This presentation aims to question the Book of Genesis. It focuses in particular on Noah's Ark - primarily because Genesis gives us several specifications (size, cargo, etc.). It is therefore testable. This presentation ask a series of questions and quotes facts too. I forgot to add an important element - Dinosaurs died (extinction) before humans began!

1. Is Genesis credible?

2. Sections…
• Introduction - slide 3
• Noah’s Ark vs Titanic – slide 10
• Ark replica’s – slide 16
• Problems – side 26
• Too many jobs – slide 41
• Building the ark – slide 52
• The Dinosaurs! – slide 62
• The Truth – slide 71
• Morals and beliefs – slide 78
• Conclusion – slide 96

3. 1) Introduction
This section contains
• Who was Moses?
• The Book of Genesis
• Evolution
• The Bible
• Creation vs Evolution
• The aim of this presentation

4. Who was Moses?
Moses is widely considered a prophet in
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, etc.
According to both the Bible and the
Quran, Moses was the leader of the
Israelites and a lawgiver. He is
attributed with writing Genesis, Exodus,
Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

5. The Book of Genesis…
…is the first book of the
Hebrew Bible and the
Christian Old Testament.
Genesis is an account of the
creation of the world, the
early history of humanity, and
of Israel's ancestors and the
origins of the Jewish people.

6. Evolution
Most evolutionists say that
dinosaurs “ruled the Earth” for
140 million years, died out
approximately 65 million years
ago, and therefore weren’t
around when Noah and
company set sail on the Ark
around 4,300 years ago.

7. The Bible…
…gives a completely different view of Earth (and
therefore, dinosaur) history. Creationists say Genesis is
God’s “written word” and must be taken literally. Thus,
the Ark would have to accommodate Dinosaurs!

8. Creation vs Evolution
Creation in this
context is NOT
compatible with
evolution in any way.

9. In this presentation, I aim to show that…
Genesis can NOT be right

10. This section contains
• Why choose Noah’s Ark?
• The Titanic
• Why is this a problem?
• Clean and unclean animals
2) Noah’s Ark vs Titanic

11. Why choose Noah’s Ark?
Because Genesis gives us
precise information about
its size and what goes in it.
It is thus testable…
Why?
Why?

12. How big was Noah’s Ark?
As detailed in Genesis, Chapter 6. One cubit is about 18-22
inches. The Ark was…
Length 300 cubits, breadth 50 cubits, and height 30 cubits.
Taking the lower value of the cubit, this gives it dimensions in feet
of 450 x 75 x 45
The Ark was thus smaller than the Titanic at 850 x 92 x 64

13. The Titanic
…could carry up to 2,435 passengers, and a
crew of approximately 900. This brought her total
capacity to just over 3,300 people.

14. Why is this a problem?
There are approximately 8.7 Million different land animal species
on the earth. If we include both males and females, this number
obviously increases to well over 10 million.
In Genesis 7:2, God gives an additional order — to bring seven
pairs of clean animals and birds and a pair of unclean animals!
Which would increase this number yet again!!!

15. Clean and unclean animals
As detailed in Leviticus 11:3 and Deuteronomy 14:6
• Cud-chewing animals with split hooves could be eaten (cattle,
sheep, goat, deer and gazelle families)
• Camels, rabbits and pigs were considered unclean
Jesus removed this distinction.

16. 3) Ark replicas
This section contains…
• The Ark Encounter
• Ken Ham
• The irony
• Creationist history
• Dinosaurs in Kentucky
• We can discount...
• Johan Huibers
• The Wyoming
• What happened

17. The Ark Encounter
• Is an evangelical theme park located near Williamstown, Kentucky, US
• It contains an Ark the same dimensions as the one detailed in Genesis

18. Ken Ham – creator of the Ark Encounter
• Ham originally intended to have live animals inside the
Ark.
• Zoologists contacted Ham and tried to explain to him
that it was impossible to have a zoo inside the Ark in
the conditions shown to them. The animals would
literally die like flies. Crammed into tiny spaces, waste
coming down on them from the stacks of cages above,
inches away from screaming children…

19. The irony
The Ark Encounter theme park was heavily
damaged during a spell of 40 days rain. The
owners tried to sue an insurance company
over damage caused by it.

