The document discusses different ways that Christians participate in the liturgy, including lifting up their hearts. It describes how lifting up hearts in the Eucharist involves joining one's prayers to those of angels in heaven. Several aspects of participation are then outlined, such as praising God, giving thanks, repenting, listening to God's word, remembering Jesus, communing with the church, and uniting with Christ through his body and blood. The importance of praise in the liturgy is emphasized, describing how praise prepares people for receiving God and enjoying the Eucharist.
Praying the Mass is the fully conscious and active participation in the Eucharist through prayerful engagement aided by proper understanding and preparation. This includes meditating on Scripture readings, studying Mass prayers and structure, and making a good confession and fasting for at least an hour before receiving Communion. During Mass, we should be attentive, unite our prayers to the priest's words and actions, respond clearly, listen carefully, and maintain reverent silence. After Mass, we thank God for his gifts and make resolutions. Realizing the supernatural dimension of the Eucharist can help with difficulties like boredom or inability to receive Communion.
The document provides information about the sacred liturgy and sacraments of the Catholic Church. It defines the sacred liturgy as the true worship of God enacted by Jesus Christ and his body, the Church, through ceremonies, rites and formulas established by Scripture and Tradition. It explains that the Church celebrates liturgy in obedience to God's will and that liturgy is fitting for humans as social beings. Major liturgies include the sacraments and the Divine Office, and they are celebrated at fixed times and seasons, most importantly relating to the life of Christ.
This document contains prayers and catechism material related to preparing for First Holy Communion. It includes the Apostles' Creed, explaining the Trinity of God the Father, God the Son Jesus, and God the Holy Spirit. It also includes the Lord's Prayer, Hail Mary, Glory Be, and Act of Contrition. There are explanations of the seven sacraments, with a focus on Baptism, Confirmation, and the Eucharist as the sacraments of Christian initiation. The last part outlines the essential elements that should be included in a First Communion preparation program, such as understanding Jesus, the Church, Mass, and receiving Jesus in Holy Communion.
PPT for 2015 DOY Liturgy Day: Engaging youth and Young AdultsCindee Case
Workshop on "Engaging the Hearts, Hands and Voices of Youth and Young Adults in Liturgy" for the Diocese of Youngstown 2015 Liturgy Day Conference at St. William, by Cindee Case, Office of Youth and Young Adult Ministry
The document discusses the Christian liturgy as the participation of God's people in the work of God through Christ and the Church. It describes how the liturgy involves the action of the Holy Trinity and encompasses elements like the sacraments, the liturgical year, Mary and the saints. It emphasizes that full participation requires knowledge, self-offering through prayer and good works, and applying the liturgy's lessons to daily life.
The Eucharist is a sacrifice, a presence, and a food:
- As a sacrifice, the Eucharist makes present Jesus' sacrifice on the cross and achieves perfect thanksgiving and mercy through his offering.
- As a presence, in the Eucharist Jesus is truly present under the appearances of bread and wine through transubstantiation.
- As food, the Eucharist nourishes our souls and unites us to Christ and one another through Holy Communion.
The document discusses the nature and types of prayer. It defines prayer as speaking and listening to God and desiring to be united with God and do his will. The principal activities of prayer are described as adoration, thanksgiving, repentance, and intercession/petition. The document outlines different forms of prayer including vocal, liturgical, meditative, and contemplative prayer and discusses difficulties in prayer and how to overcome them. Regular prayer, scripture, devotionals, and the saints are presented as aids to developing an effective prayer life.
- A devotion is a customary popular prayer, often linked to other holy actions, objects or places. Popular devotions during Advent and Christmas include the Advent wreath and nativity crib. Devotions during Lent include the Stations of the Cross. There are also devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary throughout the liturgical year. Devotions to the Holy Eucharist include Eucharistic adoration and Benediction.
Praying the Mass is the fully conscious and active participation in the Eucharist through prayerful engagement aided by proper understanding and preparation. This includes meditating on Scripture readings, studying Mass prayers and structure, and making a good confession and fasting for at least an hour before receiving Communion. During Mass, we should be attentive, unite our prayers to the priest's words and actions, respond clearly, listen carefully, and maintain reverent silence. After Mass, we thank God for his gifts and make resolutions. Realizing the supernatural dimension of the Eucharist can help with difficulties like boredom or inability to receive Communion.
The document provides information about the sacred liturgy and sacraments of the Catholic Church. It defines the sacred liturgy as the true worship of God enacted by Jesus Christ and his body, the Church, through ceremonies, rites and formulas established by Scripture and Tradition. It explains that the Church celebrates liturgy in obedience to God's will and that liturgy is fitting for humans as social beings. Major liturgies include the sacraments and the Divine Office, and they are celebrated at fixed times and seasons, most importantly relating to the life of Christ.
This document contains prayers and catechism material related to preparing for First Holy Communion. It includes the Apostles' Creed, explaining the Trinity of God the Father, God the Son Jesus, and God the Holy Spirit. It also includes the Lord's Prayer, Hail Mary, Glory Be, and Act of Contrition. There are explanations of the seven sacraments, with a focus on Baptism, Confirmation, and the Eucharist as the sacraments of Christian initiation. The last part outlines the essential elements that should be included in a First Communion preparation program, such as understanding Jesus, the Church, Mass, and receiving Jesus in Holy Communion.
PPT for 2015 DOY Liturgy Day: Engaging youth and Young AdultsCindee Case
Workshop on "Engaging the Hearts, Hands and Voices of Youth and Young Adults in Liturgy" for the Diocese of Youngstown 2015 Liturgy Day Conference at St. William, by Cindee Case, Office of Youth and Young Adult Ministry
The document discusses the Christian liturgy as the participation of God's people in the work of God through Christ and the Church. It describes how the liturgy involves the action of the Holy Trinity and encompasses elements like the sacraments, the liturgical year, Mary and the saints. It emphasizes that full participation requires knowledge, self-offering through prayer and good works, and applying the liturgy's lessons to daily life.
The Eucharist is a sacrifice, a presence, and a food:
- As a sacrifice, the Eucharist makes present Jesus' sacrifice on the cross and achieves perfect thanksgiving and mercy through his offering.
- As a presence, in the Eucharist Jesus is truly present under the appearances of bread and wine through transubstantiation.
- As food, the Eucharist nourishes our souls and unites us to Christ and one another through Holy Communion.
The document discusses the nature and types of prayer. It defines prayer as speaking and listening to God and desiring to be united with God and do his will. The principal activities of prayer are described as adoration, thanksgiving, repentance, and intercession/petition. The document outlines different forms of prayer including vocal, liturgical, meditative, and contemplative prayer and discusses difficulties in prayer and how to overcome them. Regular prayer, scripture, devotionals, and the saints are presented as aids to developing an effective prayer life.
- A devotion is a customary popular prayer, often linked to other holy actions, objects or places. Popular devotions during Advent and Christmas include the Advent wreath and nativity crib. Devotions during Lent include the Stations of the Cross. There are also devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary throughout the liturgical year. Devotions to the Holy Eucharist include Eucharistic adoration and Benediction.
The document provides an overview of the sacrament of baptism in Catholic theology. It defines baptism as the first sacrament of initiation that removes original sin, fills one with grace, and incorporates one into the Church. The document outlines who can receive baptism, how it is validly administered, and its effects which include giving new spiritual life, the virtues of faith, hope and charity, and being united to Christ and his saving work.
The document provides an overview of liturgy and the liturgical year. It discusses the terms and definitions of liturgy. It then describes the different liturgical seasons including Advent, Christmas, Lent, Easter, and Ordinary Time. It also mentions special feast days and the importance of the Holy Eucharist as the center of liturgy.
Gifts of the Holy Spirit, Fruits of the Holy Spirit, Presents of the Holy spirit, Confirmation and the gifts of the Holy Spirit, Witness of God, Faith Hope and Charity. What Confirmation does? Confirmation meaning? Grace in Confirmation
The document provides an overview of the parts and structure of the Catholic Mass, describing the liturgical elements in each section: Liturgy of the Word, Liturgy of the Eucharist, and Concluding Rites. It compares the basic shape of the Mass to a communal meal, with gathering, storytelling, sharing food and drink, and sending forth. Key parts include readings from scripture, homily, creed, prayers, preparation of gifts, Eucharistic prayer, and communion rite.
The document discusses the traditions and rituals of the Catholic Mass. It explains that the Mass revolves around the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist. The Liturgy of the Word follows the ritual of scripture readings from the Jewish tradition. The Liturgy of the Eucharist echoes the rituals of the Last Supper and Jewish meals. Through these traditional rituals of reading scripture and sharing communion, Catholics experience the real presence of Christ in their worship.
The personal Christian life involves conforming one's life to the pattern of Jesus Christ through daily prayer, increasing knowledge of faith, frequent use of sacraments, and living a moral life with God's help. The public Christian life means promoting a Christian society through upholding dignity, vocations like marriage/religious life, evangelization, charity and challenging practices like abortion and euthanasia that attack life. The Church outlines six precepts that define the minimum obligations for living out one's personal Christian faith.
This document summarizes the third session of a series on living a liturgical life. It discusses the dismissal rite, including the post-communion prayer, final blessing, and dismissal. It emphasizes that the liturgy sends us forth to live out our mission. We are called to allow God to change us and live holily. The dismissal reminds us that our lives should prepare us for the next Eucharist through works of justice and charity.
This document provides an overview of the origins and development of the Liturgy of the Eucharist in the early Christian church. It discusses how the Gospels describe Jesus instituting the Eucharist during the Last Supper. It then examines how passages from the writings of Paul and John provide theological meaning regarding the Eucharist. The document also explores how the early church fathers like Justin Martyr and Hippolytus describe the Sunday liturgy and Eucharistic prayers practiced in the 2nd century. Overall, the document traces how the church developed a standardized liturgy for the Eucharist based on the teachings and actions of Jesus recorded in the Gospels.
The document discusses the key parts and significance of the Catholic Mass. It explains that the Mass is a sacrifice that commemorates Jesus' sacrifice on the cross, making it present. It describes the two main parts of the Mass - the Liturgy of the Word, involving scripture readings and response, and the Liturgy of the Eucharist, where bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. Several rituals and responses of the Mass are outlined, such as the sign of the cross, penitential rite, and Gloria, and their roots in scripture are explained.
From a series of visions and messages from Jesus and Mary
A teaching on what happens during the Holy Mass and how to live it with our hearts.
Website: www.loveandmercy.org
The document outlines the Sundays of Lent and the themes associated with each one. It discusses:
1) Preparation Sunday which calls believers to pray in secret and focus inwardly, shutting out the world.
2) Treasuring Sunday emphasizes surrendering one's life to God's care without worry as he provides for all needs.
3) Temptation Sunday examines maintaining strong faith in God as father despite life's hardships and temptations.
4) The Sunday of the Prodigal calls believers to true repentance found by returning to God and experiencing his loving embrace.
