The document discusses various types of cyber crimes such as cyber defamation, forgery, online gambling, intellectual property crimes, and financial crimes. It provides examples of different cyber crimes including phishing scams, identity theft, cyber terrorism, and computer hacking. Cyber crimes can involve using computers as tools to commit offenses like distributing malware, or targeting computers and data directly through hacking and data theft. The document aims to educate about the different genres of cyber crimes and techniques used by cyber criminals.

1. The Genesis of Cyber
Crimes
Dr Sapna Deo

2. “Unlawful acts wherein the
computer is either a tool or
target or both
Tool Target
•CYBER DEFAMATION
•FORGERY
•ONLINE GAMBLING
•INTERNET TIME THEFT
• FINANCIAL CRIMES
•INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
CRIMES
•SALE OF ILLEGAL ARTICLES
TROJANS AND KEYLOGGERS
•EMAIL BOMBING
•DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK
•WEB DEFACEMENT
•SALAMI ATTACK
•LOGIC BOMBS
•CYBER STALKING
•EMAIL SPOOFING
Dr Sapna Deo

3. Cybersquatting
• Cybersquatting is registering, trafficking in,
or using a domain name with bad faith
intent to profit from the goodwill of a
trademark belonging to someone else.
Cybersquatters will either monetize
accidental traffic to their site through ads, or
offer to sell the domain name to someone
else at a grossly inflated price
Dr Sapna Deo

4. Domain
Dr Sapna Deo

5. • Obtaining of a domain name in order to
seek payment from the owner of the
trademark .
• One person uses a domain name that is
already being used by some other person,
• Either to reap undue benefit from such
reputed or
• popular name or
• in order to take money
Cyber Squatting : Domain Names
/Passing Off Actions
Dr Sapna Deo

6. Typosquatting
• Cybersquatters also use the practice of
typosquatting to snare careless Internet users.
• They register common misspellings of
websites in order to redirect traffic intended
for the actual site to their site. Eg.
• albequerquebusinesslaw.com to snag visitors
intending to reach
albuquerquebusinesslaw.com, capitalizing on
the fact that Albuquerque is a difficult name to
spell. Dr Sapna Deo

7. Phishing
• phishing is a term used to describe a malicious
individual or group of individuals who scam
users.
• They do so by sending e-mails or creating web
pages that are designed to collect an individual's
online bank, credit card, or other login
information.
• Because these e-mails and web pages look like
legitimate companies users trust them and enter
their personal information..
Dr Sapna Deo

8. Example
• Dear eBay customer,
Your Account has been Suspended. We
will ask for your password only once. We
will charge your account once per year.
However you will receive a confirmation
request in about 24 hours after the make
complete unsuspend process. You have 24 hours
from the time you'll receive the e-mail to complete this
eBay request.
Note: Ignoring this message can cause eBay TKO delete
your account forever.
Dr Sapna Deo

9. • Bay will request personal data(password;and
so on) in this email.
Thank you for using eBay!
http://www.ebay.com/
-------------------------------------------------------
--------------
This eBay notice was sent to you based on
your eBay account preferences. If you would
like to review your notification preferences
for other communications, click here. If you
would like to receive this email in text only,
click here. Dr Sapna Deo

10. What to do if you are not sure
if an e-mail is official.
• Never follow any links in an e-mail. Instead of following
the link in the e-mail, visit the page by manually typing the
address of the company. For example, in the above
example, instead of visiting the fake eBay URL, you
would type: http://www.ebay.com in your web browser
and log in to the official website.
• Never send any personal information through e-mail. If a
company is requesting personal information about your
account or are saying your account is invalid, visit the web
page and log into the account as you normally would.
Dr Sapna Deo

11. Common companies affected
by phishing
• Any major bank
• Popular websites such as Amazon,
Facebook, MySpace, PayPal, eBay,
Microsoft, Apple, Hotmail, YouTube, etc.
• Government: FBI, CIA, IRS, etc.
• Internet service providers such as AOL,
Comcast, Cox, MSN, etc.
• Casinos and lottery.
• Online dating or community websites.
Dr Sapna Deo

12. Both Smishing and Vishing are
forms of Internet Phishing.
• Smishing
• "Smishing" stands for SMS Phishing.
• a message with an urgent tone is sent to the
user to take action.
• The text message usually asks the user to
call a phone number or go to a Website to
take immediate action.
Dr Sapna Deo

13. Vishing / Voice Phishing
• When a fraudster creates an automated voice
system to make voice calls to phone users to
ask for private information it is called Vishing
or Voice Phishing.
• the voice call creates a sense of urgency for
the user to take action and provide
information to do so.
Dr Sapna Deo