20. Creationist history
Remember, many Creationists say the Ark would
have to accommodate Dinosaurs!
Just in case you don’t believe this…

21. Dinosaurs in Kentucky
• The picture on the right is
from Ark Encounter
• The Creation Museum in
Kentucky also claims that
dinosaurs lived alongside
humans and the world is
6,000 years old
• How come humans
survived and the dinosaurs
didn’t?
Passing off nonsense as fact?

22. We can discount…
• There is an ark on the outskirts of Hialeah near Miami in the
USA which includes a veterinarian laboratory, a petting area,
stables, shops and a dining area
• Lu’s ark in China is relatively small and has a restaurant
• The Kentucky Ark had to be built with modern construction
techniques, tools and materials (including steel beams) and
be anchored in a large concrete foundation to be structurally
sound

23. Johan Huibers
• Built two Arks. The first is half-scale (so, doesn’t count). It is
nine meters wide, 13 meters high, and 70 meters long. It was
deemed unfit to navigate and transformed into a museum.
• The second (Johan’s Ark) is 119 metres (390 ft) long, 30 metres
(98 ft) wide, and 23 metres (75 ft) high. It is a replica of Noah’s
Ark in its dimensions. It floats, albeit atop a modern steel
barge apparatus (so, doesn’t count). It was later bought by
Norwegians and called the “Nornen”. It collided with the
Norwegian coastguard because it could not be controlled.

24. The Wyoming
• Size: 450 ft (140 m) overall 350 ft
(110 m) on deck 329.5 ft (100.4 m)
between perpendiculars.
• Could carry 10,000 tons
• Designed to carry coal
• Had six masts
• One of the largest wooden
schooners built (that we know of)

25. What happened…
• Because of her extreme length and wooden construction, the
Wyoming tended to flex in heavy seas, which would cause the
long planks to twist and buckle, thereby allowing sea water to
intrude into the hold.
• The Wyoming had to use pumps to keep her hold relatively
free of water
• In March 1924, she foundered in heavy seas and sank with the
loss of all hands.

26. 4) Problems
This section contains…
• Points to consider
• More points to consider…
• All replicas have failed
• Where is Noah’s knowledge?
• Climate differences
• How did land animals travel?
• Plants
• Indigenous life-forms
• After disembarking
• Sea-based animals
• Problems at sea
• Freshwater fish
• Noah’s age
• Waste disposal
• Dealing with waste
• Navigation
• Travel

27. Points to consider
• On Noah’s trip – there would be many heavier seas
than the ones the Wyoming faced
• Debris and floating dead animals could be an issue.
• When Titanic hit an iceberg, she sank and over 1500
people died. In one year, the Ark would probably hit
many items

28. More points to consider
• The Wyoming needed pumps to keep water out. The Ark was
bigger.
• Pumps did not exist in Noah’s day. So, family members would
probably be on full-time duty paling out water
• The Wyoming could carry 10,000 tons of coal. The Ark
probably carried less weight because 1) it was bigger (and
probably weaker) and 2) Noah’s family were unskilled
shipbuilders

29. All Ark replicas have failed
It has NOT been possible (even with added modern construction
techniques and materials!) to build an Ark that is seaworthy and
that can be safely navigated without modern aids.
This is NOT surprising as the bible does not give any information
on its steering, motor, anchor, compass, navigational techniques
and other nautical requirements.

30. Where is Noah’s knowledge?
Surely, if Noah built the Ark, he would have
passed his shipbuilding knowledge on to his
children and so on, through successive
generations. So, where is it? It isn’t in the
Bible and no one knows what he did or how.

31. Climate differences
• The artic fox, arctic hare, arctic wolf, caribou/reindeer, musk ox, polar bear and many
other land animals typically live in the Arctic
• Dromedary camel, antelope jackrabbit, sand-cat, saiga sidewinder snake and many other
land animals typically live in the Desert. Fennec foxes should only be kept outdoors in
areas that do not go below 68 degrees Fahrenheit.
• The best world zoos would locate these animals in different regions with completely
different climates, temperatures and humidity settings, etc.
• Putting all life-forms together at the same climate would result in a high death rate.

