Society is turning digital and so its crimes. Internet is not only a great tool for research, it is also a perfect place for criminal... how to apply law in those cases? Create another jurisdiction?

1. Computer Crime
Another Jurisdiction?
Germán Terán
Social Communication Student
Universidad de Lima
Perú
tersamge@hotmail.com

2. Structure
• Crime history
• Types of crime
• Another types of crime
• Special crime adv. Found on internet.
• National & International Efforts + Cb.crime
Future.
• Conclusion

3. Crime & Cybercrime
• Crime
– Engaging in conduct
that has been outlawed
by a particular society.
– Harm to: Individuals,
property, government
and morality.
• Cybercrime
– Differ in the tool: guns
are change for
computers.

4. Cybercriminals + computer technology = difficulties to apply the law.
not only real-world crimes by using computers…

5. DDoS attack
• Distributed Denial of Service.
– Harm upon property by shutting down a website.
– The attack doesn’t fit in conceptual category the law has
devised to deal with crime.

6. Emergence of cybercrime
• 1950- word “hack” is use to refer to creative
college pranks and migrate to computer culture.
• 1960- first published accounts of computers
being used illegally.
– Crimes committed by insiders.
• 1969- ARPANET link computers in hundred of
universities.
• 1980- Personal networked computer .
– Hackers were up to no good.

7. Phone Phreaking
• Manipulating the telephone
system
– Provide free long-
distance service.
– Prosecuted under
existing law (fraud or
theft)
– Phone phreaks move on
to hacking in the 1980s

8. Meanwhile…
• First civilian bulletin board
system on-line in Chicago.
Some engaged in darker
activities.
• 1984- Hacker groups appear.
Robert Tappan – Morris worm
Legion Of Doom (LOD),
Masters of deception
(MOD), etc. War startetd.
• 1988- Robert Tappan Morris
released the first Internet
worm.
Chris Goggans (LOD) Mark Abene (MOD)

9. Hacking
• Kevin Poulsen jumped from
Phone phreak to hacking.
• Attacks to Pacific Bell
Telephone Company and
federal government
installations.
• Apprehended in 1991-Charges:
accessed device fraud,
conspiracy, wiretapping,
computer fraud, mail fraud,
money laundering and
espionage.
Kevin Poulsen
Kevin Mitnick was the first hacker included in FBI’S MOS WANTED list.

10. Malware
• Robert Tappan Morris “invented” the network malware.
• He demostrate how quickly malware can spread from system to system.
• 1999- Melissa is the first mass-mailing computer virus.
• At first malware was not addresss by local criminal law.

11. Theft
• 1994- Vladimir Levin
siphoned millions of dollars
from Citibank accounts.
• Use of computers
technology to obtain funds
belonging to someone else.
• Traditional crime in a no
traditional way.
Vladimir Levin
China: Song Chenglin used a computer at an Internet Café to hack 158 accounts at the ICBC

12. Fraud
• “Official” fraud • Internet auction fraud
– Transfer millions – Factory direct products
• Lottery fraud • Identity theft
– “Won” the lottery • Specific legislation is not needed.

13. Child Pornography
• Internet provides less risk of
being identified.
• Highly organized, global
subculture.
• Many of them are in
countries where child
pornography is not a priority
for law enforcement.
• What is child pornography?
Definition of child.

14. Extortion
• Same dynamic as in real-world
• Threaten to reveal sensitive information of an online business.
• DDoS Attack to Casinos.
• Will eventually be directed to bigger organizations.

15. Cyberterrorism
• Terrorism: Commission of criminal acts for
political motives.
• Has involved the use of methods of physical
destruction.
• USA Patriot ACT
– Hacking, cracking, extortion, fraud and malware.

16. Warning
Korean Warning on the internet

17. Internet Homicide
• Distribution of Hardcore and Snuff Movies
• A face to face date with online friend can turn deadly.
• Consensual homicide.

18. Rotenburg Cannibal
• Germany .- March 9, 2001.
– Armin Meiwes (Cannibal)
– Bernd Jürgen Brandes (Victime)
• Armin post a message on “The Cannibal Café” website.
• Documentary: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1299254578438715427

19. Internet Suicide
• Suicide pact made on
internet.
• Most of cases have ocurred
in Japan.
– Some of them are also in
China, South Korea,
Germany, USA, etc.
• Traditional suicide pacts
involved older peole (50-60
years old)
• Internet suicide pact now
involve young people,
usually teenagers.
Check this link for more information: http://www.espacoacademico.com.br/044/44eueno_ing.htm

20. Online Mercenaries
• Found by searching material for this
presentation.
• http://club.telepolis.com/servmerc/index.htm

24. + =
PC + Internet = Cybercrime legislation far more imperative

25. National & International Efforts
• First Wave (privacy)
– Sweden (1973) ; USA (1974); Federal Republic of German (1977);
Austria, Denmark, France and Norway (1978), etc.
• Second Wave (property)
– Italy (1978); UK (1981,1990); USA (1980s); Canada and Denmark
(1985), etc.
• Third Wave (intellectual property)
• Convention on Cybercrime
– Ensuring that countries adopt procedural laws.
– International cooperation.
– Harmonizing national cybercrime law.
– Domestic law criminalizes: Attacks on PC data or system; Pc tech. to
commit fraud or forgery; Pc tech. to create Child Pornograpy.; infringe
copyright.

26. Cybercrime: the future
• Two main trends:
– Professionalization of Cybercrime (creation of cybermafias,
similar to italian families in early of US history).
– Increasing the automization of Cybercrime.

27. Clever cybercriminals can enjoy the benefits of
criminal organization without its disadvantages.
Definitely this is another arena for human activity.
But, is it legally another jurisdiction?
This seems to be more than a study case because all we studied in
Information Society class can turn into a crime activity
What can we do?