14. • Deliberately destroying or damaging property of
another.
• It includes – any kind of physical harm done to the
computer of any other person.
• The intention of the offender is generally cause
damage or harassment to the computer owner.
• The use of internet to hinder the normal functioning
of a computer system
• Corruption and destruction of Digital property
Computer Vandalism
Dr Sapna Deo

15. Email fraud
• Email fraud is the intentional deception made for
personal gain or to damage another individual through
Email Almost as soon as Email became widely used,
it began to be used as a means to defraud people.
• Email fraud can take the form of a con game or scam.
Confidence tricks tend to exploit the inherent greed
and dishonesty of their victims: the prospect of a
'bargain' or 'something for nothing' can be very
tempting.
Dr Sapna Deo

16. Internet Time Theft
• Basically, Internet time theft comes under hacking.
• It is the use by an unauthorised person, of the Internet hours
paid for by another person.
• The person who gets access to some one else’s ISP user ID and
password, either by hacking or by gaining access to it by illegal
means, uses it to access the Internet without the other person’s
knowledge.
• You can identify time theft if your Internet time has to be
recharged often, despite infrequent usage.
• This connotes the usage by an unauthorized person of the
Internet hours paid for by another person
Dr Sapna Deo

17. Sale of Illegal Articles
• Sale of illegal articles narcotics drugs, weapons,
wildlife
• It is practically impossible to control or prevent a
criminal from setting up a website to transact in
illegal articles
• there are several online payment gateways that can
transfer money around the world at the click of a
button.
Dr Sapna Deo

18. Illustration
• A branch of the erstwhile Global Trust Bank
in India experienced a run on the bank.
Numerous customers decided to withdraw all
their money and close their
• accounts.
• An investigation revealed that someone had
sent out spoofed emails to many of the
bank’s customers stating that the bank was
• in very bad shape financially and could close
operations at any time.
• The spoofed email appeared to have
originated from the bank itself.Dr Sapna Deo

19. Cyber Pornography
• Cyber pornography covers pornographic websites,
pornographic magazines produced using
computers (to publish and print the material)
• and the Internet (to download and transmit
pornographic pictures, photos, writings etc).
Dr Sapna Deo

20. Intellectual Property Crimes
Dr Sapna Deo

21. Trojans and Keyloggers
• A Trojan, as this program is aptly called, is
an unauthorized program
• which functions from inside what seems to
be an authorized program,
• thereby concealing what it is actually doing.
Dr Sapna Deo

22. Use of encryption by terrorists
• A disturbing trend that is emerging nowadays is
the increasing use of
• encryption, high-frequency encrypted
voice/data links, encryption
• software like Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) etc by
terrorists and members of organized crime
cartels.
Dr Sapna Deo

23. Financial Crimes
• Money is the most common motive behind all crime. The same is
also true for cyber crime. Globally it is being observed that more and
more cyber crimes are being committed for financial motives rather
than for “revenge” or for “fun”.
• With the tremendous increase in the use of internet and mobile
banking, online share trading, dematerialization of shares and
securities, this trend is likely to increase unabated.
• Financial crimes include cyber cheating, credit card frauds, money
laundering, hacking into bank servers, computer manipulation,
accounting scams etc.
• Illustration 1
• Punjab National Bank in India was cheated to the tune of Rs. 13.9
million through false debits and credits in computerized accountsDr Sapna Deo

24. Cyber Defamation
• This occurs when defamation takes place
with the help of computers and
• / or the Internet.
• e.g. Sameer publishes defamatory matter
about Pooja on a website or sends e-mails
containing defamatory information to
Pooja’s friends.
Dr Sapna Deo

25. Cyber terrorism
• Cyber terrorism is the premeditated use of
disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, in
cyber space, with the
• intention to further social, ideological,
religious, political or
• similar objectives, or to intimidate any
person in furtherance of such objectives.
Dr Sapna Deo

26. Characteristics of Cyber
Terrorism.
 Attack is predefined and victims are
specifically targeted.
Attack has an objective to destroy or damage
specific targets such as political, economic,
energy, civil and military infrastructures.
Attack may even target specific opposing
religious group’s information infrastructures to
insight religious pandemonium
Dr Sapna Deo

27. • The purpose of any attack is to create fear of the
group’s intentions
• and further their own political agenda or goals
or gain fellowship by succeeding in their attacks.
• Destroy the enemy’s capabilities to further
operate or operate within their own arena
• Persuade others to believe that the victim or
victims are vulnerable and their stability
negligent.
• Section 66F of IT Act..(Refer next slides)
Dr Sapna Deo

28. THANK
YOU
Dr Sapna Deo