The document contrasts the past simple and present perfect tenses in Dutch. It provides the forms, uses, and signal words for each. The past simple is used to talk about things that happened at a specific time in the past. The present perfect is used to talk about things that happened in an unspecific time in the past or that started in the past and continue in the present. Examples are given to illustrate the different tenses.

1. Past Simple <-> Present Perfect

2. Past Simple Vorm: Regelmatig werkwoord: werkwoord + ed Onregelmatig werkwoord: eigen vorm (2 e rijtje) Gebruik: Om aan te geven dat iets in het verleden is gebeurd Tijd is belangrijk (vaak tijdsaanduiding in de zin!) Signaalwoorden Yesterday, in 1876, a week ago, last week/month/year Yesterday I walk ed to school

3. Present Perfect Vorm: have/has (bij he/she/it) + voltooid deelwoord Voltooid deelwoord: of ww + ed of eigen vorm (3 e rijtje) Gebruik: Om aan te geven dat iets in het verleden is gebeurd Tijd is NIET belangrijk (het gaat erom dat het gebeurt is!) Signaalwoorden always, ever, never, just, (not) yet, already I have never walked more than 25 kilometres

4. Past Simple <-> Present Perfect Vorm: werkwoord + ed of 2 e rijtje Gebruik: Verleden Tijd is belangrijk (vaak tijdsaanduiding in de zin!) Signaalwoorden: Tijdsaanduiding als: Yesterday, in 1876, a week ago, last week/month/year I saw her three days ago Vorm: Have/has + voltooid deelwoord (ww + ed of 3 e rijtje) Gebruik: Verleden Tijd is NIET belangrijk (wel dat het gebeurt is!) Signaalwoorden: Always, ever, never, just, (not) yet, already I have always been in love with him

5. Past Simple <-> Present Perfect Bevestigende zin: I saw a lion yesterday Vragend (gebruik DID + hele werkwoord!): Did I see a lion yesterday? Ontkenning (gebruik DIDN’T + hele werkwoord) I didn’t see a lion yesterday Je moet ‘did’ toevoegen in vragende en ontkennende zinnen! Bevestigende zin: I have seen one lion already! Vragend (gebruik HAVE): Have I seen one lion already? Ontkenning (gebruik HAVEN’T) I haven’t seen one lion yet! Je hebt ‘have’ uit de zin nodig om vragende en ontkennende zinnen te maken

6. Examples! 1. I … (be) to England twice already! 2. Yesterday John … (drive) his father’s car. 3. Eliza … (visit) her Granny two days ago. 4. I … (walk) to school when I was a teenager. 5. James … not yet … (pick up) the car. 6. Maaike … always … (want) to marry a rich guy!

7. Examples! 1. I have been to England twice already! 2. Yesterday John drove his father’s car. 3. Eliza visited her Granny two days ago. 4. I walked to school when I was a teenager. 5. James has not yet picked up the car. 6. Maaike has always wanted to marry a rich guy!

8. Examples! 1. … you ever … (be) to England? 2. Yesterday John … (not drive) his father’s car. 3. … Eliza … (visit) her Granny two days ago? 4. I … (not walk) to school when I was a teenager. 5. … James already … (pick up) the car? 6. Maaike … always … (not want) to marry a rich guy!

9. Examples! 1. Have you ever been (be) to England? 2. Yesterday John didn’t drive (not drive) his father’s car. 3. Did Eliza visit (visit) her Granny two days ago? 4. I didn’t walk (not walk) to school when I was a teenager. 5. Has James already picked up (pick up) the car? 6. Maaike hasn’t always wanted (not want) to marry a rich guy!