32. How did land animals travel?
• How did a pair of Kangaroos (that only live in Australia) cross
the ocean to get to the Ark?
• Some Creationists claim there was a land bridge between
Australia and the main continent! There is no evidence of one.
How would the kangaroos feed themselves on the bridge? And
when they got to the mainland, how would they navigate across
the continent and find Noah?
• Wouldn’t you need land bridges for every continent?

33. Plants…
• Edelweiss is a small, white-flowered alpine plant that is native
to mountainous European locations such as the Alps
• Plants such as the lotus and water lily, are found in ponds.
• Beachgrass grows in sandy areas.
• Did someone go and collect these plants? How did they survive
the journey to the Ark? How were they fed? Did the Ark have a
greenhouse, soil and fertilizer onboard?
• Someone would need to a very knowledgeable botanist!

34. Indigenous life-forms
• There are many life-forms only found in one country.
• There are now over 190 countries around the world.
• How would you collect them?
• Would you make multiple trips? (especially for plants that need to be
carried)
• You would need regular access to food and water
• You may also need shelter

35. After disembarking…
• How did any of the animals return to their natural habitat?
• Did they get an updated map of the world? (after a massive
flood, the geography of the world probably changed).
• They would also need a sense of direction (in-built compass),
navigational skills
• Dead animals or plant-life killed and dumped by the oceans
would have been too salty to eat. Carnivorous animals would
probably have to eat other animals escaping from the Ark!

36. Sea-based animals
Many Creationists argue that the sea-
animals would not have needed to be
carried in the Ark and thus, swum.

37. Problems at sea
• Massive floods would have caused large waves & dangerous currents.
• Did the sea-animals eat each other? Plant life would have been very
deep down due to the floods. How did herbivorous sea animals
survive?
• How did anything (Noah and sea-animals) know which way to go? Did
they get weather news updates that allowed them to plot safer
courses?
• What about pollution and dangerous debris?

38. Freshwater fish
Most Freshwater fish can not survive in an ocean or saltwater.
The water inside their bodies would flow out their cells, and they
would die of dehydration. Many freshwater fish can not survive in
aquariums either.
There are now over 18,000 freshwater fish species in the world.
This number increases again if we include both males and
females. How is this possible?

39. Noah’s age
According to Genesis 7:6…
“Noah was six hundred years old when the floodwaters
came on the earth”. We are also told later that he died
350 years after the flood, at the age of 950.
Even with modern diets, technology, housing and
medicine, etc - the average age of a man is 76 years old.

40. Dealing with waste
• Carrying excrement and urine by hand would be extremely
unhygienic and result in health issues.
• To clear up this waste, the space between animals would need
to be big enough to pass by unimpeded
• It would have been sensible to have gloves, sanitation liquid,
fresh water, bucket, and a spade to deal with it. Many of these
items were not available in Noah’s day.

41. 5) Too many jobs
This section contains…
• Waste disposal
• Navigating
• Traveling
• Woodworking
• Lumberjacking
• Creating timber
• Vet
• Animal welfare
• Jobs onboard
• Reality check

42. Waste disposal
• Disposing of waste (excrement and urine) would have been a
non-stop job with so many animals on-board
• Disposing it at sea would cause serious pollution and probably
kill off many animals swimming there.
• The alternative is that the Ark had a truly massive storage
space to cope with a Year’s worth of waste. This would cause
major issues (smell, rotting wood, and probably lead to the
death of many animals, etc.).

43. Navigating
The first compass was invented during the Han Dynasty (202 BC
– 220 AD). Compasses did NOT exist in Noah’s day.
Greek academic Anaximander is believed to have created the
first world map in 6th century BC. Maps were NOT very accurate
in Noah’s day. They were unlikely to include information on
where to find Gopher trees or routes to get to them.
They would have to navigate using the stars and travel at night
time. Most animals sleep at night and be resistant to moving.

44. Traveling
Let us say the Ark was built from Teak. Teak is indigenous to Burma,
Laos, Thailand and India, etc. For consistency of thickness and
quality, you would probably harvest it from one area. In other words, 8
unskilled people had to travel to the trees to chop them down.
Noah would probably have to cross uninhabited wild land (Mountains,
rivers, forests, etc) to get it, do so at night-time without a compass,
etc. This is hard even today even with maps and a compass.
He would have to take the animals or the timber with him too!