The document discusses the importance of prayer in the church. It provides examples from the book of Acts showing how prayer preceded powerful miracles and witness. When the early church gathered together in prayer, they saw signs, wonders, and boldness to spread the gospel. The document argues that prayer was essential for the unity and character of the early church. It transformed them into a caring community that generously shared possessions. For churches today to experience revival, they must prioritize prayer like the early church did.
The document provides information about the Easter Vigil liturgy, which consists of four parts: the Service of Light, Liturgy of the Word, Liturgy of Baptism, and Liturgy of the Eucharist. It describes the blessing of the new fire and Easter candle. There are readings from the Old and New Testaments. The rites of baptism, confirmation, and first communion are also discussed. The document emphasizes that the sacraments of initiation lay the foundation of the Christian life and bring believers into full communion with the Church.
The Holy Spirit is the third person of the Holy Trinity. Before Jesus ascended to heaven, he promised to send the Holy Spirit to his disciples to guide and teach them. The Holy Spirit acts as a consoler and advocate. Some key roles of the Holy Spirit include inspiring prophets of the Old Testament, anointing Jesus at his baptism, and descending upon the Apostles at Pentecost. The Holy Spirit sanctifies believers, grants the theological and cardinal virtues, and works through the sacraments and Church to bring all people into communion with God.
The document discusses the topics of grace and the Beatitudes. Regarding grace, it defines grace as gifts that bring about supernatural friendship with God, and notes that grace allows humans to share in God's divine life. It discusses how grace begins with baptism and develops through virtues like faith, hope and charity. Mistakes about grace like Pelagianism are also addressed. Regarding the Beatitudes, it defines them as eight states of blessedness taught by Jesus, which bring heaven to earth. Each Beatitude is then explained in more detail, covering topics like poverty of spirit, mourning, and being persecuted for righteousness.
A review of the acts of public worship foundin Catholic churches during Holy Week, which takes place every year between Palm Sunday and the weekend of Easter Sunday.
The document discusses the role of the Holy Spirit in sanctification. It makes three key points:
1. The Holy Spirit works to sanctify or make believers holy by dwelling within them. His attribute of holiness allows Him to transform believers and make them distinct from the world.
2. Sanctification is both a position believers have through the Spirit's work, and an ongoing process of being conformed to Christ. It begins at salvation and continues throughout life.
3. Proper sanctification does not deify believers but makes them holy as God is holy yet still fully human. The indwelling Spirit transforms their characters but does not lose their identity.
The document summarizes the principal liturgical seasons and feasts that make up the Catholic liturgical year. It describes the seasons of Advent, Christmas, Lent, Easter Triduum, and Ordinary Time. It explains that the colors of priestly vestments change during the year to correspond with the different seasons. Readings and hymns also vary throughout the year to help the faithful recognize the season being celebrated and journey with God.
HOLY EUCHARIST and BASIC CATECHISM OF THE HOLY MASSguestd30f808
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Holy Eucharist in Catholicism. It discusses how the Eucharist was instituted by Jesus at the Last Supper, where he took bread and wine and said it was his body and blood. It is considered the center of Catholic worship and life, as Catholics believe in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The document also outlines the various parts of the Catholic mass including readings, homily, preparation of gifts, Eucharistic prayer, communion, and concluding rites.
The document discusses various types of mineral resources and energy sectors in Malaysia such as petroleum, natural gas, tin ore, iron ore, bauxite, copper, gold, and coal. It provides details on the production and uses of these resources, as well as factors influencing the mining industry such as location, technology, labor, infrastructure, and government policies. It also addresses the economic importance and environmental impacts of mining activities, and measures taken to conserve mineral resources in Malaysia.
The document provides an overview of the sacrament of baptism in Catholic theology. It defines baptism as the first sacrament of initiation that removes original sin, fills one with grace, and incorporates one into the Church. The document outlines who can receive baptism, how it is validly administered, and its effects which include giving new spiritual life, the virtues of faith, hope and charity, and being united to Christ and his saving work.
The document provides an overview of liturgy and the liturgical year. It discusses the terms and definitions of liturgy. It then describes the different liturgical seasons including Advent, Christmas, Lent, Easter, and Ordinary Time. It also mentions special feast days and the importance of the Holy Eucharist as the center of liturgy.
Gifts of the Holy Spirit, Fruits of the Holy Spirit, Presents of the Holy spirit, Confirmation and the gifts of the Holy Spirit, Witness of God, Faith Hope and Charity. What Confirmation does? Confirmation meaning? Grace in Confirmation
The document provides an overview of the parts and structure of the Catholic Mass, describing the liturgical elements in each section: Liturgy of the Word, Liturgy of the Eucharist, and Concluding Rites. It compares the basic shape of the Mass to a communal meal, with gathering, storytelling, sharing food and drink, and sending forth. Key parts include readings from scripture, homily, creed, prayers, preparation of gifts, Eucharistic prayer, and communion rite.
The document discusses the traditions and rituals of the Catholic Mass. It explains that the Mass revolves around the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist. The Liturgy of the Word follows the ritual of scripture readings from the Jewish tradition. The Liturgy of the Eucharist echoes the rituals of the Last Supper and Jewish meals. Through these traditional rituals of reading scripture and sharing communion, Catholics experience the real presence of Christ in their worship.
The personal Christian life involves conforming one's life to the pattern of Jesus Christ through daily prayer, increasing knowledge of faith, frequent use of sacraments, and living a moral life with God's help. The public Christian life means promoting a Christian society through upholding dignity, vocations like marriage/religious life, evangelization, charity and challenging practices like abortion and euthanasia that attack life. The Church outlines six precepts that define the minimum obligations for living out one's personal Christian faith.
This document summarizes the third session of a series on living a liturgical life. It discusses the dismissal rite, including the post-communion prayer, final blessing, and dismissal. It emphasizes that the liturgy sends us forth to live out our mission. We are called to allow God to change us and live holily. The dismissal reminds us that our lives should prepare us for the next Eucharist through works of justice and charity.
This document provides an overview of the origins and development of the Liturgy of the Eucharist in the early Christian church. It discusses how the Gospels describe Jesus instituting the Eucharist during the Last Supper. It then examines how passages from the writings of Paul and John provide theological meaning regarding the Eucharist. The document also explores how the early church fathers like Justin Martyr and Hippolytus describe the Sunday liturgy and Eucharistic prayers practiced in the 2nd century. Overall, the document traces how the church developed a standardized liturgy for the Eucharist based on the teachings and actions of Jesus recorded in the Gospels.
The document discusses the key parts and significance of the Catholic Mass. It explains that the Mass is a sacrifice that commemorates Jesus' sacrifice on the cross, making it present. It describes the two main parts of the Mass - the Liturgy of the Word, involving scripture readings and response, and the Liturgy of the Eucharist, where bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ. Several rituals and responses of the Mass are outlined, such as the sign of the cross, penitential rite, and Gloria, and their roots in scripture are explained.
From a series of visions and messages from Jesus and Mary
A teaching on what happens during the Holy Mass and how to live it with our hearts.
Website: www.loveandmercy.org
The document outlines the Sundays of Lent and the themes associated with each one. It discusses:
1) Preparation Sunday which calls believers to pray in secret and focus inwardly, shutting out the world.
2) Treasuring Sunday emphasizes surrendering one's life to God's care without worry as he provides for all needs.
3) Temptation Sunday examines maintaining strong faith in God as father despite life's hardships and temptations.
4) The Sunday of the Prodigal calls believers to true repentance found by returning to God and experiencing his loving embrace.
The document discusses the importance of prayer in the church. It provides examples from the book of Acts showing how prayer preceded powerful miracles and witness. When the early church gathered together in prayer, they saw signs, wonders, and boldness to spread the gospel. The document argues that prayer was essential for the unity and character of the early church. It transformed them into a caring community that generously shared possessions. For churches today to experience revival, they must prioritize prayer like the early church did.
The document provides information about the Easter Vigil liturgy, which consists of four parts: the Service of Light, Liturgy of the Word, Liturgy of Baptism, and Liturgy of the Eucharist. It describes the blessing of the new fire and Easter candle. There are readings from the Old and New Testaments. The rites of baptism, confirmation, and first communion are also discussed. The document emphasizes that the sacraments of initiation lay the foundation of the Christian life and bring believers into full communion with the Church.
The Holy Spirit is the third person of the Holy Trinity. Before Jesus ascended to heaven, he promised to send the Holy Spirit to his disciples to guide and teach them. The Holy Spirit acts as a consoler and advocate. Some key roles of the Holy Spirit include inspiring prophets of the Old Testament, anointing Jesus at his baptism, and descending upon the Apostles at Pentecost. The Holy Spirit sanctifies believers, grants the theological and cardinal virtues, and works through the sacraments and Church to bring all people into communion with God.
The document discusses the topics of grace and the Beatitudes. Regarding grace, it defines grace as gifts that bring about supernatural friendship with God, and notes that grace allows humans to share in God's divine life. It discusses how grace begins with baptism and develops through virtues like faith, hope and charity. Mistakes about grace like Pelagianism are also addressed. Regarding the Beatitudes, it defines them as eight states of blessedness taught by Jesus, which bring heaven to earth. Each Beatitude is then explained in more detail, covering topics like poverty of spirit, mourning, and being persecuted for righteousness.
A review of the acts of public worship foundin Catholic churches during Holy Week, which takes place every year between Palm Sunday and the weekend of Easter Sunday.
The document discusses the role of the Holy Spirit in sanctification. It makes three key points:
1. The Holy Spirit works to sanctify or make believers holy by dwelling within them. His attribute of holiness allows Him to transform believers and make them distinct from the world.
2. Sanctification is both a position believers have through the Spirit's work, and an ongoing process of being conformed to Christ. It begins at salvation and continues throughout life.
3. Proper sanctification does not deify believers but makes them holy as God is holy yet still fully human. The indwelling Spirit transforms their characters but does not lose their identity.
The document summarizes the principal liturgical seasons and feasts that make up the Catholic liturgical year. It describes the seasons of Advent, Christmas, Lent, Easter Triduum, and Ordinary Time. It explains that the colors of priestly vestments change during the year to correspond with the different seasons. Readings and hymns also vary throughout the year to help the faithful recognize the season being celebrated and journey with God.
HOLY EUCHARIST and BASIC CATECHISM OF THE HOLY MASSguestd30f808
The document provides an overview of key aspects of the Holy Eucharist in Catholicism. It discusses how the Eucharist was instituted by Jesus at the Last Supper, where he took bread and wine and said it was his body and blood. It is considered the center of Catholic worship and life, as Catholics believe in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The document also outlines the various parts of the Catholic mass including readings, homily, preparation of gifts, Eucharistic prayer, communion, and concluding rites.
The document discusses various types of mineral resources and energy sectors in Malaysia such as petroleum, natural gas, tin ore, iron ore, bauxite, copper, gold, and coal. It provides details on the production and uses of these resources, as well as factors influencing the mining industry such as location, technology, labor, infrastructure, and government policies. It also addresses the economic importance and environmental impacts of mining activities, and measures taken to conserve mineral resources in Malaysia.
