This document defines and provides examples of different types of adjectives: common adjectives, comparative adjectives, and superlative adjectives. It explains that common adjectives describe a single noun without comparison, comparative adjectives compare two nouns on a scale but not at the extremes, and superlative adjectives elevate a noun to the highest or lowest point on a scale without comparison. It also provides rules for identifying each type based on endings or use of "more" and "most".
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases in the English language, including prepositional phrases, appositive phrases, participial phrases, gerund phrases, and infinitive phrases. It explains that phrases are groups of words that function as a single part of speech and discusses the key characteristics and uses of each phrase type. Examples are provided to illustrate how each phrase functions within sentences.
This document discusses different types of modifiers and provides examples of misplaced and dangling modifiers. It defines modifiers as words or phrases that describe another word, such as adjectives describing nouns and adverbs describing verbs. The examples show instances where the modifier is placed incorrectly, leading to ambiguous or nonsensical meanings. An exercise at the end provides additional sentences for identification of misplaced and dangling modifiers.
An adjective describes or modifies nouns and pronouns. There are several types of adjectives including descriptive, quantitative, proper, demonstrative, possessive, interrogative, indefinite, and articles. Descriptive adjectives provide information about qualities like size, shape, or color. Quantitative adjectives indicate amounts. Proper adjectives come from proper nouns. The document then provides examples for each type of adjective.
Adjective phrases modify nouns and consist of an adjective and other optional elements like determiners or modifiers. They can function as attributive modifiers before nouns or after linking verbs. Adjective phrases can also be modified by adverbs or other determiners. Common examples include "a very slow voice", "heavy rain", and "a cup of hot chocolate". The adjective is the head of the phrase and additional words provide context about the adjective.
This document provides an overview of nouns in 3 sentences:
Nouns can name people, places, things, ideas and can occur as the subject of a clause, the object of a verb, or the object of a preposition. Nouns are categorized by their properties like countability, concreteness and can change form through inflection for number or possession. The document further discusses the different types of nouns like common, proper nouns and the syntax of noun phrases.
The document discusses different types of clauses and phrases in English grammar. It defines clauses as groups of words containing a subject and verb, and phrases as groups lacking a subject or verb. The main types of clauses covered are independent clauses, dependent clauses which can be noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverb clauses. Common phrases include noun phrases, prepositional phrases, adverb phrases, and adjective phrases. Participle phrases, gerund phrases, infinitive phrases, and absolute phrases are also explained.
The content of the material is discussing the type of words, how a beginner learns to differentiate between words. How the words have their function to be used. Feel free to add or missed the material. Enjoy !! English for kids
This document defines and provides examples of different types of adjectives: common adjectives, comparative adjectives, and superlative adjectives. It explains that common adjectives describe a single noun without comparison, comparative adjectives compare two nouns on a scale but not at the extremes, and superlative adjectives elevate a noun to the highest or lowest point on a scale without comparison. It also provides rules for identifying each type based on endings or use of "more" and "most".
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases in the English language, including prepositional phrases, appositive phrases, participial phrases, gerund phrases, and infinitive phrases. It explains that phrases are groups of words that function as a single part of speech and discusses the key characteristics and uses of each phrase type. Examples are provided to illustrate how each phrase functions within sentences.
This document discusses different types of modifiers and provides examples of misplaced and dangling modifiers. It defines modifiers as words or phrases that describe another word, such as adjectives describing nouns and adverbs describing verbs. The examples show instances where the modifier is placed incorrectly, leading to ambiguous or nonsensical meanings. An exercise at the end provides additional sentences for identification of misplaced and dangling modifiers.
An adjective describes or modifies nouns and pronouns. There are several types of adjectives including descriptive, quantitative, proper, demonstrative, possessive, interrogative, indefinite, and articles. Descriptive adjectives provide information about qualities like size, shape, or color. Quantitative adjectives indicate amounts. Proper adjectives come from proper nouns. The document then provides examples for each type of adjective.
Adjective phrases modify nouns and consist of an adjective and other optional elements like determiners or modifiers. They can function as attributive modifiers before nouns or after linking verbs. Adjective phrases can also be modified by adverbs or other determiners. Common examples include "a very slow voice", "heavy rain", and "a cup of hot chocolate". The adjective is the head of the phrase and additional words provide context about the adjective.
This document provides an overview of nouns in 3 sentences:
Nouns can name people, places, things, ideas and can occur as the subject of a clause, the object of a verb, or the object of a preposition. Nouns are categorized by their properties like countability, concreteness and can change form through inflection for number or possession. The document further discusses the different types of nouns like common, proper nouns and the syntax of noun phrases.
The document discusses different types of clauses and phrases in English grammar. It defines clauses as groups of words containing a subject and verb, and phrases as groups lacking a subject or verb. The main types of clauses covered are independent clauses, dependent clauses which can be noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverb clauses. Common phrases include noun phrases, prepositional phrases, adverb phrases, and adjective phrases. Participle phrases, gerund phrases, infinitive phrases, and absolute phrases are also explained.
The content of the material is discussing the type of words, how a beginner learns to differentiate between words. How the words have their function to be used. Feel free to add or missed the material. Enjoy !! English for kids
The document discusses different parts of speech related to verbs including:
- Verbs express actions or states of being. Examples of verbs and their subjects are provided.