45. Woodworking
• The Bible says the Ark was made of Gopher wood. We can only
guess what this was. Many people say it was Teak.
• How did Noah know where it was?
• How did he recognize Gopher wood?
• How did he know its water-floating properties?
• How would he know about wood grain?
• A lot of this knowledge was not available in Noah’s day

46. Lumberjacking
The Ark Encounter is life-size. It required 3.1 million board feet
of timber. A full-grown teak tree yields around 10 to 15 cubic
feet of timber. Noah would thus have needed a truly vast number
trees to create an Ark.
Saws were invented 5000 B.C and axes were invented 30,000
B.C. These are basic tools. The sawmill was first built by
Corneliszoon in 1594 and thus, not available.

47. Creating timber
8 people used basic tools to strip the bark and branches
They used basic tools to create 3.1 million board feet of timber
It is hard creating this much timber even with today’s technology.

48. • Insects spread viruses. Viruses infect all cellular life, e.g., dogs and cats can get colds.
• Animal injuries are common, e.g., spraining muscles, tearing a muscle
• Without assistance, wild animals often die if they break a bone
• Wild animals often suffer in captivity because they were meant to be free.
• Animals kept in cages demonstrate stressful behaviours. They pace up and down, bang
their heads on cage bars and cry out as if they are in pain. They often hurt themselves.
• A lot of this knowledge was not available at the time
• With so animals onboard, this would be a non-stop job
Vet

49. Animal welfare
• Gloves, bucket, restraints, cages, disinfectant & a spade would be sensible
to safely remove excrement and urine hygienically and keep animals safe.
• To clear up the waste, animals would need space around them – big
enough for a human to pass by safely
• Sensible to tie carnivorous animal legs/arms together
• Animals need exercise. Keeping them locked in a small space for a year
would lead to health issues
• If you do NOT care for animal welfare on an Ark, many would die quickly.

50. Jobs onboard
• Vet
• Helmsman
• Cleaner
• Zookeeper/animal welfare
• Cooker
• Controlling ballast
• Repairing
• Captain
• Feeding all life-forms
• Keeping debris away
• Waste disposal
• Navigator
• Botanist
• Food management
• Relaying messages to others
• Looking after carnivorous
dinosaurs

51. Reality check
Many of those jobs would be non-stop for a year!
Some jobs would require super-human strength
Some jobs required knowledge that wasn’t available in Noah’s day
There were simply too many jobs for 8 people.

52. 6) Building the Ark
• Where to build?
• Bringing timber
• Bringing animals
• Freshwater animals
• More freshwater issues
• Shipbuilding
• Designing the ark
• The flood
• 40 days!!!

53. Where to build?
There are two obvious choices:
1) You bring the prepared timber to the animals
2) You bring the animals to the trees
Let us examine each choice in a bit more depth…

54. Bringing timber to the animals
Roads and vehicles hadn’t been invented yet. Maps were poor
and compasses didn’t exist. Noah’s family would have to travel
by night using the stars to guide them. A lot of the land at that
time was wild and uninhabited which would make transportation
of 3.1 million board feet of timber from one place to another one
of the worlds greatest super-human feats. Moreover, the animals
at the other end would need to be monitored whilst this was
happening. You would need to make several trips too. No
mention is made in the Bible

55. Bringing animals to the trees
• Sloths’ travel at 0.24 kilometres per hour. They would need carrying!
• The loss of sea ice habitat (from climate change) is the biggest threat to
the survival of Polar Bears. In other words, they would die getting to the
Ark and die being on it too.
• Mules, bulls, cows, donkeys, goats, and cats are disobedient. How would
you get them to travel?
• How would they all cross the wild without loss of life?
• Some animals are nocturnal and others like daytime.
• Many trips required t get every special…

56. Freshwater animals
• Most freshwater fish would die either swimming in the salty sea
or in an aquarium onboard the Ark. But over 18,000 species of
Freshwater fish live today. How is this possible?
• The Baikal seal only lives in freshwater (in Lake Baikal in
Siberia). They are primarily piscivores (fish eaters). Logically,
therefore freshwater and food sources, would need to be on the
ark for them to survive. How did they survive?