The document provides guidelines for writing a summary of a text in three sentences or less. It advises the reader to only include the most important points and main ideas, leaving out unnecessary details, examples, repetitions, and lengthy expressions. Direct speech and multiple paragraphs should also be avoided. When writing the summary, the writer should rephrase the main points in their own words in a single paragraph within the specified word limit, checking for spelling and grammatical errors.
DPD masih bermain sendiri-sendiri dalam menyikapi perseteruan antara KPK, Polri dan Kejaksaan. Anggota DPR mendukung proses hukum kasus Bibit dan Chandra harus sampai pengadilan. Presiden diminta meredam konflik agar tidak mempengaruhi stabilitas negara.
The document discusses the business case for cloud computing and provides critical legal, business, and diligence considerations. It outlines benefits like cost avoidance, improved agility, and focusing on core business functions. Evaluation considerations include functionality, security, disaster recovery, and contractual requirements. Privacy and regulatory compliance are also important factors to examine for a cloud migration.
Thank you for downloading our monthly Shift Happened presentation: our biased selection of events that took place in February 2011. We hope you’ll enjoy and share the content and will be able to make use of it.
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The document discusses how budget cuts have negatively impacted students' learning experiences and engagement. It then introduces an "insurgent" virtual learning environment that could provide a lower-cost and better student experience through features like tracking student progress, offering multiple languages, and allowing many students to access classes simultaneously from different locations. However, it notes barriers like the power of teachers' unions that the insurgent and California Department of Education must overcome to adapt and survive increasing competition through technological innovation.
This document contains information for candidates regarding a mathematics exam paper. It provides instructions that candidates should answer all 40 questions, blacken only one answer for each question on the answer sheet, and may use a non-programmable scientific calculator. It also lists several mathematical formulae that may be helpful in answering the questions. The exam paper contains 21 pages and consists of multiple choice questions testing various mathematics concepts.
Constructing A Working Financial Plan For Your Companyjreedcpa
The document is a presentation about creating a working financial plan and budget for a company. It discusses the objectives of creating a budget, key factors that determine profitability like gross profit and overhead, and how to use the sample budget Excel file provided. The presentation demonstrates how to modify data in the sample file and see the impact on financial metrics. It also provides tips for customizing the file template for a company's specific needs.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Dokumen tersebut membahas berbagai peristiwa berita di Indonesia pada akhir tahun 2009 dan awal 2010, termasuk kasus hukum politikus, bencana banjir, harga BBM, kunjungan Menlu AS, serta upaya peningkatan akses pendidikan bagi TKI dan narapidana.
The City of Dania Beach is requesting variances to allow a vacant gravel lot located 450 feet from City Hall to be used as temporary, off-site parking for city employees during the construction of the city library and parking garage. The variances are needed because code requires off-site parking to be within 300 feet and for the parking area to have a hard surface. The gravel lot can accommodate at least 42 parking spaces to replace those lost during construction. The city plans to secure the area with a fence and have police surveillance while the lot is in use.
This document discusses principles and theories that can guide language teaching. It presents different teaching methods like the Silent Way and communicative language teaching. It argues that eclecticism alone is not sufficient and proposes an alternative framework focused on contextualization, negotiated interaction, learner autonomy and raising cultural awareness. The document emphasizes the importance of reflective teaching and considering the classroom context over rigidly following any single method.
The document provides an overview of the parts of the Catholic Mass. It describes the introductory rites which prepare participants for worship. It then explains the two main parts of the Mass: the Liturgy of the Word, which involves readings from scripture and a homily; and the Liturgy of the Eucharist, where the bread and wine are blessed and consumed in remembrance of Jesus' last supper. Key elements covered include the entrance procession, readings, profession of faith through creeds, preparation of gifts, and Eucharistic prayer invoking the Holy Spirit and recalling Jesus' words at the last supper.
The Mass or Eucharist is the central act of worship in the Catholic Church, which it describes as "the source and summit of the Christian life". It consists of two main parts: the Liturgy of the Word, involving readings from scripture and a homily; and the Liturgy of the Eucharist, which includes the consecration of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ and Holy Communion. The term "Mass" comes from the Latin word missa, originally meaning "dismissal" but took on a deeper meaning referring to "mission".
This document discusses the Catholic understanding of prayer, liturgy, and sacraments. It begins with a prayer to the Holy Spirit and then provides definitions and explanations of key concepts. Liturgy is defined as the official public worship of the Church, especially the Eucharist. The sacraments are efficacious signs of grace that were instituted by Christ to give grace. The Church is considered the fundamental sacrament as it makes Christ present through the indwelling Spirit among its members.
This document provides a summary of the activities and events at Hope Lutheran Church and Angels of Hope Preschool in July 2010. It includes:
- A message from Pastor Matthew Christians discussing the importance of worship and explaining some of the gestures and actions used during services to confess theological beliefs.
- Updates on upcoming Bible readings and sermon preparation for Sunday services.
- Quotes from Christian thinkers on topics like worship, grace, and the cross.
- Announcements about preschool activities and contact information for the church and preschool.
This document provides information about the Catholic Church and its sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation. It defines the Church as one, holy, catholic, and apostolic, and discusses what each of these attributes mean. It then explains the sacraments of Baptism and Confirmation in detail, including their symbols, effects, and the roles of the Holy Spirit. It concludes by describing the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit bestowed in Confirmation.
The document discusses viewing the new Roman Missal through the lens of evangelization. It summarizes the key parts of the Mass and how they relate to evangelization, including:
1) The introductory rites call people to conversion.
2) The Liturgy of the Word includes accepting the creed and responding to scripture through offerings.
3) Communion is a response to accepting the challenge to take up one's cross daily.
4) The dismissal is a commitment to live one's faith in the world through mission and discipleship.
The document emphasizes that the Mass forms an interactive, evangelizing experience that calls people to deeper conversion and commitment to living as the
The document provides information about the Eucharistic Revival, which seeks to renew the Catholic Church by inspiring a deeper devotion to Christ's real presence in the Eucharist. It explains that the Eucharist is the source of healing and hope for both the Church and the world. The revival aims to show Catholics the truth of the real presence and encourage them to encounter Jesus in the Eucharist, so that they may be healed, converted, and sent forth on mission. It is intended not as a program but as a movement inviting the faithful to a living relationship with Christ in the Eucharist.
Baptism incorporates believers into Christ and his church through water, cleansing them of original sin and bringing them into new life. Confirmation deepens the grace received in baptism through the laying on of hands and anointing with oil, strengthening believers with the gifts of the Holy Spirit to boldly profess and spread their faith. Both sacraments initiate believers and bring them to full initiation and participation in the life of the church.
The document discusses the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church. It provides details on each individual sacrament such as their institution by Jesus, their essential elements, and who can receive them. The seven sacraments are Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of the Sick, Holy Orders, and Matrimony. Each was instituted by Christ and serves as an outward sign of an inward grace, imparting spiritual benefits upon those who receive them worthily.
This document discusses ways to incorporate elements from the Mass into faith formation to help participants better understand and experience the mystery of the Eucharist. It suggests including sacred space, music, silence, storytelling, movement, symbols, rituals, and works of mercy. The goal is to make faith formation resemble the Mass and help participants see the connection between receiving the Eucharist and living out their faith in their daily lives through real presence with others.
The document provides information about the role and responsibilities of altar servers. It discusses how altar servers help the priest during mass and explains the various sacred objects and vestments involved in mass. It also outlines the key parts of the liturgy including the introductory rite, liturgy of the word, liturgy of the Eucharist, and concluding rite. Altar servers are expected to know what they are doing and serve reverently to help set an example for full participation in the mass.
This document provides information about the Mass or Holy Eucharist, explaining its various parts and their significance. It is divided into 5 parts: 1) The Introductory Rites which prepare participants, 2) The Liturgy of the Word involving scripture readings and reflection, 3) The Liturgy of the Eucharist focusing on the preparation of gifts and Eucharistic prayer, 4) The Communion Rite where participants receive Communion, and 5) The Concluding Rite sending participants forth. Each part is described in detail to help participants understand and fully engage in the Mass.
This document provides information about the Mass or Holy Eucharist, explaining its various parts and their significance. It is divided into 5 parts: 1) Introductory Rites which prepare participants, 2) Liturgy of the Word involving scripture readings and reflection, 3) Liturgy of the Eucharist where the bread and wine become Christ's body and blood through the Eucharistic prayer, 4) Communion Rite where participants receive communion, and 5) Concluding Rite sending participants forth. Each part is described in detail to help participants understand and fully engage in the Mass.
The document discusses the essential marks of the Church - that it is one, holy, catholic, and apostolic. It provides scriptural evidence and teachings from the Catechism to explain each mark. For the Church to be one, Christians must strive for unity through love. The Church is holy as the Holy Spirit guides believers to holiness. It is catholic or universal as Christ calls all people to salvation. And it is apostolic as built upon the foundation of the apostles' teaching.
LITURGICAL VESSELS AND VESTMENTS.pptx documentFaustinaKinyua
The document provides an overview of the key elements and structure of the Catholic Mass, including:
- The four-fold presence of Christ in the gathered assembly, the minister, the Word of God, and the Eucharist.
- The main parts of the Mass being the Liturgy of the Word and the Liturgy of the Eucharist, with introductory and concluding rites.
- Details on specific components such as the entrance, penitential rite, Gloria, homily, and their significance.
The document discusses the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church. It provides background on the sacraments, including their significance as efficacious signs of God's grace that were instituted by Christ and affect spiritual growth. Key points include definitions of sacrament from Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and others; explanations of each sacrament and their symbols/rituals; and descriptions of the proper matter, form, and ministers for the sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist.
This document provides guidance on how to make a Holy Hour spent in the presence of the Blessed Sacrament. It discusses spending one hour alone or with others privately or publicly worshipping the Eucharistic presence of Christ. It outlines the Church's teaching on adoration and recommendations for prayer, scripture reading, praise, and silence during public adoration. It also provides suggestions for private adoration, including focusing on silent presence before the Lord and responding to distractions by focusing on prayer or Taize chants. The document gives recommendations for how to begin and end a Holy Hour with gestures of adoration and thanksgiving.
God is the center of our worship. Worship requires humility, honesty, and community. It also requires clarity in revelation and response through God's word, as well as diversity that reflects heaven's unity. The goal of our mission is worship, and worship fuels our mission.
Understanding Grace - Blood Covenant and Prodigal.pdfEhab Roufail
How is Grace Defined?
What did the Lord Jesus do for us?
Old Testament Blood Covenant
What is Grace?
Prodigal Son
Is Divine Grace for all?
What do we have to do for it?
This document discusses the roles of men and women in the church. It outlines the seven clerical orders and notes that the priesthood is comprised of deacons, priests, and bishops, which are only open to men. It provides details on the roles of deacons and priests. While women cannot be priests, the document highlights examples of saintly women in the Bible and notes the important prophetic roles women have played in revealing aspects of the church. Overall, it examines the theological reasoning for distinguishing roles while emphasizing that roles do not determine relative value between men and women.