- Different verb tenses are explained such as present, past, future, and their uses in sentences.
- Verb terminology is defined including infinitive form, direct and indirect objects, transitive and intransitive verbs, subjects, participles, active and passive sentences, and conjugation. Examples are given for each term.
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They describe manner, time, place, frequency or degree. Common adverbs end in "-ly" but not all do. Adverbs of time answer when, adverbs of place answer where, and adverbs of manner answer how or in what way. It is important not to confuse adjectives and adverbs, as adjectives modify nouns while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
El documento describe los diferentes niveles de estudio de la lengua, incluyendo el fonológico, morfológico, sintáctico, semántico y textual. Explica las partes constituyentes del lenguaje como fonemas, palabras, oraciones y textos, y cómo se combinan en cada nivel para formar la lengua.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of conjunctions:
- Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) join individual words, phrases, and independent clauses.
- Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and indicate the relationship between clauses.
- Correlative conjunctions always appear in pairs to link equivalent sentence elements like "both...and", "either...or", etc.
El documento explica el pretérito pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo. Se usa para acciones pasadas anteriores a otras también pasadas, para hablar de acciones hipotéticas no realizadas en el pasado, y en construcciones condicionales para expresar arrepentimiento o hacer recomendaciones. Además, presenta la letra de la canción "Si no te hubiera conocido a ti" de Conjunto Primavera para ilustrar el uso del tiempo verbal.
The document provides information about prepositions, prepositional phrases, and how to distinguish prepositions from adverbs. It includes activities for students to identify and use prepositions and prepositional phrases correctly in sentences. Students are given examples and definitions of key concepts like prepositions, prepositional phrases functioning as adjectives or adverbs, and pronouns used after prepositions. Songs and review questions are included to help students learn and practice the material.
This document discusses the different word classes in English language. It identifies and provides examples of the main word classes: nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, numerals, quantifiers and interjections. For each word class, it highlights some of their key characteristics and suffixes used to form different types within the class.
This document discusses the comparative and superlative forms of adverbs. It explains that the comparative form compares two things and uses "-er" and the superlative compares three or more things and uses "-est". For regular adverbs ending in "-ly", the comparative uses "more" and the superlative uses "most". It provides examples of adverbs and their comparative and superlative forms. It also notes that some adverbs are irregular and lists those with their forms.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases. It explains that a phrase is a group of words that can function as a sentence but lacks a subject and predicate. There are four main kinds of phrases: noun phrases, verb phrases, adjectival phrases, and adverbial phrases. It provides details on the composition and purpose of each type of phrase.
This English presentation summarizes different types of adjectives. It discusses adjectives of quality, quantity, number, demonstrative adjectives, and interrogative adjectives. Examples are provided for each type of adjective to show how they modify and describe nouns. The presentation concludes by asking if the audience has any questions.
The document defines the 8 main parts of speech in the English language: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It provides examples and brief definitions for each part of speech, describing their grammatical functions and how they are used in sentences.
This document defines synonyms and antonyms and provides examples of word pairs that are synonyms and antonyms. It explains that synonyms are words that mean the same thing, while antonyms are words that mean the opposite. Examples of synonym pairs include big/large and happy/glad, and examples of antonym pairs include hot/cold and happy/sad. The document goes on to list additional synonym and antonym pairs and provides links to online games about synonyms and antonyms for students to play.
The document provides information about adjective clauses:
1) An adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun and includes both a subject and a verb. It usually follows the word or words it modifies.
2) Adjective clauses are often introduced by relative pronouns like "that", "which", "who", or "whom". Relative adverbs like "when" and "where" can also introduce adjective clauses.
3) Adjective clauses add clarity and description to writing but should be used sparingly to avoid wordiness.
This document discusses prepositions and prepositional phrases. It begins by defining prepositions as words that show the relationship between two things, such as location, timing, or direction. Examples of common prepositions like "on", "under", and "from" are provided. The document then explains that prepositional phrases start with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun, known as the object of the preposition. Multiple examples of prepositional phrases are given and the reader is tested on identifying prepositions and prepositional phrases.
This document discusses different types of pronouns in English: subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns, and reflexive pronouns. It provides examples for each type and notes the differences between similar pronouns like subject and object pronouns. The document also includes a short exercise asking the reader to identify the correct pronoun or possessive adjective in various sentences.
Types of Verb | Verbs Forms in English Grammar | Transitive and Intransitive ...Prajnaparamita Bhowmik
Types of Verb | Verbs Forms in English Grammar | Transitive and Intransitive | Modal and Primary #englishgrammar #englishgrammer #learningisfun
For video lesson please click the link below,
https://youtu.be/8mU03GquzEk
Prajnaparamita Bhowmik
Email: prajnabhowmik@gmail.com
Whatsapp No. +91 7797311459
In this lesson, you will learn about English verbs, different types of verbs based on its function - full verb, primary verb and modals; the easy way to recognise them. The difference between transitive and intransitive verb is also referred to here. The five forms of verbs has been discussed with examples. The regular and the irregular verbs, its difference are also shown with lots of examples.