57. More freshwater issues
• Water (and disinfectant) would have been needed to clean the
area where excrement and urine fell to stop a wooden boat
rotting.
• All animals and plants require fresh water to drink to live, etc.
Many animals last for 3 to 4 days without water. This can be
extended by about 2 or 3 days by drinking urine. All animals
(including Camels and Kangaroo rats) would probably be dead
with a month.
• All lifeforms require it to live!

58. Shipbuilding
Wooden boat construction is a multi-step process.
• Designing? There is no evidence of ship design in Noah’s day.
• Caulking? A process of that makes the hull watertight. The Caulkery family
name was found in the USA in 1880.
• Shaping the wood? The Romans could make planks. There is no evidence
of it in Noah’s day
• Joinery was invented in the 13th Century
• Shipbuilding had started by the time of Noah – it was in its infancy and yet,
he built a boat that is better than any built so far!

59. Designing the Ark
The Ark would have needed to be designed carefully to ensure it
was seaworthy for a year. It makes sense to…
• plan for waste disposal, freshwater and animal welfare, etc.
• understand caulking, shaping wood, and joinery (before they
were invented!)
• Treat wood to keep it seaworthy and so on. (This knowledge
probably wasn’t around at the time)

60. The Flood
Genesis tells us that “For 40 days the flood kept
coming on the earth. As the waters rose higher,
they lifted the ark high above the earth”.
If this were true, a vast proportion (if not all) of the
earth was covered in water…

61. 40 days!!!
That is a truly huge amount of water. Where did it
come from? And where did all the water go? It
didn’t just evaporate (because it would then
condense and fall as rain!)
You would need an incredibly strong Ark

62. 7) The dinosaurs!
• Dinosaurs
• The Allosaurus
• Tyrannosaurus Rex
• Carnivorous dinosaurs
• A sensible rule
• But doing this means…
• Growth rates
• A great biologist

63. Dinosaurs
• It is estimated that there were between 300 to 700 species of
Dinosaur and of course, you would need both a male and
female to be on-board.
• Dreadnoughtus was probably the largest ever dinosaur. It had a
total length of roughly 26 meters (about 85 feet) and an
estimated mass of 59 metric tons (about 65 tons). They were
between 6 to 7 metres tall.
• The safest way to include them on an Ark is to find newly born

64. The Allosaurus
• Was the most dangerous dinosaur and was the undisputed king
of all land creatures at its time.
• A mature Allosaurus had a bite force of about 3,572.56
Newtons.
• The safest way to include them on an Ark is to find newly born

65. Tyrannosaurus rex
• Was the strongest dinosaur. A mature adult had a bite force of
almost 35,000 newtons – the equivalent of three small cars!
• To put this in context, a human has a bite force of about 300
newtons.
• Humans would NOT stand a chance against a fully grown one
(yet alone two!)
• The safest way to include them on an Ark is to find newly born

66. Carnivorous dinosaurs
•There were over 100 different kinds of
carnivorous dinosaur
•The safest way to include them on an Ark is
to find newly born

67. A sensible rule
Find newly born males and females
Why? It reduces the weight of the Ark substantially. It reduces
the amount of food needed for a year, fresh water required,
space needed to house them (the animals will grow), strength of
cage cells needed (and thus weight), likelihood of uncontrollable
aggressive behaviour (T. Rex), and the amount of waste disposal
regularly, the amount of cleaning required, etc.

68. But doing this means…
Someone would have to know the gestation periods of almost
every large land-based animal on the earth. This kind of
information was not available at the time. They would also need
to know how to assist in giving birth, etc.

69. Growth rates
The record for the fastest growth in dinosaurs goes to
Apatosaurus. It could gain 33 pounds each day. In a year, one
could gain the weight of a school bus!
A single hatchling T. Rex would be the size of a cat. Yet it grew
into a 42-foot-long adult that weighed about 6 tons and stood
over 13 feet tall. A baby T. Rex would eat the equivalent of a
human every two days or so. That is a lot of meat!
To survive one year on an Ark with newly born dinosaurs is
unlikely – their growth rates would demand a vast food supply.