1. Evidence for a beginning of the Universe
2. Evidence for fine tuning in the Universe
3. Solar System’s fitness for life
4. Earth’s fitness for life
5. The miracle of life
When you say there is evil, aren’t you admitting there is good?
When you accept the existence of goodness, you must affirm a moral law on the basis of which to differentiate between good and evil.
But when you admit to a moral law, you must posit a moral lawgiver.[
The document discusses the reliability of the Bible by examining prophecy, integrity, and textual criticism. It outlines how prophecies in the Bible have been fulfilled, distinguishing it from other religious texts. Specific prophecies about Jesus' first coming are analyzed, showing how he fulfilled over 100 prophecies about characteristics like his birthplace, lineage, and manner of death. The accurate fulfillment of prophecies affirms the Bible's divine origin and reliability.
What is prophecy?
Test of a true prophet
The importance of prophecy
Messianic prophecies
The significance of messianic prophecies
Messianic prophecy issues
Probability of fulfillment of prophecies
Other Old Testament (OT) prophecies
Prophecy – the future told in advance by God through a prophet
John 5:39, “You search the Scriptures; for in them you think you have eternal life; and these are they which testify of Me.”
The reliability of the Bible is confirmed by the accuracy of its prophecies
Cannot be said of any other “sacred writings”
Other writings make great claims but contain no prophecy unique to them that establishes “truth"
“For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God.” (Romans 8:14)
Exactly how are we be led by the Holy Spirit?
Exactly how does the Holy Spirit communicate to all of us in this life?
If the Bible calls the Holy Spirit our Guide and Teacher in this life, then this means He will attempt to communicate to all of us from time to time.
Otherwise we will never be able to pick up from Him exactly what He is trying to teach us or tell us to do.
The very first thing we need to know if we want to learn how to be led by the Holy Spirit is that
We can develop a direct personal relationship with Him
Just like you already have with God and Jesus.
Here are two key verses from the apostle Paul telling us that we are allowed to have direct communication and direct fellowship with the Holy Spirit Himself:
“The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Spirit be with you all.” (2 Corinthians 13:14)
“Therefore if there is any consolation in Christ, if any comfort of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit …” (Phillippians 2:1)
Types of Messiah
What is prophecy?
Test of a true prophet
The importance of prophecy
Messianic prophecies
The significance of messianic prophecies
Messianic prophecy issues
Probability of fulfillment of prophecies
Other Old Testament (OT) prophecies
End Time prophecies
The significance of the Apocalypse
The circumstances surrounding its writing
Who wrote it? To Whom? Where? Why?
Its structure and Content
Aids to interpretation
How can we benefit from it?
Biblical Dating
“Being the right person to serve my future spouse’s needs and be a God-glorifying husband or wife”
"Acceptable" is such a loose term, so it's hard to say what is "acceptable" for any given person. After all, everyone is a different individual and their situations and maturity will vary greatly. Something that is acceptable for one person may not be acceptable for another.
Also keep in mind 1 Corinthians 10:23 (NIV), which says, "'I have the right to do anything,' you say—but not everything is beneficial. 'I have the right to do anything'—but not everything is constructive." We have many freedoms through Christ, but that doesn't mean that everything will be healthy or good for you.
The document discusses the problem of suffering and evil in the world. It presents three main categories of suffering: 1) Suffering caused by man, 2) Natural disasters, and 3) Disease. It also notes that atheists use the pervasiveness of suffering to discredit the idea of a loving God. However, theists believe God may have reasons for allowing suffering that humans do not understand. The document argues that atheists must prove: 1) The impossibility of God using evil for a greater good, 2) That God could have no reasons for allowing suffering, and 3) An instance of definitively pointless suffering. But overall, humans may lack the information to make definitive judgments about God's reasons for permitting evil
Helmet of Salvation
Who do you think you are?
Problems of low self esteem
Satans psychological weapon
God’s view of me
Biblical
Our new position in Christ
Implications
Christian, Coptic, Christmas,
You Are Important To God
Your Life Matters To God
Your Faith Matters To God
The Relevance of Christmas
The Reality of Christmas
The Reason for Christmas
The Result of Christmas
The Seven Fasts of the Church – and the focus of the main Three
The Sunday readings before and During Advent
Other 40 Day Fasts
Praise during the month of Kiahk
This document discusses using an agile delivery model for strategic programs. It proposes that agile methodologies can be suitable for large organizations and problems by scaling up the approach. For example, a single scrum team may consist of 7-9 people planning in 2-week sprints with user stories, while a program may consist of 7-9 teams planning in quarterly iterations with customer features. The document outlines levels of planning from portfolio teams down to delivery teams. It also discusses estimating and planning milestone deliverables, iterating rather than incrementing work, and using an agile approach like "Ready...Fire...Aim" for large strategic programs and portfolios.
The document discusses views on sex, premarital relationships, and masturbation from a religious perspective. It presents arguments that:
1) Sex was created by God for the loving union of husband and wife within marriage to bond the couple and allow procreation. Premarital sex risks damaging future relationships and marriage.
2) Masturbation that involves lustful thoughts is sinful according to scripture. It can also lead to sexual addiction and experimentation with unclean acts.
3) Not masturbating is not unhealthy as the body naturally reabsorbs unused sperm cells, and any residual secretions are released through nocturnal emissions. Remaining pure allows one to live a holy life as called by God
St. Paul's life transformed dramatically from persecutor of Christians to their greatest advocate. After his encounter with Jesus on the road to Damascus, where he was blinded by a bright light and heard Jesus' voice, Paul underwent a conversion and became a sincere disciple. He spent years preaching in Arabia, Damascus, Syria, and Cilicia before Barnabas took Paul under his wing and introduced him to other Christians. Together, they were then sent by the church in Antioch to preach in Cyprus, Pamphylia and Phrygia.
Jesus - the One I love
Let’s get to discuss a bit The Character of the One we love to follow
His Creativity
His Depth
His Righteousness
His Psychological insight
His Compassion
The Vulnerabilities of Individuals Born Under Swati Nakshatra.pdfAstroAnuradha
Individuals born under Swati Nakshatra often exhibit a strong sense of independence and adaptability, yet they may also face vulnerabilities such as indecisiveness and a tendency to be easily swayed by external influences. Their quest for balance and harmony can sometimes lead to inner conflict and a lack of assertiveness. To know more visit: astroanuradha.com
Lucid Dreaming: Understanding the Risks and Benefits
The ability to control one's dreams or for the dreamer to be aware that he or she is dreaming. This process, called lucid dreaming, has some potential risks as well as many fascinating benefits. However, many people are hesitant to try it initially for fear of the potential dangers. This article aims to clarify these concerns by exploring both the risks and benefits of lucid dreaming.
The Benefits of Lucid Dreaming
Lucid dreaming allows a person to take control of their dream world, helping them overcome their fears and eliminate nightmares. This technique is particularly useful for mental health. By taking control of their dreams, individuals can face challenging scenarios in a controlled environment, which can help reduce anxiety and increase self-confidence.
Addressing Common Concerns
Physical Harm in Dreams Lucid dreaming is fundamentally safe. In a lucid dream, everything is a creation of your mind. Therefore, nothing in the dream can physically harm you. Despite the vividness and realness of the dream experience, it remains entirely within your mental landscape, posing no physical danger.
Mental Health Risks Concerns about developing PTSD or other mental illnesses from lucid dreaming are unfounded. As soon as you wake up, it's clear that the events experienced in the dream were not real. On the contrary, lucid dreaming is often seen as a therapeutic tool for conditions like PTSD, as it allows individuals to reframe and manage their thoughts.
Potential Risks of Lucid Dreaming
While generally safe, lucid dreaming does come with a few risks as well:
Mixing Dream Memories with Reality Long-term lucid dreamers might occasionally confuse dream memories with real ones, creating false memories. This issue is rare and preventable by maintaining a dream journal and avoiding lucid dreaming about real-life people or places too frequently.
Escapism Using lucid dreaming to escape reality can be problematic if it interferes with your daily life. While it is sometimes beneficial to escape and relieve the stress of reality, relying on lucid dreaming for happiness can hinder personal growth and productivity.
Feeling Tired After Lucid Dreaming Some people report feeling tired after lucid dreaming. This tiredness is not due to the dreams themselves but often results from not getting enough sleep or using techniques that disrupt sleep patterns. Taking breaks and ensuring adequate sleep can prevent this.
Mental Exhaustion Lucid dreaming can be mentally taxing if practiced excessively without breaks. It’s important to balance lucid dreaming with regular sleep to avoid mental fatigue.
Lucid dreaming is safe and beneficial if done with caution. It has many benefits, such as overcoming fear and improving mental health, and minimal risks. There are many resources and tutorials available for those interested in trying it.
Lesson 12 - The Blessed Hope: The Mark of the Christian.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 12 - The Blessed Hope: The Mark of the Christian
SBS – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
Trusting God's Providence | Verse: Romans 8: 28-31JL de Belen
Trusting God's Providence.
Providence - God’s active preservation and care over His creation. God is both the Creator and the Sustainer of all things Heb. 1:2-3; Col. 1:17
-God keep His promises.
-God’s general providence is toward all creation
- All things were made through Him
God’s special providence is toward His children.
We may suffer now, but joy can and will come
God can see what we cannot see
Sanatan Vastu | Experience Great Living | Vastu ExpertSanatan Vastu
Santan Vastu Provides Vedic astrology courses & Vastu remedies, If you are searching Vastu for home, Vastu for kitchen, Vastu for house, Vastu for Office & Factory. Best Vastu in Bahadurgarh. Best Vastu in Delhi NCR
2nd issue of Volume 15. A magazine in urdu language mainly based on spiritual treatment and learning. Many topics on ISLAM, SUFISM, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SELF HELP, PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH, SPIRITUAL TREATMENT, Ruqya etc.A very useful magazine for everyone.
Chandra Dev: Unveiling the Mystery of the Moon GodExotic India
Shining brightly in the sky, some days more than others, the Moon in popular culture is a symbol of love, romance, and beauty. The ancient Hindu texts, however, mention the Moon as an intriguing and powerful being, worshiped by sages as Chandra.
The Book of Samuel is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books in the Old Testament. The book is part of the Deuteronomistic history, a series of books that constitute a theological history of the Israelites and that aim to explain God's law for Israel under the guidance of the prophets.
Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)heartfulness
Dear readers,
This month we continue with more inspiring talks from the Global Spirituality Mahotsav that was held from March 14 to 17, 2024, at Kanha Shanti Vanam.