For the tenses of verb in English grammar please click the link below,
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8-qDf33uOjDUk6FvsvhuAoGPik9qgOOs
For subject, object and complements please click the link below,
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8-qDf33uOjBbanTtTCN_bfQR6xAIQw2y
For voice change, active and passive form of verbs please click the link below,
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8-qDf33uOjDJQp0ZS20KV3v2g9jCRCyB
This document provides an introduction to verbs in English grammar. It defines a verb as a word that shows action, state, or event. It then outlines the main types of verbs, including regular verbs, irregular verbs, linking verbs, transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, finite verbs, infinite verbs, infinitives, participles, gerunds, and moods. It also discusses auxiliary verbs as helping verbs used with full verbs.
The document provides an overview of syntax and grammar concepts including:
- The definition of syntax as the rules for combining words into sentences
- The hierarchical structure of sentences from morphemes to words to phrases to clauses and sentences
- The different types of sentences classified by their structure
- The concept of constituents as the building blocks of sentences
- The grammatical categories and functions of constituents including subjects, predicates, objects, and complements
- The characteristics and categories that can function as subjects, objects, complements, and other roles
- An overview of verbs and other parts of speech
Phrases - what are phrases and types of phrasesMaria Sofea
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases. A phrase is a group of words that does not contain both a subject and predicate. There are seven main types of phrases: verb phrases, prepositional phrases, participial phrases, infinitive phrases, gerund phrases, appositive phrases, and adverbial phrases. Each type is defined and an example is given to illustrate how it functions within a sentence.
This document discusses the different kinds of adjectives in English grammar. There are five main types: descriptive adjectives that provide details about nouns like color or size, limiting adjectives like articles and numbers that restrict a noun's scope, demonstrative adjectives like this and that which point out specific nouns, possessive adjectives like my and your that indicate ownership, and indefinite adjectives like some and many that are used as adjectives but don't clearly define quantity. Examples are provided for each type to illustrate their usage.
This document provides instruction on descriptive writing, including using sensory details to help readers visualize experiences. It gives examples of sentences that use sight, sound, taste, smell and touch. The document instructs writers to use vivid words and details, include important specifics, employ sense words, and structure descriptions coherently. Students are prompted to practice descriptive writing and reminded of upcoming assignments.
This document provides information about descriptive writing. Descriptive writing uses vivid language to describe a setting, experience, or object to help readers visualize it using their senses of sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. It discusses using details, vivid words, time or spatial order, and sense words to paint a picture for the reader. Examples are provided to show how different sentences appeal to different senses. The purpose of descriptive writing is to create a vivid picture or experience for the reader.
The document discusses different parts of speech related to verbs including:
- Verbs express actions or states of being. Examples of verbs and their subjects are provided.
- Different verb tenses are explained such as present, past, future, and their uses in sentences.
- Verb terminology is defined including infinitive form, direct and indirect objects, transitive and intransitive verbs, subjects, participles, active and passive sentences, and conjugation. Examples are given for each term.
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They describe manner, time, place, frequency or degree. Common adverbs end in "-ly" but not all do. Adverbs of time answer when, adverbs of place answer where, and adverbs of manner answer how or in what way. It is important not to confuse adjectives and adverbs, as adjectives modify nouns while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
El documento describe los diferentes niveles de estudio de la lengua, incluyendo el fonológico, morfológico, sintáctico, semántico y textual. Explica las partes constituyentes del lenguaje como fonemas, palabras, oraciones y textos, y cómo se combinan en cada nivel para formar la lengua.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of conjunctions:
- Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) join individual words, phrases, and independent clauses.
- Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses and indicate the relationship between clauses.
- Correlative conjunctions always appear in pairs to link equivalent sentence elements like "both...and", "either...or", etc.
El documento explica el pretérito pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo. Se usa para acciones pasadas anteriores a otras también pasadas, para hablar de acciones hipotéticas no realizadas en el pasado, y en construcciones condicionales para expresar arrepentimiento o hacer recomendaciones. Además, presenta la letra de la canción "Si no te hubiera conocido a ti" de Conjunto Primavera para ilustrar el uso del tiempo verbal.
The document provides information about prepositions, prepositional phrases, and how to distinguish prepositions from adverbs. It includes activities for students to identify and use prepositions and prepositional phrases correctly in sentences. Students are given examples and definitions of key concepts like prepositions, prepositional phrases functioning as adjectives or adverbs, and pronouns used after prepositions. Songs and review questions are included to help students learn and practice the material.
This document discusses the different word classes in English language. It identifies and provides examples of the main word classes: nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, numerals, quantifiers and interjections. For each word class, it highlights some of their key characteristics and suffixes used to form different types within the class.
This document discusses the comparative and superlative forms of adverbs. It explains that the comparative form compares two things and uses "-er" and the superlative compares three or more things and uses "-est". For regular adverbs ending in "-ly", the comparative uses "more" and the superlative uses "most". It provides examples of adverbs and their comparative and superlative forms. It also notes that some adverbs are irregular and lists those with their forms.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases. It explains that a phrase is a group of words that can function as a sentence but lacks a subject and predicate. There are four main kinds of phrases: noun phrases, verb phrases, adjectival phrases, and adverbial phrases. It provides details on the composition and purpose of each type of phrase.