70. A great biologist
To find newly born males and females…
• Someone would have to be an expert and get the animals to
procreate at the right time (without getting eaten or hurt!)
• And stop carnivores eating them
• Someone would need to know growth rates (how big animals
would be after one year) – to create adequate spaces for them.
This information wasn’t available at the time.
• This information is essential in order to keep the cages small –
and thus increase the number of animals onboard

71. 8) Reflection
• Ark study by the University of Leicester
• More problems with the Kentucky Ark
• How humans progress
• Procreation
• Not enough manpower
• More issues

72. Ark study by the University of Leicester
For their study, students settled on a cubit being 48.2cm long (19
inches) and found the ark could support the weight of 2.5 million
sheep. They stated that the Ark could have floated with two each of
35,000 species of animal. The students rightly said it was unclear if all
these animals would fit on board.
But - God insisted on 7 pairs of clean animals, etc! Sheep are
relatively docile compared to carnivorous dinosaurs! They represent a
small constant “average” which isn’t realistic – due to growth.

73. More problems with the Kentucky Ark
• Look at the height and
size of the cubicles –
Newly born are essential
• Rather curiously, the
Kentucky Ark had to be
filled with animatronics.
Animals were NOT
permitted.

74. How humans progress
• We progress by making mistakes. We then
correct the mistakes and then design/make a
better version. We eventually pass on to our
children the most refined knowledge we have
accumulated.
• The latest and best designs, strongest tools made
with the best techniques and best practices are
thus, passed on the next generation.

75. Procreation
• Someone would need to be a vet and know all about midwifery
• Drugs hadn’t been invented yet.
• Sterilizing equipment would be useful to reduce infections. Sterilizers
were invented in 1887.
• Even if Noah could theoretically get only newly born animals onboard
the Ark, some would be ready to procreate within a year.
• There are two obvious ways to stop procreation onboard: restraint or
separation. Someone would have had to understand these issues and
plan to ensure success

76. Not enough manpower
Even if Noah was the greatest ever superman, he would probably
spend all day looking after a few carnivorous dinosaurs. It simply isn’t
possible to look after the 200 newly born dinosaurs. You would also
need a captain, a helmsman (to spot dangers), several people to cook,
several people to remove waste (non-stop job), at least one or two
people to remove water (non-stop job), several people to feed animals
(non-stop job), at least one carpenter to mend damage to the boat,
several people to keep other animals calm (non-stop job), people to
stop ballast swinging (momentum), someone to stop external items
from hitting the Ark (the huge flood would cause mayhem) and no-one
could ever get any sleep because many animals were nocturnal! And
they would do this non-stop for a year!!!

77. More issues…
• Some dinosaurs grew too quickly and would be too dangerous for an Ark
• A baby T. Rex would probably cause mayhem
• Even if Noah and his family were supermen/women working 24 hours a
day non-stop for a whole year, they would still be massively short-staffed
• Without freshwater all lifeforms die. Humans can last a few days without
water. Drinking urine extends life by about three days at the most.
• Waste is impossible to deal with – something would die (animals on-board
or animals in the sea)
• The Ark would probably flex, leak & sink. There is no evidence to the
contrary.

78. 9) Morals and beliefs
• Many Creationists say
• So, let us assume it is true
• Moral issues
• More moral issues
• What was the point?
• Tower of Babbel
• Have you read it?
• A curious form of solipsism?
• Many concepts of heaven
• Different heavens
• They can’t all be right!
• Who does God support?
• Denominations and sects
• Is it coincidental?
• Hell
• Questions
• Stopping catastrophes

79. Many Creationists say
It was ‘Gods word’ and therefore, it
happened! – but where is the evidence? It
is like claiming that Carl Sagan’s all-
powerful invisible Dragon1 exists. You
can’t sense it – but it is there!
(1: “There’s a dragon in my garage” from “The Demon-Haunted World”, published in 1995/1997, written by Carl Sagan)

80. So, let us assume it is true…
(even though it can’t be!)
There would still be major issues…

81. Moral issues…
• According to Genesis, God spares Noah and his family, along with
many land-based animals and birds.
• So, God uses Mass genocide to kill all the other humans and animals
left behind. What did the animals do to deserve so much death?
What did babies and young children do to deserve so much death?
• Surely a verbal warning would have been better!