We hear from Daaji on lifestyle and yoga in honor of International Day of Yoga, June 21, 2024. We also hear from Professor Bhavani Rao, Dean at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, on spirituality in action, the Venerable BhikkuSanghasena on how to be an ambassador for compassion, Dr. Tony Nader on the Maharishi Effect, Swami Mukundananda on the crossroads of modernization, Tejinder Kaur Basra on the purpose of work, the Venerable GesheDorjiDamdul on the psychology of peace, the Rt. Hon. Patricia Scotland, KC, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, on how we are all related, and world-renowned violinist KumareshRajagopalan on the uplifting mysteries of music.
Dr. Prasad Veluthanar shares an Ayurvedic perspective on treating autism, Dr. IchakAdizes helps us navigate disagreements at work, Sravan Banda celebrates World Environment Day by sharing some tips on land restoration, and Sara Bubber tells our children another inspiring story and challenges them with some fun facts and riddles.
Happy reading,
The editors
Astronism, Cosmism and Cosmodeism: the space religions espousing the doctrine...Cometan
This lecture created by Brandon Taylorian (aka Cometan) specially for the CESNUR Conference held Bordeaux in June 2024 provides a brief introduction to the legacy of religious and philosophical thought that Astronism emerges from, namely the discourse on transcension started assuredly by the Cosmists in Russia in the mid-to-late nineteenth century and then carried on and developed by Mordecai Nessyahu in Cosmodeism in the twentieth century. Cometan also then provides some detail on his story in founding Astronism in the early twenty-first century from 2013 along with details on the central Astronist doctrine of transcension. Finally, the lecture concludes with some contributions made by space religions and space philosophy and their influences on various cultural facets in art, literature and film.
1. Our Part in the LiturgyOur Part in the Liturgy
University Meeting July 2015University Meeting July 2015
2. Lift Up YourLift Up Your
HeartsHearts
We hear these words at the high point of the Mass,We hear these words at the high point of the Mass,
at the start of the Eucharistic prayer.at the start of the Eucharistic prayer.
In Scripture, the exhortation to "lift up" is oftenIn Scripture, the exhortation to "lift up" is often
associated with offering one's self to God throughassociated with offering one's self to God through
prayer (see Psalm 25:1-2; Psalm 134:2). prayer (see Psalm 25:1-2; Psalm 134:2).
When we lift up our hearts in the Eucharist, there isWhen we lift up our hearts in the Eucharist, there is
a certain "realism" about it. It's not just a figure ofa certain "realism" about it. It's not just a figure of
speech.speech.
Our hearts are really going somewhere. We areOur hearts are really going somewhere. We are
lifting our hearts to heaven, joining our prayers oflifting our hearts to heaven, joining our prayers of
thanks and praise to those of the angels in heaven.thanks and praise to those of the angels in heaven.
The InstitutionThe Institution
3. Lift Up YourLift Up Your
HeartsHearts
In PraiseIn Praise
In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
In RepentanceIn Repentance
In listening to His WordIn listening to His Word
In active rememberingIn active remembering
In Communing with the Whole ChurchIn Communing with the Whole Church
In Uniting in Him – in His Body and BloodIn Uniting in Him – in His Body and Blood
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4. Unity of Heaven withUnity of Heaven with
EarthEarth
When the priest opens the altar curtain, he calls
on everyone to ascend towards heaven to see
the glory of the Holy Trinity.
Concerning St. John Saba, it was said that
when he opened the altar curtain he would
frequently stand silently... once he stood for
almost three hours; one of his aids found out
that he did not dare to enter the altar because
he saw the presence of God's glory on the altar
with indescribable majesty.
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5. Unity of Heaven withUnity of Heaven with
EarthEarth
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6. In PraiseIn Praise
In PraiseIn Praise
In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
In RepentanceIn Repentance
In listening to His WordIn listening to His Word
In active rememberingIn active remembering
In Communing with the Whole ChurchIn Communing with the Whole Church
In Uniting in Him – in His Body and BloodIn Uniting in Him – in His Body and Blood
The InstitutionThe Institution
7. In PraiseIn Praise
Praise is the beginning as well as the end
point of the Eucharist service. We begin the
service with praise, we practice it with praise, and
we end it with praise.
Praise is not just an introduction but the beginning
and the end of the road, because our path is the
Lord Christ, the Beginning and the End;
He is our continual feast and the secret to our
joy and unceasing praise.
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8. In PraiseIn Praise
Daily praise prepares the soul to receive the King and
for our union with Him, and it ignites the soul with the
spirit of joy and rejoicing.
It is as if praise prepares us for enjoyment of
the Eucharist, and the Eucharist propels us
towards unceasing daily praise.
In praise we witness the work of the Bible and preach
it; thus "they shall proclaim the praises of the Lord"
(Isaiah 60:6), and "I will declare your name to my
brethren; in the midst of the congregation I will sing
praise to You" (Hebrews 2:12).
The InstitutionThe Institution
9. In PraiseIn Praise
Praise in its broad sense is not just singing certain
sections from written or church praises in specific
tunes.
It is a sign of victory in the life of the
church and all human existence.
The souls that rejoice in their Christ think about the
throne that the Holy One sits on, as the psalmist
says "But You are Holy, Who inhabit the praises of
Israel" (Psalms 22:3).
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10. Sacrifice of PraiseSacrifice of Praise
Praise is not only preparation for the Eucharist
service but also a holy sacrifice that ties our
daily life with the sacrifice of the Eucharist,
or the sacrifice of Christ Whose rejoicing is
His suffering and crucifixion.
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11. PRAISE IS COLLECTIVE
WORK FOR THE
CHURCH
Praise is the human being's response to the love of
God, so our feelings, senses, thoughts, and desires
become like strings of a musical instrument
expressing a tune of love that matches the supreme
love of God.
This response is apparent during public worship in
church or personal worship in one's bedroom, even
during sleep and work.
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12. Single but JointSingle but Joint
PraisePraise
It is important to realize that praise is a single
individual's job, but a joint effort for everyone - the
victorious and the struggling - with the tunes of
heavenly beings, even as we sleep:
"Before the angels I will sing praises to You" (Psalm
138).
"Praise Him in all His Saints" (Psalm 150).
"In the midst of the congregation I will praise You"
(Psalm 22).
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13. Single but JointSingle but Joint
PraisePraise
In heaven the believer shares with the church in its
eternal glorification and praise; he or she does not
praise in a solitary tone but in harmony
So the liturgy reveals makes us aware that we are
not only joining in a church service but are an
inseparable part of it, a natural fruit of the Holy
Spirit.
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14. Single but JointSingle but Joint
PraisePraise
Thus praise is not a specific church function, but
the daily work of every Christian, at home and in
church.
1. the praise of vespers,
2. evening raising of incense,
3. midnight praise,
4. the praise of matins,
5. morning raising of incense, and finally
6 & 7. the service of the Divine Liturgy
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15. In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
In PraiseIn Praise
In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
In RepentanceIn Repentance
In listening to His WordIn listening to His Word
In active rememberingIn active remembering
In Communing with the Whole ChurchIn Communing with the Whole Church
In Uniting in Him – in His Body and BloodIn Uniting in Him – in His Body and Blood
The InstitutionThe Institution
16. In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
Let Us give Thanks to the Lord
When man stands before the throne of God all joy
restored, then there is nothing else for us to offer
but to give thanks. Hence the Eucharist or
‘thanksgiving’ is the state of the perfect man.,
Man, as a though a priest receives the world as a
divine gift, illustrating God’s Fatherhood and God’s
Love to Him, and in return offers his whole life as a
Sacrifice of Thanksgiving
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17. In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
But man loved the world and focused on the gift
rather than the giver. For this reason the Real Priest,
the Son of God, became incarnated.
As the Creator, the world cannot affect Him or
capture His heart nor can it separate Him from His
Father.
He alone can offer the Sacrifice of the Eucharist on
our behalf, not by prayers only but also by deed. He
offers His Holy Body and Blood as a sacrifice of
thanksgiving to the Father. That’s why on the night
He was betrayed “He took bread and gave thanks….
And He took the cup and gave thanks”.
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18. In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
The Eucharist actaully consists of offering ourself
through our head.
We as members of His Body are sanctified and
become worthy to offer not our gifts only, but also
ourselves as a sacrifice.
The Father sees us on the Altar offered to Him
through our Head, His beloved Son.
For what is offered on the Altar is the Body of Christ,
that is the Church
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19. In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
This is the mystery that the church celebrates through
the sacraments of the altar, where it is shown to her
that in this thing which
She offers she herself also is offered to God
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20. In RepentanceIn Repentance
In PraiseIn Praise
In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
In RepentanceIn Repentance
In listening to His WordIn listening to His Word
In active rememberingIn active remembering
In Communing with the Whole ChurchIn Communing with the Whole Church
In Uniting in Him – in His Body and BloodIn Uniting in Him – in His Body and Blood
The InstitutionThe Institution
21. In listening to HisIn listening to His
WordWord
In PraiseIn Praise
In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
In RepentanceIn Repentance
In listening to His WordIn listening to His Word
In active rememberingIn active remembering
In Communing with the Whole ChurchIn Communing with the Whole Church
In Uniting in Him – in His Body and BloodIn Uniting in Him – in His Body and Blood
The InstitutionThe Institution
22. In listening to HisIn listening to His
WordWord
The "destination" that all of Scripture points to is theThe "destination" that all of Scripture points to is the
Sacrifice of the Liturgy.Sacrifice of the Liturgy.
And the Liturgy is the Bible in action - right beforeAnd the Liturgy is the Bible in action - right before
our eyes the Scripture's saving truths areour eyes the Scripture's saving truths are
"actualized," made actual or real."actualized," made actual or real.
Much of the prayer and worship of the Liturgy isMuch of the prayer and worship of the Liturgy is
taken directly from Scripture or is meant to evoketaken directly from Scripture or is meant to evoke
for us the events of salvation history recorded infor us the events of salvation history recorded in
Scripture.Scripture.
In the Liturgy of the Word we actually hear theIn the Liturgy of the Word we actually hear the
Word of God in Scripture.Word of God in Scripture.
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23. In listening to HisIn listening to His
WordWord
When the Scriptures are read in church, GodWhen the Scriptures are read in church, God
himself speaks to us and Christ is present. And Hehimself speaks to us and Christ is present. And He
tells us, through the Sunday readings, how God'stells us, through the Sunday readings, how God's
plan for our salvation has played out in history,plan for our salvation has played out in history,
leading us to the Eucharistic table.leading us to the Eucharistic table.
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24. In listening to HisIn listening to His
WordWord
All readings of those forty Sundays talk about one
subject: The work of the Holy Trinity. This subject is
divided into three main parts:
1. The love of God the Father to Mankind.
2. The grace of the only begotten Son, Jesus
Christ, to His people.
3. The fellowship and gifts of the Holy Spirit.
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25. In listening to HisIn listening to His
WordWord
John 15:3 (NKJV)John 15:3 (NKJV)
3 3
You are already clean because of the word which IYou are already clean because of the word which I
have spoken to you.have spoken to you.
The InstitutionThe Institution
26. In listening to HisIn listening to His
WordWord
Following the Word of God, we profess our faith "withFollowing the Word of God, we profess our faith "with
one voice" in the words of the Creed.one voice" in the words of the Creed.