This English presentation summarizes different types of adjectives. It discusses adjectives of quality, quantity, number, demonstrative adjectives, and interrogative adjectives. Examples are provided for each type of adjective to show how they modify and describe nouns. The presentation concludes by asking if the audience has any questions.
The document defines the 8 main parts of speech in the English language: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It provides examples and brief definitions for each part of speech, describing their grammatical functions and how they are used in sentences.
This document defines synonyms and antonyms and provides examples of word pairs that are synonyms and antonyms. It explains that synonyms are words that mean the same thing, while antonyms are words that mean the opposite. Examples of synonym pairs include big/large and happy/glad, and examples of antonym pairs include hot/cold and happy/sad. The document goes on to list additional synonym and antonym pairs and provides links to online games about synonyms and antonyms for students to play.
The document provides information about adjective clauses:
1) An adjective clause modifies a noun or pronoun and includes both a subject and a verb. It usually follows the word or words it modifies.
2) Adjective clauses are often introduced by relative pronouns like "that", "which", "who", or "whom". Relative adverbs like "when" and "where" can also introduce adjective clauses.
3) Adjective clauses add clarity and description to writing but should be used sparingly to avoid wordiness.
This document discusses prepositions and prepositional phrases. It begins by defining prepositions as words that show the relationship between two things, such as location, timing, or direction. Examples of common prepositions like "on", "under", and "from" are provided. The document then explains that prepositional phrases start with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun, known as the object of the preposition. Multiple examples of prepositional phrases are given and the reader is tested on identifying prepositions and prepositional phrases.
This document discusses different types of pronouns in English: subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive adjectives, possessive pronouns, and reflexive pronouns. It provides examples for each type and notes the differences between similar pronouns like subject and object pronouns. The document also includes a short exercise asking the reader to identify the correct pronoun or possessive adjective in various sentences.
Types of Verb | Verbs Forms in English Grammar | Transitive and Intransitive ...Prajnaparamita Bhowmik
Types of Verb | Verbs Forms in English Grammar | Transitive and Intransitive | Modal and Primary #englishgrammar #englishgrammer #learningisfun
For video lesson please click the link below,
https://youtu.be/8mU03GquzEk
Prajnaparamita Bhowmik
Email: prajnabhowmik@gmail.com
Whatsapp No. +91 7797311459
In this lesson, you will learn about English verbs, different types of verbs based on its function - full verb, primary verb and modals; the easy way to recognise them. The difference between transitive and intransitive verb is also referred to here. The five forms of verbs has been discussed with examples. The regular and the irregular verbs, its difference are also shown with lots of examples.
For the tenses of verb in English grammar please click the link below,
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8-qDf33uOjDUk6FvsvhuAoGPik9qgOOs
For subject, object and complements please click the link below,
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8-qDf33uOjBbanTtTCN_bfQR6xAIQw2y
For voice change, active and passive form of verbs please click the link below,
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8-qDf33uOjDJQp0ZS20KV3v2g9jCRCyB
This document provides an introduction to verbs in English grammar. It defines a verb as a word that shows action, state, or event. It then outlines the main types of verbs, including regular verbs, irregular verbs, linking verbs, transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, finite verbs, infinite verbs, infinitives, participles, gerunds, and moods. It also discusses auxiliary verbs as helping verbs used with full verbs.
The document provides an overview of syntax and grammar concepts including:
- The definition of syntax as the rules for combining words into sentences
- The hierarchical structure of sentences from morphemes to words to phrases to clauses and sentences
- The different types of sentences classified by their structure
- The concept of constituents as the building blocks of sentences
- The grammatical categories and functions of constituents including subjects, predicates, objects, and complements
- The characteristics and categories that can function as subjects, objects, complements, and other roles
- An overview of verbs and other parts of speech
Phrases - what are phrases and types of phrasesMaria Sofea
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases. A phrase is a group of words that does not contain both a subject and predicate. There are seven main types of phrases: verb phrases, prepositional phrases, participial phrases, infinitive phrases, gerund phrases, appositive phrases, and adverbial phrases. Each type is defined and an example is given to illustrate how it functions within a sentence.
This document discusses the different kinds of adjectives in English grammar. There are five main types: descriptive adjectives that provide details about nouns like color or size, limiting adjectives like articles and numbers that restrict a noun's scope, demonstrative adjectives like this and that which point out specific nouns, possessive adjectives like my and your that indicate ownership, and indefinite adjectives like some and many that are used as adjectives but don't clearly define quantity. Examples are provided for each type to illustrate their usage.
This document provides instruction on descriptive writing, including using sensory details to help readers visualize experiences. It gives examples of sentences that use sight, sound, taste, smell and touch. The document instructs writers to use vivid words and details, include important specifics, employ sense words, and structure descriptions coherently. Students are prompted to practice descriptive writing and reminded of upcoming assignments.
This document provides information about descriptive writing. Descriptive writing uses vivid language to describe a setting, experience, or object to help readers visualize it using their senses of sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell. It discusses using details, vivid words, time or spatial order, and sense words to paint a picture for the reader. Examples are provided to show how different sentences appeal to different senses. The purpose of descriptive writing is to create a vivid picture or experience for the reader.