82. More moral issues
• Wasn’t the whole point of the Genesis story to somehow teach
mankind about their wickedness?
• Mass genocide is probably the worst sin of all! – For which many
Americans get put on Death Row and executed. So, in the spirit of
fairness, shouldn’t we execute this “God” too?
• Not only that, but the survival of mankind depends on Noah's
children having incest (a major sin). Incest typically leads to genetic
abnormalities. How does that make God or mankind better off?

83. Tower of Babbel
• Reference Genesis 11:1-9. God made the people speak many
different languages so they could not work together on building
the city and the tower.
• If this was true, “God” had the power to change peoples’ minds
– so, instead of causing a mass genocide, he could have simply
made people good!

84. What was the point?
• Most modern-day secular humans have significantly better morality
than the Old testament “God”.
• Why would anyone want to worship a cruel and morally bankrupt
“God” that greatly increases the probability of genetic abnormalities
occurring in the world?
• You are better off believing in yourself. At least this way, you are
responsible for your own actions and can encourage healthy habits

85. A curious form of solipsism?
• Scientists estimate that there are 400 billion Milky Way stars’, and
they contain 1-to-10 trillion orbiting planets
• Your God just happened to pick one planet to support: Earth!
• Scientists estimate Earth has had over 10 million different species
living on it at one stage or other
• Your God just happened to support one: Humans!
• Your God had a son who took human form! That is handy!!

86. Many concepts of heaven
• Many ancient men worshipped the sun and/or the sky
• 3,000-2,000 years BC, in China, bi-discs (found in Museums
worldwide) show they had beliefs like heaven
• 2600 years BC, in Ancient Egypt, Aaru was a heavenly paradise
where Osiris ruled
• The Chinese bi-discs and Egyptian Aaru prove that a concept of
“heaven” existed a long time before Jesus arrived

87. Different heavens
• Did you know that the three Abrahamic faiths (Christianity, Islam and
Judaism) all have a version of heaven.
• In Judaism, Shamayim is the dwelling place of God and other heavenly
beings. In Islam, Jannah is the heavenly paradise and only believers get
to go there after-life. (Does that sound familiar?)
• Nowadays, some Hindus and Buddhists also believe in a heaven too.
Zoroastrianism has a heaven too...
• These heavens have different operational definitions, etc.

88. The Bible refers to three!!!
• The first heaven is the one (reality) we see with our natural eyes. The second
heaven is where Satan has his throne and the fallen angel's dwell (unholy dark
realm). The third heaven is where God has his throne (celestial kingdom) and
rules and reigns over the universe.

89. They can’t all be right!
• Pope Francis assured atheists, “You don’t have to believe in
God to go to heaven”
• According to John (14:6), Jesus said, “I am the way, the truth,
and the life. No one can come to the Father except through
me.”
• In Islam, non-Muslims who live a pious life and have never
heard of Islam or have a minimum knowledge of Islam will, at
God's will, go to heaven.
• Stephen Hawking said, "There is no heaven or afterlife for
broken down computers; that is a fairy story for people afraid of
the dark."

90. Who does God support?
• There are over 10,000 different faith systems (Hindi, Islam, etc.)
• But obviously Christians believe they have the one true faith!!!
• Holy war is a basic ingredient for Judaism, Christianity, Islam,
Hinduism, and Buddhism!
• So, if two of them fight each other, who does God support?
• Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs both claim that the Holy
Land is theirs.
• God doesn’t appear to have stopped any ‘religious’ fighting

91. Denominations and sects
• Different denominations and sects can’t even agree on what
“Gods” true word is!
• Surely an all-powerful God could easily tell devout followers
which one is correct? Yet again, this complete lack of
definition results in millions of people disagreeing – leading
to violence as we see time and time again.

92. Is it coincidental?
• The three Abrahamic faiths were all started at a time when the
Romans were trying to take over the world. The silk road was
already a well-known route. So, people from China and Egypt
would have traveled to do business and thus, spread their
ideas.
• The Romans were well-trained soldiers with technologically
advanced weaponry (for the time), etc.
• Faith encouraged followers to be unafraid of the death caused
by Romans. The reward being an after-life only for the pious.

