Uso del "Present perfect"

1. Present perfect
Affirmative
S + have + participle
I have arrived
You have arrived
He/ she/ it has arrived
We have arrived
You have arrived
They have arrived
I’ve arrived
You’ve arrived
He’s* arrived
We’ve arrived
You’ve arrived
They’ve arrived
1
Negative
S + have not+ participle
I have not bought
You have not bought
He/ she/ it has not bought
We have not bought
You have not bought
They have not bought
I haven’t bought
You haven’t bought
He* hasn’t bought
We haven’t bought
You haven’t bought
They haven’t bought

2. Present perfect
Interrogative
Have + S + participle?
Have I seen?
Have you seen?
Has he/ she/ it seen?
Have We seen?
Have You seen?
Have They seen?
Yes,
I/you
he/she/it
we/you/they
have
has
have
No,
I/you
he/she/it
we/you/they
haven’t
hasn’t
haven’t
2
I have climbed the Everest.
John has arrived home.
Have you ever climbed the Everest?
John has never learnt French.

3. Present perfect
Present perfect simple (experience)
Affirmative
S + have + participle
Negative
S + haven’t + participle
I’ve been to London (when?)
I’ve never been to London
My sister’s just started a new job
I have already finished my homework
He hasn’t worked in a bank
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
3
Present perfect simple (experience)
Interrogative
Have + S + participle?

Yes, S + have

No, S+ haven’t
Has he worked in a bank?
Have you ever worked in a bank?
Have you finished your homework yet?
Yes, he has No, he hasn’t

4. Present perfect or past simple
4
Have you ever
been to
mexico?
Yes, I have.
I went last
year.
When did you
go there?

5. Present perfect (II)
5
I’ve seen this film
before. (when?)
Good morning.
Could I see Tom Wilson,
please?
I’m sorry, but I’m afraid
he’s left the company.
(still)
Past 1 2 3 4 5 6 now
We have lived here for six monts.
Past Mon Tue Wed now
I haven’t seen Tom since Tuesday.
He’s been to
Paris ⇆
He’s gone
to Paris →

6. Present perfect (III)
6
Could I speak to
Jane, please? I’m afraid she
has just left
Do you want to
taste some
pizza? No, thanks. I’ve already
tasted it.
I keep hitting “escape”, but I
haven’t escaped yet.
Have you payed the bill
yet?

7. Present perfect. Use
• To talk about recent actions.
• “Ann has arrived home.”
• When people asks and talks about their lives.
• “Have you ever been to Australia?”
• “I’ve never learnt French.”
• To talk about something that happened in the past, but we don’t say
exactly when it happened.
• “I’ve seen this film before.”
• For things that happened in the past and have a result now.
• “She’s left the company.”
7

8. Present perfect + Prepositions and adverbs.
• Ever / Never
• Have you ever been to Australia?
• No, I’ve never been there.
• For / Since
• I’ve lived here for six months.
• I’ve lived here since December.
• Just / Already
• They’ve just finished their examination.
• They have already finished their examination.
• Yet
• They haven’t finished their examination yet.
• Have they finished their examination yet?
8

9. Past simple or present perfect
Present perfect Past simple
Martin has bought a new car.
Martin bought a new car last
week.
He has worked there for two
years.
He worked there for two
years.
Have you ever flown on a
plane?
Yes, I flew last summer for
going on holiday.
Where did you go?
I went to Scotland. 9
Past 1 2 3 4 now Past 1 2 3 4 now