Teachers have autonomy in selecting course materials but it can be both rewarding and intimidating. Several factors influence the degree of autonomy, including the education system, syllabus constraints, learner culture and expectations, teacher training and experience. There is a need to evaluate materials due to the large number available and to ensure high quality materials that benefit learners. The process of choosing a coursebook involves identifying program aims and objectives, analyzing the teaching context, and shortlisting books using impressionistic evaluation before subjecting the top choices to in-depth evaluation against criteria. Approaches include impressionistic overview and in-depth evaluation, with a combination forming a sound basis.
Charles Hanson and his wife got scared while camping in a Florida state park late one night. They realized the park was too isolated and dark for what they wanted. Many visitors leave parks at night due to getting scared. Different parks in Florida have varying levels of isolation, amenities, and types of environments that appeal to different kinds of visitors.
This document discusses the key components of a computer system. It identifies the main components as hardware, software, and warmware. A computer system performs four main tasks: receiving input, storing information, processing data, and outputting information. The document then examines the components that facilitate these tasks in more detail, including input devices, the processor, output devices, and storage. It provides examples of common input, processing, output, and storage devices and their functions.
This document outlines criteria for evaluating textbooks and other materials for teaching. It discusses evaluating materials in the context of an open market with many options or handed down materials. External evaluation examines claims made on covers and introductions as well as table of contents. Internal evaluation investigates presentation of skills, grading, balance of emphasis and practice, authenticity, and suitability for different learning styles. Overall evaluation considers usability, generalizability, adaptability, and flexibility of materials.
The document provides guidance on designing effective PowerPoint presentations with the following key points:
1) Presentations should be big, simple, clear, progressive and consistent. Text size should be large enough to read from a distance. Slides should be simplified with few words, lines, colors and without unnecessary details.
2) Information should be presented in a clear manner. Contrasting colors and fonts should be used. Visual elements like numbers, bullets, size and focal points can be leveraged to direct attention.
3) The presentation should progress in a focused manner, introducing one concept at a time. Comparisons and elements on slides should be consistent to avoid distraction. Surprises can be used judiciously to
The document discusses different methods and purposes of evaluating educational materials. It describes evaluating materials through piloting, teacher opinions, and student views. Materials can be evaluated pre-use, in-use, or post-use. Evaluation is used to adopt new materials, compare materials, and gain insights to sensitize teachers. Guidelines for evaluation include matching materials to learner needs and level, reflecting how learners will use language, and facilitating learning in a structured way.
This document defines materials in language learning as textbooks, course books, CD-ROMs, DVDs, handouts, charts, and websites that teachers and learners use to teach and learn language. Materials can be informative, instructional, experiential, or exploratory, and commercially produced materials mostly focus on informing learners about language features and guiding practice. The development of materials involves evaluating, adapting, designing, producing, and researching materials to make language learning effective.
The document discusses what constitutes good essay writing. It notes that good essays (1) support ideas with evidence from references and related materials, (2) arrange complex ideas clearly without repetition, and (3) begin with an engaging introduction using simple language and sentences. Additional tips for good writing include rechecking for errors, signifying important points, choosing an interesting topic you have knowledge about, using a clear structure and flow, and following recommended formatting. Factors like an uninteresting topic, lack of background knowledge, and not following a format can negatively impact an essay. Writers should prepare by outlining major points before drafting to effectively convey their ideas.
Materials refer to anything used in language teaching and learning, including textbooks, CD-ROMs, DVDs, handouts, charts, and websites. Materials can be informative, instructional, experiential, or exploratory. Commercially produced materials mostly focus on informing learners about language features and guiding practice. Material development involves evaluating, adapting, designing, producing, and researching materials for language learning.
This document discusses different types of textbook evaluation:
- Pre-use evaluation occurs before a book is used and examines potential performance.
- In-use evaluation happens while a book is being used to monitor newly introduced or aging materials.
- Post-use evaluation provides a retrospective assessment of a book's performance after it has been used.
It also outlines factors to consider for external evaluation of a book's description and claims, and internal evaluation of how language skills, materials, and tests are presented. The overall evaluation examines a book's usability, general features, adaptability, and flexibility.
There are two primary ways to adapt texts: simplification and elaboration. Simplification involves substituting simpler vocabulary and shortening sentences to improve readability. Elaboration aims to clarify and explain implicit information to improve coherence. While adapted texts can increase comprehension, they may prevent exposure to needed vocabulary and structures or remove ambiguity that stimulates learning. The benefits and drawbacks depend on factors like the student's needs and instructional goals.
The document provides tips for creating an effective PowerPoint presentation with key points being to use a large font size of at least 24 points, choose high contrasting color schemes that are easy to read, keep the presentation simple with a light background and dark text, plan the presentation thoroughly, limit text on slides to 6 words per line and 6 lines per slide, use images to communicate ideas rather than just for decoration, and save the presentation frequently to avoid losing work.
The document discusses the roles and advantages of instructional materials, particularly textbooks. Textbooks can serve as resources for teaching materials and activities, references for language skills, and supports for less experienced teachers. While textbooks provide structure and standardized lessons, they also have disadvantages like being inflexible and containing inauthentic language. Ideal textbook use supplements them with other materials to give teachers and students more flexibility.