Again, there is a biblical "precedent" for this practice ofAgain, there is a biblical "precedent" for this practice of
the Liturgy.the Liturgy.
In the Old Testament, the reading of Scripture is oftenIn the Old Testament, the reading of Scripture is often
followed by a profession of faith. Indeed, when Godfollowed by a profession of faith. Indeed, when God
speaks, His Word requires an answer. The answer Godspeaks, His Word requires an answer. The answer God
desires is our vow of faith and obedience.desires is our vow of faith and obedience.
When Moses gave the Law to the Israelites, it wasWhen Moses gave the Law to the Israelites, it was
expected that they would answer. And they responded,expected that they would answer. And they responded,
"We will do everything that the Lord has told us""We will do everything that the Lord has told us"
(see Exodus 24:3).(see Exodus 24:3).
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27. In listening to HisIn listening to His
Word: The CreedWord: The Creed
And almost every word of the Creed we profess isAnd almost every word of the Creed we profess is
drawn from Scripture - we profess our faith in thedrawn from Scripture - we profess our faith in the
God revealed in Scripture, using the very words ofGod revealed in Scripture, using the very words of
Scripture.Scripture.
To take just a few examples:To take just a few examples:
•• We believe in "one God, the father" (see 1We believe in "one God, the father" (see 1
Corinthians 8:6; Ephesians 4:6); and in His "onlyCorinthians 8:6; Ephesians 4:6); and in His "only
Son" (see John 3:16); through whom all things wereSon" (see John 3:16); through whom all things were
made (see Colossians 1:16).made (see Colossians 1:16).
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28. In listening to HisIn listening to His
Word: The CreedWord: The Creed
•• "For our sake" He was crucified (see 2 Corinthians"For our sake" He was crucified (see 2 Corinthians
5:21); and He will one day come again to "judge the5:21); and He will one day come again to "judge the
living and the dead" (see Acts 10:42), and Hisliving and the dead" (see Acts 10:42), and His
kingdom will have "no end" (seeLuke 1:33).kingdom will have "no end" (seeLuke 1:33).
•• We believe in "one baptism" (see Ephesians 4:5)We believe in "one baptism" (see Ephesians 4:5)
and the life of the world to come (seeJohn 6:51).and the life of the world to come (seeJohn 6:51).
After our profession of faith, we pray for oneAfter our profession of faith, we pray for one
another and for those in need, another practice ofanother and for those in need, another practice of
the Mass that follows the example of the Newthe Mass that follows the example of the New
Testament (see James 5:16; 1 ThessaloniansTestament (see James 5:16; 1 Thessalonians
1:2; Colossians 1:9).1:2; Colossians 1:9).
The InstitutionThe Institution
29. In listening to HisIn listening to His
WordWord
In PraiseIn Praise
In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
In RepentanceIn Repentance
In listening to His WordIn listening to His Word
In active rememberingIn active remembering
In Communing with the Whole ChurchIn Communing with the Whole Church
In Uniting in Him – in His Body and BloodIn Uniting in Him – in His Body and Blood
The InstitutionThe Institution
30. The InstitutionThe Institution
At the Last Supper, Jesus took bread, andAt the Last Supper, Jesus took bread, and
blessed, and broke it, and give it to the disciplesblessed, and broke it, and give it to the disciples
and said,and said, ‘‘
Take, eat; this is My body'Take, eat; this is My body'. And He took a cup,. And He took a cup,
and when He had given thanks He gave it toand when He had given thanks He gave it to
them, saying,them, saying, 'Drink of it, all of you; for this is My'Drink of it, all of you; for this is My
blood of the new covenant, which is poured outblood of the new covenant, which is poured out
for many for the forgiveness of sins' (Matt.for many for the forgiveness of sins' (Matt.
26:26-28; cf. Mark 14:12-16; Luke 22:7-13; 126:26-28; cf. Mark 14:12-16; Luke 22:7-13; 1
Cor. 11:23-30).Cor. 11:23-30).
The InstitutionThe Institution
31. The InstitutionThe Institution
Mark 14:12-26Mark 14:12-26
12 On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, when it was12 On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, when it was
customary to sacrifice the Passover lamb, Jesus' disciples askedcustomary to sacrifice the Passover lamb, Jesus' disciples asked
him, "Where do you want us to go and make preparations for you tohim, "Where do you want us to go and make preparations for you to
eat the Passover?" eat the Passover?"
13 So he sent two of his disciples, telling them, "Go into the city, and13 So he sent two of his disciples, telling them, "Go into the city, and
a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him.a man carrying a jar of water will meet you. Follow him.
14 Say to the owner of the house he enters, 'The Teacher asks:14 Say to the owner of the house he enters, 'The Teacher asks:
Where is my guest room, where I may eat the Passover with myWhere is my guest room, where I may eat the Passover with my
disciples?'disciples?'
15 He will show you a large upper room, furnished and ready. Make15 He will show you a large upper room, furnished and ready. Make
preparations for us there."preparations for us there."
16 The disciples left, went into the city and found things just as16 The disciples left, went into the city and found things just as
Jesus had told them. So they prepared the Passover.Jesus had told them. So they prepared the Passover.
The InstitutionThe Institution
32. The InstitutionThe Institution
Mark 14:12-26Mark 14:12-26
17 When evening came, Jesus arrived with the Twelve.17 When evening came, Jesus arrived with the Twelve.
18 While they were reclining at the table eating, he said,18 While they were reclining at the table eating, he said,
"I tell you the truth, one of you will betray me—one who"I tell you the truth, one of you will betray me—one who
is eating with me."is eating with me."
19 They were saddened, and one by one they said to19 They were saddened, and one by one they said to
him, "Surely not I?"him, "Surely not I?"
20 "It is one of the Twelve," he replied, "one who dips20 "It is one of the Twelve," he replied, "one who dips
bread into the bowl with me.bread into the bowl with me.
21 The Son of Man will go just as it is written about him.21 The Son of Man will go just as it is written about him.
But woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! ItBut woe to that man who betrays the Son of Man! It
would be better for him if he had not been born."would be better for him if he had not been born."
The InstitutionThe Institution
33. The InstitutionThe Institution
Mark 14:12-26Mark 14:12-26
22 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, gave22 While they were eating, Jesus took bread, gave
thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying,thanks and broke it, and gave it to his disciples, saying,
"Take it; this is my body.""Take it; this is my body."
23 Then he took the cup, gave thanks and offered it to23 Then he took the cup, gave thanks and offered it to
them, and they all drank from it.them, and they all drank from it.
24 “This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured24 “This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured
out for many," he said to them.out for many," he said to them.
25 "I tell you the truth, I will not drink again of the fruit of25 "I tell you the truth, I will not drink again of the fruit of
the vine until that day when I drink it anew in thethe vine until that day when I drink it anew in the
kingdom of God."kingdom of God."
26 When they had sung a hymn, they went out to the26 When they had sung a hymn, they went out to the
Mount of Olives.Mount of Olives.
The InstitutionThe Institution
34. From theFrom the
GospelsGospels
John 6: 53 - 59John 6: 53 - 59
53 Jesus said to them, "I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh53 Jesus said to them, "I tell you the truth, unless you eat the flesh
of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.
54 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and54 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and
I will raise him up at the last day. 55 For my flesh is real food andI will raise him up at the last day. 55 For my flesh is real food and
my blood is real drink. 56 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks mymy blood is real drink. 56 Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my
blood remains in me, and I in him.blood remains in me, and I in him.
57 Just as the living Father sent me and I live because of the57 Just as the living Father sent me and I live because of the
Father, so the one who feeds on me will live because of me. 58 ThisFather, so the one who feeds on me will live because of me. 58 This
is the bread that came down from heaven. Your forefathers ateis the bread that came down from heaven. Your forefathers ate
manna and died, but he who feeds on this bread will live forever."manna and died, but he who feeds on this bread will live forever."
59 He said this while teaching in the synagogue in Capernaum.59 He said this while teaching in the synagogue in Capernaum.
The InstitutionThe Institution
– From the GospelsFrom the Gospels
35. From theFrom the
EpistlesEpistles
1 Cor. 10:16-171 Cor. 10:16-17
– The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not aThe cup of blessing which we bless, is it not a
participation in the blood of Christ? The breadparticipation in the blood of Christ? The bread
which we break, is it not a participation in thewhich we break, is it not a participation in the
body of Christ? Because there is one bread,body of Christ? Because there is one bread,
we who are many are one body, for we allwe who are many are one body, for we all
partake of the one bread.partake of the one bread.
The InstitutionThe Institution
– From the GospelsFrom the Gospels
– From the EpistlesFrom the Epistles
36. From theFrom the
EpistlesEpistles
1 Cor. 11:23-271 Cor. 11:23-27
23 For I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to23 For I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to
you: that the Lord Jesus on the same night in which He wasyou: that the Lord Jesus on the same night in which He was
betrayed took bread; 24 and when He had given thanks, Hebetrayed took bread; 24 and when He had given thanks, He
broke it and said, “Take, eat; this is My body which is broken forbroke it and said, “Take, eat; this is My body which is broken for
you; do this in remembrance of Me.” 25 In the same manner Heyou; do this in remembrance of Me.” 25 In the same manner He
also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the newalso took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new
covenant in My blood. This do, as often as you drink it, incovenant in My blood. This do, as often as you drink it, in
remembrance of Me.”remembrance of Me.”
26 For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you26 For as often as you eat this bread and drink this cup, you
proclaim the Lord’s death till He comes.proclaim the Lord’s death till He comes.
27 Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks this cup of the27 Therefore whoever eats this bread or drinks this cup of the
Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and bloodLord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and blood
of the Lord.of the Lord.
The InstitutionThe Institution
– From the GospelsFrom the Gospels
– From the EpistlesFrom the Epistles
37. The Meaning ofThe Meaning of
RemembranceRemembrance
In order for the words ‘take eat this is myIn order for the words ‘take eat this is my
body…’ and ‘do this in remembrance of me’ notbody…’ and ‘do this in remembrance of me’ not
to contradict, the church has always understoodto contradict, the church has always understood
‘do this in remembrance of me’ to mean:‘do this in remembrance of me’ to mean:
– The Eucharist is part of the sacrifice on the cross andThe Eucharist is part of the sacrifice on the cross and
so in the Eucharist we are not re-sacrificing the Lordso in the Eucharist we are not re-sacrificing the Lord
but being and taking part in that one and onlybut being and taking part in that one and only
Sacrifice (Heb 9:12 & 10:10)Sacrifice (Heb 9:12 & 10:10)
– In the Eucharist we are remembering by activelyIn the Eucharist we are remembering by actively
taking part – not even re-enacting. To remember howtaking part – not even re-enacting. To remember how
we love someone does not mean that we are actingwe love someone does not mean that we are acting
or had stopped loving them it is to put aside time andor had stopped loving them it is to put aside time and
continue to love them by bringing to mind.continue to love them by bringing to mind.