93. Hell
Christopher Hitchens said, “There’s no Hell mentioned in the Old
Testament. The punishment of the dead is not specified there. It’s
only with gentle Jesus, meek and mild, that the idea of eternal
torture for minor transgressions is introduced.”
In other words, Jesus invented ‘hell’. Is that reasonable?

94. Questions…
• If Christopher Hitchens is right, Jesus may have adopted the idea of
heaven. It would encourage resistance to the Romans.
• I think, Heaven was an idea stolen from the Chinese and the Egyptians
• Peter Sutcliffe, the Yorkshire Ripper (Mass Murderer), famously claimed he
was given his mission to kill prostitutes from God Himself - and that he was
close to being taken into the arms of Jesus! President George W. Bush
said that God was on his side!
• If there were a Christian heaven, would you really want to be surrounded
by these people?

95. Stopping catastrophes
Millions of jews died in the holocaust and many of
them were devout God believers. Sam Harris said,
“Either God can do nothing to stop catastrophes
like this, or he doesn't care to, or he doesn't
exist. God is either impotent, evil, or
imaginary. Take your pick and choose wisely.”

96. 10) Conclusion
• Summary so far
• In contrast
• Scientific evidence
• The Ten Commandments
• So, which is more likely?
• Faith vs Science
• Science may not
• Conclusion
• Secular morality
• Thanks

97. Summary so far…
Great knowledge, incredible strength, amazing herding skills, understanding
gestation periods, in depth veterinary knowledge ( at a time it didn’t exist!),
transporting either wood or animals across wild uninhabited territory
(without maps or compasses), getting animals across oceans, getting many
animals to leave their natural environments and go to ones that they would
not want to go to, acquiring indigenous species from across the world, living
at one climate, navigating without a compass or a map, looking after animals
for a year without carnage, having an inbuilt intuitive knowledge of all the
worlds animals (checklist of animals to put onboard), how to stop
procreation, how to disinfect a boat, how to live to 950 years old, how to
resolve important issues (freshwater, waste disposal, what animals eat/drink
for a whole year, storage) and how to build an Ark that is better than any
built so far. And getting everything right first time, without any hitches, sail
the worlds toughest floods and everything survived!

98. In contrast…
Modern shipbuilders now have access to world-wide
knowledge via the internet. They can network with highly
knowledgeable experts, use computers to test simulations and
have access to the latest building techniques, etc. They have
access to roads, trucks, cranes, sawmills, and so on. And they
still can’t make a replica ark that floats – let alone fill it with
animals (deemed a health hazard by most zoologists)

99. Scientific evidence
No scientific evidence has been found that Noah's
Ark existed as it is described in the Bible. More
significantly, there is also no evidence of a global
flood, and most scientists agree that such a ship
and natural disaster would both be impossible.

100. The ten commandments
In the Bible, Mount Sinai is the mountain at which the Ten
Commandments were apparently given to Moses by God.
There were no witnesses. There is no evidence to prove anything
written by Moses. We only have his word. The same is true for
the books his wrote.

101. So, which is more likely?
1) Genesis is the ‘word of God’?
or
2) The words of a man?

102. Faith vs Science
You must make one choice. You must cross an ocean. Do you…
1) Pray to God to get you from one side to the other?
2) Or take a man-made device? (Plain or boat, etc.)
Many creationists do NOT rely on God to deliver their
message. They use man-made technology!

103. Science may not have all the answers…
But this does not mean God is the answer!
It means, we are still trying to find them…

104. Conclusion
“Science will win because it
works”, Stephen Hawking.
Faith doesn’t.

105. Secular Morality
When it comes to sorting out world problems, I suspect that secular
organizations are trusted over and above Religious ones. Here are some
well-known examples to illustrate this:
United Nations, Red Cross, Oxfam, UNICEF, Medecins Sans Frontiere,
Fairtrade Foundation, Friends of the Earth, Amnesty
International, Greenpeace, etc.
Sweden is predominantly secular. Secular morality works

106. Thanks for watching
Created by
Piers Midwinter – Artist and Teacher
https://www.piersmidwinter.com
Legal note:
All images used in this slideshow are courtesy of Wikipedia/Wikimedia and are thus in the public domain.
This slideshow presents my point of view. © Piers Midwinter, 24/12/2022