This document discusses evaluation criteria for English language teaching materials from several studies and sources:
- Rahimpour & Hashemi (2011) evaluate content, physical make-up, and practical concerns. Jayakaran & Nimechisalem (2011) consider compatibility with teaching principles and balance of language skills.
- Tsiplakides (2011) evaluate how tasks contribute to language acquisition and development and how activities progress and vary.
- Inal (2006) lists 11 criteria including relevance of subjects/contents and language, interest, variety, authenticity, and cultural sensitivities.
- Robinett (1978) cited in Yilmaz (2005) considers goals, students, approaches
This document discusses materials evaluation in language learning. It defines materials evaluation as the systematic appraisal of instructional materials to measure their impact on language learning quality. Materials evaluation examines the potential and practicality of materials, and helps teachers determine if materials should be adopted, maintained, or replaced based on their strengths, weaknesses, and how well they meet learner and teacher needs. The document also outlines the purposes of materials evaluation such as adopting new textbooks, identifying issues with current materials, comparing options, and informing teacher training. Both predictive evaluation of potential future materials and retrospective evaluation of past materials use are discussed.
The document discusses the process and approaches for evaluating instructional materials. It describes the selection process as having 7 steps: 1) identifying program aims and objectives, 2) analyzing the teaching and learning situation, 3) finding or designing an evaluation checklist, 4) limiting criteria, 5) creating a shortlist, 6) in-depth evaluation using the checklist, and 7) making a selection decision. It also outlines two main evaluation approaches - impressionistic overview and in-depth evaluation, and notes that combining both forms a sound evaluation basis. Several evaluation methods are mentioned, including piloting materials, gathering teacher and student opinions, and detailed analysis.
This document discusses different types of textbook evaluation:
- Pre-use evaluation assesses potential without experience using the book. It examines potential performance.
- In-use evaluation occurs while materials are being used, to monitor newly introduced or aging books. It assesses suitability.
- Post-use evaluation retrospectively assesses performance of books already used, to decide whether to continue use. It also assesses suitability.
External evaluation examines claims on the cover and introduction, as well as the table of contents to understand intended audience, level, context, and presentation. Internal evaluation investigates skills presentation, grading, practice opportunities, authenticity, tests, and motivation factors. The overall evaluation considers usability, general
Technical English 2 (May 2015) - Reading MaterialSalina Saharudin
This text discusses the principle that individuals should only be compelled or controlled by society through force or social pressure to prevent harm to others, not for their own benefit. It asserts that an individual's liberty can only rightfully be interfered with for self-protection purposes. The only justification for exercising power over someone against their will is to prevent harm to others, as their own good is not a sufficient reason to compel them to act in a certain way or restrain them.
The document provides an overview of key grammatical concepts including parts of speech such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and articles. It defines these terms and provides examples. It also discusses sentences types including simple, compound, and complex sentences.
This document discusses the differences between language and speech. Language involves socially shared rules for vocabulary, word formation, grammar and pragmatics. Speech refers to the physical ability to communicate verbally through articulation, voice and fluency. A language disorder involves problems with understanding or using language, while a speech disorder involves difficulties with producing sounds or fluency. The document provides examples of children with specific speech or language disorders.
There are 8 parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Nouns refer to people, places, things, and ideas. There are several types of nouns including common nouns, proper nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns, compound nouns, collective nouns, gerunds, verbal nouns, and gender-specific nouns. Nouns can also take singular or plural forms and can be in the subjective, objective, or possessive case depending on their use in a sentence.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of modifiers in the English language, including adjectives, adverbs, phrases, and clauses. It explains that adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Phrase and clause modifiers are groups of words that perform similar modifying functions. The document also discusses three types of verbals - gerunds, infinitives, and participles - that can function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. It provides examples of single word modifiers and analyzed sentence structures.
This document provides definitions and examples of parts of speech in English including nouns, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, adverbs, and interjections. Verbs are defined as words that usually indicate an action. Regular verbs are conjugated evenly without modifying the root, while irregular verbs undergo changes in the root or ending. Nouns name people, places, things, and ideas. Adjectives describe nouns, and prepositions indicate relationships between other words. Conjunctions connect words and phrases. Pronouns replace nouns, and adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Interjections convey emotion and are followed by an exclamation point.
The document provides examples and explanations of different types of phrases and clauses in English grammar, including noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositional phrases, adjective clauses, adverb clauses, and more. It defines what each type is and provides illustrative examples with explanations of the function of each phrase or clause in the example sentences. The course instructor is listed as Mam Ramish Nazir and there are 4 presenters listed for the document: Sandas Ansar, Ansa Ashraf, Hamza Ahmad, and M. Abdullah.
This is an important document for the understanding of English Language in its basic elements as parts of speech. Everyone who is interested in learning more can check this out and see how helpful this might be for his o her classes.
The document provides an overview of English grammar and tips to improve it. It discusses the important building blocks of grammar like nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. It emphasizes practicing grammar through exercises, finding a mentor, and joining a course to improve. Specific examples of different types of nouns and pronouns are also explained.