The InstitutionThe Institution
– From the GospelsFrom the Gospels
– From the EpistlesFrom the Epistles
– The Meaning ofThe Meaning of
RemembranceRemembrance
38. The Meaning ofThe Meaning of
RemembranceRemembrance
St. John ChrysostomSt. John Chrysostom in his Homily aboutin his Homily about
Hebrews chapter 27 writes around A.D. 390 :Hebrews chapter 27 writes around A.D. 390 :
““What then? do not we offer every day? We offerWhat then? do not we offer every day? We offer
indeed, but making a remembrance of His death,indeed, but making a remembrance of His death,
and thisand this remembranceremembrance is one and not many.is one and not many.
How is it one, and not many? Inasmuch as thatHow is it one, and not many? Inasmuch as that
Sacrifice was once for all offered, and carriedSacrifice was once for all offered, and carried
into the Holy of Holies. This is a figure of thatinto the Holy of Holies. This is a figure of that
sacrifice and this remembrance of that. For wesacrifice and this remembrance of that. For we
always offer the same, not one sheep now andalways offer the same, not one sheep now and
to-morrow another, but always the same thing:to-morrow another, but always the same thing:
so that the sacrifice is one.so that the sacrifice is one.
The InstitutionThe Institution
– From the GospelsFrom the Gospels
– From the EpistlesFrom the Epistles
– The Meaning ofThe Meaning of
RemembranceRemembrance
39. The Meaning ofThe Meaning of
RemembranceRemembrance
St. John Chrysostom in his Homily about HebrewsSt. John Chrysostom in his Homily about Hebrews
chapter 27 writes around A.D. 390 :chapter 27 writes around A.D. 390 :
And yet by this reasoning, since the offering is made in manyAnd yet by this reasoning, since the offering is made in many
places, are there many Christs? but Christ is one everywhere, beingplaces, are there many Christs? but Christ is one everywhere, being
complete here and complete there also, one Body. As then whilecomplete here and complete there also, one Body. As then while
offered in many places, He is one body and not many bodies; sooffered in many places, He is one body and not many bodies; so
also He is one sacrifice. He is our High Priest, who offered thealso He is one sacrifice. He is our High Priest, who offered the
sacrifice that cleanses us.sacrifice that cleanses us.
That we offer now also, which was then offered, which cannot beThat we offer now also, which was then offered, which cannot be
exhausted. This is done in remembrance of what was then done.exhausted. This is done in remembrance of what was then done.
For saith He "do this in remembrance of Me." ( Luke xxii. 19.) It isFor saith He "do this in remembrance of Me." ( Luke xxii. 19.) It is
not another sacrifice, as the High Priest, but we offer always thenot another sacrifice, as the High Priest, but we offer always the
same, or rather we perform a remembrance of a Sacrificesame, or rather we perform a remembrance of a Sacrifice
The InstitutionThe Institution
– From the GospelsFrom the Gospels
– From the EpistlesFrom the Epistles
– The Meaning ofThe Meaning of
RemembranceRemembrance
40. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Ignatius of Antioch around 50-St. Ignatius of Antioch around 50-
110 A.D.110 A.D.
St. Ignatius became the third bishop ofSt. Ignatius became the third bishop of
Antioch, succeeding St. Evodius, who wasAntioch, succeeding St. Evodius, who was
the immediate successor of St. Peter. Hethe immediate successor of St. Peter. He
heard St. John preach when he was a boyheard St. John preach when he was a boy
and knew St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna.and knew St. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna.
Seven of his letters written to variousSeven of his letters written to various
Christian communities have beenChristian communities have been
preserved. Eventually, he received thepreserved. Eventually, he received the
martyr's crown as he was thrown to wildmartyr's crown as he was thrown to wild
beasts in the arena.beasts in the arena.
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
– St. IgnatiusSt. Ignatius
80-110 A.D.80-110 A.D.
41. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Ignatius of Antioch around 50-110 A.D.St. Ignatius of Antioch around 50-110 A.D.
"Consider how contrary to the mind of God are the"Consider how contrary to the mind of God are the
heterodox in regard to the grace of God which hasheterodox in regard to the grace of God which has
come to us. They have no regard for charity, nonecome to us. They have no regard for charity, none
for the widow, the orphan, the oppressed, none forfor the widow, the orphan, the oppressed, none for
the man in prison, the hungry or the thirsty.the man in prison, the hungry or the thirsty.
They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer,They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer,
because they do not admit that the Eucharist is thebecause they do not admit that the Eucharist is the
flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ, the flesh whichflesh of our Savior Jesus Christ, the flesh which
suffered for our sins and which the Father, in Hissuffered for our sins and which the Father, in His
graciousness, raised from the dead."graciousness, raised from the dead."
Letter to the Smyrnaeans", paragraph 6.Letter to the Smyrnaeans", paragraph 6.
circa 80-110 A.D.circa 80-110 A.D.
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early ChurchWhat the Early Church
BelievedBelieved
– St. Ignatius 80-St. Ignatius 80-
110 A.D.110 A.D.
42. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Ignatius of Antioch around 50-110 A.D.St. Ignatius of Antioch around 50-110 A.D.
"Come together in common, one and all without"Come together in common, one and all without
exception in charity, in one faith and in one Jesus Christ,exception in charity, in one faith and in one Jesus Christ,
who is of the race of David according to the flesh, thewho is of the race of David according to the flesh, the
son of man, and the Son of God, so that with undividedson of man, and the Son of God, so that with undivided
mind you may obey the bishop and the priests, andmind you may obey the bishop and the priests, and
break one Bread which is the medicine of immortalitybreak one Bread which is the medicine of immortality
and the antidote against death, enabling us to liveand the antidote against death, enabling us to live
forever in Jesus Christ."forever in Jesus Christ." Letter to the Ephesians,Letter to the Ephesians,
paragraph 20, c. 80-110 A.Dparagraph 20, c. 80-110 A.D ..
"I have no taste for the food that perishes nor for the"I have no taste for the food that perishes nor for the
pleasures of this life. I want the Bread of God which ispleasures of this life. I want the Bread of God which is
the Flesh of Christ, who was the seed of David; and forthe Flesh of Christ, who was the seed of David; and for
drink I desire His Blood which is love that cannot bedrink I desire His Blood which is love that cannot be
destroyed."destroyed." Letter to the Romans, paragraph 7,Letter to the Romans, paragraph 7,
circa 80-110 A.D.circa 80-110 A.D.
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early ChurchWhat the Early Church
BelievedBelieved
– St. Ignatius 80-St. Ignatius 80-
110 A.D.110 A.D.
43. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.
St. Justin Martyr was born a paganSt. Justin Martyr was born a pagan
but converted to Christianity afterbut converted to Christianity after
studying philosophy. He was astudying philosophy. He was a
prolific writer and many Churchprolific writer and many Church
scholars consider him the greatestscholars consider him the greatest
apologist or defender of the faithapologist or defender of the faith
from the 2nd century. He wasfrom the 2nd century. He was
beheaded with six of hisbeheaded with six of his
companions some time betweencompanions some time between
163 and 167 A.D.163 and 167 A.D.
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early ChurchWhat the Early Church
BelievedBelieved
– St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.
– St. Justin MartyrSt. Justin Martyr
100-165 A.D.100-165 A.D.
44. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.
"This food we call the Eucharist, of which no one is"This food we call the Eucharist, of which no one is
allowed to partake except one who believes thatallowed to partake except one who believes that
the things we teach are true, and has received thethe things we teach are true, and has received the
washing for forgiveness of sins and for rebirth, andwashing for forgiveness of sins and for rebirth, and
who lives as Christ handed down to us.who lives as Christ handed down to us.
For we do not receive these things as commonFor we do not receive these things as common
bread or common drink; but as Jesus Christ ourbread or common drink; but as Jesus Christ our
Savior being incarnate by God's Word took fleshSavior being incarnate by God's Word took flesh
and blood for our salvation, so also we have beenand blood for our salvation, so also we have been
taught that the food consecrated by the Word oftaught that the food consecrated by the Word of
prayer which comes from him, from which our fleshprayer which comes from him, from which our flesh
and blood are nourished by transformation, is theand blood are nourished by transformation, is the
flesh and blood of that incarnate Jesus."flesh and blood of that incarnate Jesus."
First Apology, Ch. 66, inter A.D. 148-155.First Apology, Ch. 66, inter A.D. 148-155.
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early ChurchWhat the Early Church
BelievedBelieved
– St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.
– St. Justin MartyrSt. Justin Martyr
100-165 A.D.100-165 A.D.
45. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Irenaeus of Lyons 2St. Irenaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
Century - 202 A.D.Century - 202 A.D.
St. Irenaeus succeeded St.St. Irenaeus succeeded St.
Pothinus to become the secondPothinus to become the second
bishop of Lyons in 177 A.D. Earlierbishop of Lyons in 177 A.D. Earlier
in his life he studied under St.in his life he studied under St.
Polycarp. Considered, one of thePolycarp. Considered, one of the
greatest theologians of the 2ndgreatest theologians of the 2nd
century, St. Irenaeus is best knowncentury, St. Irenaeus is best known
for refuting the Gnostic heresies.for refuting the Gnostic heresies.
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early ChurchWhat the Early Church
BelievedBelieved
– St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.
– St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.
– St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
C to 202 A.D.C to 202 A.D.
46. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Irenaeus of Lyons 2St. Irenaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
Century - 202Century - 202
A.D.A.D.
"So then, if the mixed cup and the manufactured"So then, if the mixed cup and the manufactured
bread receive the Word of God and become thebread receive the Word of God and become the
Eucharist, that is to say, the Blood and Body ofEucharist, that is to say, the Blood and Body of
Christ, which fortify and build up the substance ofChrist, which fortify and build up the substance of
our flesh, how can these people claim that theour flesh, how can these people claim that the
flesh is incapable of receiving God's gift of eternalflesh is incapable of receiving God's gift of eternal
life, when it is nourished by Christ's Blood andlife, when it is nourished by Christ's Blood and
Body and is His member? As the blessed apostleBody and is His member? As the blessed apostle
says in his letter to the Ephesians, 'For we aresays in his letter to the Ephesians, 'For we are
members of His Body, of His flesh and of Hismembers of His Body, of His flesh and of His
bones' (Eph. 5:30).bones' (Eph. 5:30).
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early ChurchWhat the Early Church
BelievedBelieved
– St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.
– St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.
– St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
C to 202 A.D.C to 202 A.D.
47. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Irenaeus of Lyons 2St. Irenaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
Century - 202Century - 202
A.D.A.D.
