landeslandwirtschaftskammer (1983-2014)

Wienerstrasse 64

3100 Sankt Pölten

johann.humer[et]gmail.com