This document discusses parts of speech in English. It begins by defining what a part of speech is, which is a category assigned to words based on their syntactic functions. The main parts of speech in English are listed as noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Each part of speech is then defined and examples are provided. Types of each part of speech are also defined, such as types of nouns including common nouns, proper nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns, and collective nouns. Classroom activities are suggested for teaching parts of speech as well.
The document outlines the main parts of speech in English and provides detailed information about nouns, including their different forms and how to make nouns plural. It discusses that nouns can be classified as count nouns, mass nouns, or collective nouns. It also explains the different cases that nouns can take - subjective, possessive, and objective - and how possession is usually indicated with an apostrophe + s. The document then provides many rules and exceptions for creating plural nouns, including irregular plurals and special cases for nouns ending in certain letters. It also discusses pluralization of compound nouns, collective nouns, and family names.
1. The document discusses the different word classes in English including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.
2. It provides examples and classifications of each word class. For nouns, it describes common, proper, abstract, concrete, and collective nouns. For pronouns, it discusses personal, demonstrative, relative, reflexive, reciprocal, possessive, and interrogative pronouns.
3. It also gives examples of different types of verbs like main verbs, helping verbs, and linking verbs. Similarly, it provides examples of different types of adverbs like adverbs of degree, frequency, manner, and
This document provides a quick reference guide to parts of speech, including definitions and examples of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It explains the key characteristics of each part of speech and provides tests to identify them in sentences.
Here’s the most precise guide ever on what adjectives are, their usage, and placement. You’ll never make a mistake with using adjectives in your writing ever again.
How to teach (Jeremy Harmer) Describing language فرهنگیان
The document discusses the key elements of language that determine a statement's meaning, including context, grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. It provides examples of how changing these elements can alter a statement's implications. For instance, the sentence "It's warm in here" could be a request to open a window, an expression of satisfaction, or a suggestion to find elsewhere, depending on the surrounding context. Overall, the document examines how language users skillfully manipulate different linguistic components to convey precise meanings.
This document provides definitions and explanations of various English grammar terms across multiple categories, including:
- Parts of speech like nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. Examples and classifications are given for each.
- Other grammatical concepts like tense, voice, clauses, sentences, paragraphs are also defined. Diagrams show relationships between pronouns, adjectives, and parts of speech.
- The document serves as a reference for understanding foundational English grammar. It aims to explain terminology in a clear and accessible manner through examples and classifications. References are provided at the end for further reading.
There are 8 parts of speech in English: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Nouns are words that name people, places, things or ideas. Pronouns are used in place of nouns. Verbs express actions or states of being. Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Prepositions link nouns, pronouns and phrases. Conjunctions connect words and phrases. Interjections express emotion.
This document provides information about parts of speech. It defines the eight parts of speech as noun, verb, pronoun, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Examples are given for each part of speech to illustrate how they are used in sentences. Practice examples are also included for the reader to identify different parts of speech in sample sentences. The summary concisely outlines the key topics and purpose covered in the document in under 3 sentences.
This document provides an overview of the eight parts of speech in English: nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, adverbs, and interjections. For each part of speech, the document defines it and provides examples to illustrate its key characteristics and functions in a sentence. The purpose is to teach the building blocks of English grammar by explaining the different word classes and how they are used.
This document outlines the syllabus for a Technical English II course offered at the Centre of Foundation and General Studies. The course is worth 3 credit hours and will focus on developing students' academic English skills as well as introducing occupational components to prepare them for future studies and jobs. Assessment will include two online tests, assignments, presentations, and a final exam. The lecturer is Murni Salina and the course objectives are to equip students with language skills for effective social, business, and workplace communication and to develop their ability to understand and respond critically to texts and write accurately for academic and occupational purposes. The course schedule provides details of topics to be covered in each of the 14 lectures, including strategies for reading, writing, speaking, grammar
Course Outline Materials Development and AdaptationSalina Saharudin
1) This course outline provides information on a 3 credit course called Materials Development and Adaptation offered through the Department of English at a university.
2) The course aims to evaluate current English language teaching materials used in schools, teach criteria for materials evaluation, and discuss techniques for developing and adapting materials.
3) Assessment includes assignments evaluating and developing original teaching materials, tests, and a portfolio compiling all coursework materials.
This document is a textbook evaluation tool that consists of 6 parts for reviewing textbooks. It includes sections to rate the organization/format, content, teacher's edition/supplementary materials, inclusion/equity/diversity issues, and alignment with district curriculum and state standards of the textbook. Reviewers are asked to rate various criteria on a scale from 0 to 3 to evaluate different aspects of the textbook.
An information system has five key components: people, procedures, software, hardware, and data. The document explains each component in detail - people are end-users, procedures are rules for using the system, software are computer programs, hardware are physical devices, and data is raw unprocessed information. An information system brings together these five elements to convert data into useful information for people.
Course Outline - Materials Development & AdaptationSalina Saharudin
This document outlines a course on materials development and adaptation for teaching English as a second language. The 3-credit course is offered through the Department of English at a Malaysian university. Key elements of the course include evaluating existing teaching materials based on established criteria, adapting materials to suit different student groups and skills, and developing original instructional materials. Assessment consists of evaluating an existing textbook, creating and presenting adapted materials, tests, and compiling a portfolio of class materials. The goal is for students to learn skills in appraising, selecting, adapting and developing materials to effectively teach English.