No, he is talking of the organism possessed by aNo, he is talking of the organism possessed by a
real human being, composed of flesh and nervesreal human being, composed of flesh and nerves
and bones. It is this which is nourished by the cupand bones. It is this which is nourished by the cup
which is His Blood, and is fortified by the breadwhich is His Blood, and is fortified by the bread
which is His Body. The stem of the vine takes rootwhich is His Body. The stem of the vine takes root
in the earth and eventually bears fruit, and 'thein the earth and eventually bears fruit, and 'the
grain of wheat falls into the earth' (Jn. 12:24),grain of wheat falls into the earth' (Jn. 12:24),
dissolves, rises again, multiplied by the all-dissolves, rises again, multiplied by the all-
containing Spirit of God, and finally after skilledcontaining Spirit of God, and finally after skilled
processing, is put to human use. These two thenprocessing, is put to human use. These two then
receive the Word of God and become thereceive the Word of God and become the
Eucharist, which is the Body and Blood of Christ."Eucharist, which is the Body and Blood of Christ."
Five Books on the Unmasking andFive Books on the Unmasking and
Refutation of the FalselyRefutation of the Falsely
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early ChurchWhat the Early Church
BelievedBelieved
– St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.
– St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.
– St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
C to 202 A.D.C to 202 A.D.
48. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Clement of Alexandria 150 - 211 A.D.St. Clement of Alexandria 150 - 211 A.D.
Studied under Pantaenus. He later succeeded him asStudied under Pantaenus. He later succeeded him as
the director of the school of catechumens in Alexandria,the director of the school of catechumens in Alexandria,
Egypt around the year 200 A.D. He united GreekEgypt around the year 200 A.D. He united Greek
philosophical traditions with Christian doctrine andphilosophical traditions with Christian doctrine and
valuedvalued gnosisgnosis that with communion for all people couldthat with communion for all people could
be held by common Christians specially chosen by God.be held by common Christians specially chosen by God.
He used the term "gnostic" for Christians who hadHe used the term "gnostic" for Christians who had
attained the deeper teaching of the Logos. He developedattained the deeper teaching of the Logos. He developed
a Christian Platonism. He presented the goal of Christiana Christian Platonism. He presented the goal of Christian
life as deification, identified both as Platonism'slife as deification, identified both as Platonism's
assimilation into God and the biblical imitation of God.assimilation into God and the biblical imitation of God.
Like Origen, he arose from Alexandria's CatecheticalLike Origen, he arose from Alexandria's Catechetical
School and was well versed in pagan literature. OrigenSchool and was well versed in pagan literature. Origen
succeeded Clement as head of the school. Alexandriasucceeded Clement as head of the school. Alexandria
had a major Christian community in early Christianity,had a major Christian community in early Christianity,
noted for its scholarship and its high-quality copies ofnoted for its scholarship and its high-quality copies of
Scripture.Scripture.
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early ChurchWhat the Early Church
BelievedBelieved
– St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.
– St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.
– St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
C toC to
202 A.D.202 A.D.
– St. Clement of AlexandriaSt. Clement of Alexandria
150 – 211 A.D.150 – 211 A.D.
49. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Clement of Alexandria 150St. Clement of Alexandria 150
- 211 A.D.- 211 A.D.
"The Blood of the Lord, indeed, is twofold. There is His"The Blood of the Lord, indeed, is twofold. There is His
corporeal Blood, by which we are redeemed from corruption;corporeal Blood, by which we are redeemed from corruption;
and His spiritual Blood, that with which we are anointed. That isand His spiritual Blood, that with which we are anointed. That is
to say, to drink the Blood of Jesus is to share in His immortality.to say, to drink the Blood of Jesus is to share in His immortality.
The strength of the Word is the Spirit just as the blood is theThe strength of the Word is the Spirit just as the blood is the
strength of the body. Similarly, as wine is blended with water,strength of the body. Similarly, as wine is blended with water,
so is the Spirit with man. The one, the Watered Wine, nourishesso is the Spirit with man. The one, the Watered Wine, nourishes
in faith, while the other, the Spirit, leads us on to immortality.in faith, while the other, the Spirit, leads us on to immortality.
The union of both, however, - of the drink and of the Word, - isThe union of both, however, - of the drink and of the Word, - is
called the Eucharist, a praiseworthy and excellent gift. Thosecalled the Eucharist, a praiseworthy and excellent gift. Those
who partake of it in faith are sanctified in body and in soul. Bywho partake of it in faith are sanctified in body and in soul. By
the will of the Father, the divine mixture, man, is mysticallythe will of the Father, the divine mixture, man, is mystically
united to the Spirit and to the Word.",united to the Spirit and to the Word.",
"The Instructor of the Children". [2,2,19,4] ante 202"The Instructor of the Children". [2,2,19,4] ante 202
A.D.,A.D.,
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early ChurchWhat the Early Church
BelievedBelieved
– St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.
– St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.
– St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
C toC to
202 A.D.202 A.D.
– St. Clement of AlexandriaSt. Clement of Alexandria
150 – 211 A.D.150 – 211 A.D.
50. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Clement ofSt. Clement of
Alexandria 150 - 211Alexandria 150 - 211
A.D.A.D.
"The Word is everything to a child: both Father and"The Word is everything to a child: both Father and
Mother, both Instructor and Nurse. 'Eat My Flesh,'Mother, both Instructor and Nurse. 'Eat My Flesh,'
He says, 'and drink My Blood.' The Lord suppliesHe says, 'and drink My Blood.' The Lord supplies
us with these intimate nutrients. He delivers overus with these intimate nutrients. He delivers over
His Flesh, and pours out His Blood; and nothing isHis Flesh, and pours out His Blood; and nothing is
lacking for the growth of His children. O incrediblelacking for the growth of His children. O incredible
mystery!",mystery!",
"The Instructor of the Children" [1,6,41,3]"The Instructor of the Children" [1,6,41,3]
ante 202 A.D.ante 202 A.D.
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early ChurchWhat the Early Church
BelievedBelieved
– St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.
– St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.
– St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
C toC to
202 A.D.202 A.D.
– St. Clement of AlexandriaSt. Clement of Alexandria
150 – 211 A.D.150 – 211 A.D.
51. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Athanasius theSt. Athanasius the
Apostolic 293 – 373Apostolic 293 – 373
A.D.A.D.
St. Athanasius was born in Alexandria ca.St. Athanasius was born in Alexandria ca.
295 A.D. He was ordained a deacon in295 A.D. He was ordained a deacon in
319 A.D. He accompanied his bishop,319 A.D. He accompanied his bishop,
Alexander, to the Council of Nicaea,Alexander, to the Council of Nicaea,
where he served as his secretary.where he served as his secretary.
Eventually he succeeded Alexander asEventually he succeeded Alexander as
Bishop of Alexandria. He is most knownBishop of Alexandria. He is most known
for defending Nicene doctrine againstfor defending Nicene doctrine against
Arian disputes.Arian disputes.
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early Church BelievedWhat the Early Church Believed
– St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.
– St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.
– St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
C toC to
202 A.D.202 A.D.
– St. Clement of Alexandria 150 –St. Clement of Alexandria 150 –
211 A.D.211 A.D.
– St. Athanasius theSt. Athanasius the
Apostolic 293 – 373 A.D.Apostolic 293 – 373 A.D.
52. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
St. Athanasius theSt. Athanasius the
Apostolic 293 – 373 A.D.Apostolic 293 – 373 A.D.
““The great Athanasius in his sermon to the newlyThe great Athanasius in his sermon to the newly
baptized says this:' You shall see the Levites bringingbaptized says this:' You shall see the Levites bringing
loaves and a cup of wine, and placing them on the table.loaves and a cup of wine, and placing them on the table.
So long as the prayers of supplication and entreatiesSo long as the prayers of supplication and entreaties
have not been made, there is only bread and wine. Buthave not been made, there is only bread and wine. But
after the great and wonderful prayers have beenafter the great and wonderful prayers have been
completed, then the bread is become the Body, and thecompleted, then the bread is become the Body, and the
wine the Blood, of our Lord Jesus Christ. 'And again:' Letwine the Blood, of our Lord Jesus Christ. 'And again:' Let
us approach the celebration of the mysteries. This breadus approach the celebration of the mysteries. This bread
and this wine, so long as the prayers and supplicationsand this wine, so long as the prayers and supplications
have not taken place, remain simply what they are. Buthave not taken place, remain simply what they are. But
after the great prayers and holy supplications have beenafter the great prayers and holy supplications have been
sent forth, the Word comes down into the bread andsent forth, the Word comes down into the bread and
wine - and thus His Body is confected.",wine - and thus His Body is confected.",
"Sermon to the Newly Baptized" ante 373 A.D."Sermon to the Newly Baptized" ante 373 A.D.
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early Church BelievedWhat the Early Church Believed
– St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.
– St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.
– St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
C toC to
202 A.D.202 A.D.
– St. Clement of Alexandria 150 –St. Clement of Alexandria 150 –
211 A.D.211 A.D.
– St. Athanasius theSt. Athanasius the
Apostolic 293 – 373 A.D.Apostolic 293 – 373 A.D.
53. What the EarlyWhat the Early
Church BelievedChurch Believed
ConclusionConclusion
– The Early Church were inThe Early Church were in
no doubt as to the realno doubt as to the real
meaning of the Eucharistmeaning of the Eucharist
being the real Body andbeing the real Body and
Blood of Christ.Blood of Christ.
– Are you?Are you?
The InstitutionThe Institution
What the Early Church BelievedWhat the Early Church Believed
– St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.St. Ignatius 80-110 A.D.
– St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.St. Justin Martyr 100-165 A.D.
– St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2St. Iranaeus of Lyons 2ndnd
C to 202C to 202
A.D.A.D.
– St. Clement of Alexandria 150 – 211St. Clement of Alexandria 150 – 211
A.D.A.D.
– St. Athanasius the Apostolic 293 –St. Athanasius the Apostolic 293 –
373 A.D.373 A.D.
– ConclusionConclusion
54. In Communing withIn Communing with
the Whole Churchthe Whole Church
In PraiseIn Praise
In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
In RepentanceIn Repentance
In listening to His WordIn listening to His Word
In active rememberingIn active remembering
In Communing with the Whole ChurchIn Communing with the Whole Church
In Uniting in Him – in His Body and BloodIn Uniting in Him – in His Body and Blood
The InstitutionThe Institution
55. In Communing withIn Communing with
the Whole Churchthe Whole Church
"Make us all worthy, O"Make us all worthy, O Our Master, toOur Master, to
partake of Your Holies for the purification ofpartake of Your Holies for the purification of
our souls, bodies and spirits, that weour souls, bodies and spirits, that we
become one body and one spirit, and maybecome one body and one spirit, and may
share the inheritance with all the saints whoshare the inheritance with all the saints who
have pleased You ever since thehave pleased You ever since the
beginning."beginning."
The InstitutionThe Institution
56. In Communing withIn Communing with
the Whole Churchthe Whole Church
In PraiseIn Praise
In ThanksgivingIn Thanksgiving
In RepentanceIn Repentance
In listening to His WordIn listening to His Word
In active rememberingIn active remembering
In Communing with the Whole ChurchIn Communing with the Whole Church
In Uniting in Him – in His Body and BloodIn Uniting in Him – in His Body and Blood
The InstitutionThe Institution