This document outlines the course details for CPD 2113 TECHNOLOGY IN ELT, including administrative information, learning objectives, course content, assessment tasks, and schedule. The 3-credit course aims to provide knowledge on using technology in education. Over 14 weeks, topics will include the role of technology, software/applications, and developing lesson plans and multimedia software. Assessment includes a group presentation evaluating educational software (20%), a final exam (20%), and a group multimedia software project with presentation and report (40%). The course is intended to help students understand and apply technology in their teaching.
This article describes the development of an English language textbook evaluation checklist. The researchers first reviewed existing textbook evaluation checklists and identified common criteria. They then developed a tentative checklist organized into two main categories: general attributes and learning-teaching content. The general attributes section includes subcategories like relation to syllabus, methodology, suitability to learners, and physical attributes. The learning-teaching content section includes criteria for areas like listening, speaking, reading, writing, vocabulary and grammar. The researchers considered issues of validity, reliability and practicality in developing the checklist. They intend to further refine the checklist through additional research studies. The checklist is intended to help educators evaluate and select textbooks.
The document provides a list of 14 discussion topics across various categories including dating, fashion, food, movies, music, sports, travel, nightlife, news, language learning, and the internet. For each topic, there are 2-4 questions provided, and participants are asked to choose 3 topics to draft responses for each question in that topic. They are also asked to generate their own additional question for each of the 3 topics they choose.
Mosquitoes find humans using carbon dioxide, warmth, and movement. Female mosquitoes require blood meals to develop their eggs. There are four stages in a mosquito's lifecycle - egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Mosquitoes lay their eggs in various standing waters, where the larvae live until becoming pupae and then emerging as adult mosquitoes. Their tiny wing scales help them fly efficiently and make swatting difficult.
Anna is a college senior searching for a job in New York City. Living in the expensive city will be difficult once her parents stop providing money after graduation. She sees an ad for a job downtown that sounds interesting and pays well. Her college counselor tells her she needs to fill out an application, write a resume, and include a cover letter. Anna completes the application materials and sends them in. She receives a call inviting her to an interview, which goes well. The next day, she is offered the job.
The document discusses identifying verbs and adverbs in writing. It defines verbs as words that indicate action and identifies the main types of verbs including helping verbs, verb phrases, modal verbs, and forms of the verb "to be." It also discusses identifying adverbs and their function in modifying verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. The document concludes with an exercise identifying verbs, verb phrases, and other parts of speech in sample sentences.
The document discusses the differences between writing and speech. Some key differences are: 1) Writing is usually permanent whereas speech can be corrected and changed as it is spoken. 2) Written language tends to be more complex with longer sentences and clauses, while spoken language has repetitions and interruptions. 3) Writers can use punctuation, layout and graphics while speech uses tone, volume and timing.
This document discusses different types of writing systems. It begins by dividing writing systems into two main types: alphabets and syllabaries. Alphabets represent consonants and vowels, while syllabaries represent syllables. The document then describes several subcategories of writing systems, including abjads/consonant alphabets, alphabets, syllabic alphabets/abugidas, syllabaries, semanto-phonetic writing systems, undeciphered writing systems, and other communication systems such as codes. Each category is explained with examples to illustrate the characteristics of the writing system.
The document describes the standard symbols used in flowcharts including terminal blocks, process blocks, decision points, documents, on-page connectors, direction of flow indicators, hyperlinks, annotations, and unit separators. Each symbol is defined with a brief description of its purpose in visually representing processes and workflows.
The document discusses multimedia systems and the process of designing systematic teaching. It defines multimedia systems as combining various elements like text, graphics, animation, sound and video to present information. The main elements are described as text, graphics, video, animation, audio and hypermedia. It then explains the ADDIE model of instructional design which consists of the five phases of analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. Each phase of the ADDIE model is described in one or two sentences.
The document contains a template for describing different screens with various elements including number, title, explanation, text, color, graphics, animation, video, and audio. Each screen can be customized with different multimedia components.
The document provides design guidelines for effective presentation slides. It recommends keeping slides simple with few words, lines and colors. Sans serif fonts are best for screens, and size implies importance. Differences should draw attention without distracting. Visuals should support text instead of distracting. Sound effects should only be used when necessary.
This rubric evaluates software based on 9 criteria: content, design, functionality, instructional design, interactivity, assessment, usability, technology, and accessibility. Software receives higher scores for providing accurate, reliable content aligned to standards. It also scores well for intuitive navigation, multimedia enhancements, feedback and support for learners, and easy integration into classroom activities. The rubric assesses whether the software engages students and allows teachers to track progress.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
2. OPEN CLASS CLOSED CLASS PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS VERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS DETERMINERS AUXILIARIES PRONOUNS
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4. Most nouns are common nouns and do not begin with a capital letter.
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11. Verb ‘To Be’ Subject Present Past Perfect (past participle) Progressive (present participle) I am was have been am being We are were have been are being You are were have been are being They are were have been are being He is was has been is being She is was has been is being It is was has been is being