psychotherapies

1. Cognitive and Cognitive
Behavioural Therapy
Presented by-: Deekshana
Chaithra
Gayathri
Ramya
Mercy
Blesy

2. INTRODUCTION
• The word ‘cognition’ is derived from the Latin word
cognoscere, meaning “to know” or “to come to know”.
Thus, cognition includes the activities and processes
concerned with the acquisition, storage, retrieval and
processing of knowledge.

3. APPROACHES
There are four major approaches that try to explain the various
cognitive processes by highlighting the different important features.
1. Experimental Cognitive Psychology
2. Computational Cognitive Psychology
3. Cognitive Neuropsychology
4. Cognitive Neuroscience
Cognitive and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy both are used to study
Cognitive Psychology and Behaviourism.
There are two main important themes-
• Cognitive process influences our emotions motivation and behaviour.
• The use of cognitive and behaviour change techniques in a hypothesis
testing manner.

4. COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY
• Late 20th Century.. originated in the work of psychiatrist Aaron Beck.
• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapeutic
treatment that helps people learn how to identify and change destructive
or disturbing thought patterns that have a negative influence on behavior
and emotions.
• CBT is a "problem-focused" and "action-oriented" form of therapy.
• Thoughts are identified, challenged, and replaced with more objective,
realistic thoughts.

5. TOOLS IN CBT-
• Regular one-to-one or group discussion sessions, or a combination of both.
• Frequent feedback
• Role-playing activities
• Ways to calm the mind and body
• Gradually increasing exposure to things that cause fear.
• Homework assignments
• Keeping a cognitive behavioral diary
• Practicing the skills learned to promote positive behavioral change and growth.

7. RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY
• Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is a type of therapy introduced
by Albert Ellis in the 1950s.
• It’s an approach that helps you identify irrational beliefs and negative
thought patterns that may lead to emotional or behavioral issues.
• Unrealistic assumptions and self-demands inevitably spell problems.
• A therapist will help develop strategies to replace negative thought
patterns with more rational thought patterns.

8. METHODS OF REBT
• Rational confrontation
• Behaviorally oriented techniques.
Stand on personal worth and human values.

9. COGNITIVE THERAPY
• Cognitive therapy focuses on present thinking, behavior, and
communication rather than on past experiences and is oriented
toward problem solving.
• Based on the concept that the way we think about things affects how
we feel emotionally.
• The therapist assists the patient in identifying specific
distortions(using cognitive assessment) and biases in thinking and
provides guidance to how to change this thinking.

10. Goals of Cognitive Therapy Include:
• Promotion of self awareness.
• Understanding perceptions
• Emphasis on current situation.
• Development of self control
• Prevention of future episodes by helping clients change
core beliefs .

11. Cognitive therapy is a treatment option for a number of mental
disorders, including-:
• Agoraphobia
• Alzheimer's disease
• Anxiety or Panic Disorder
• Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Eating disorders
• OCD, PTSD
• Schizophrenia, social phobia, substance abuse.
• Anger management , insomnia.

12. BECK’S COGNITIVE THERAPY
• A form of psychotherapy developed by psychiatrist
Aaron Beck that focuses on altering faulty thinking
patterns.
• The belief that what we think influences how we feel,
behave and react to our environment.
• The goal of CT is to identify and alter our distorted or
negative beliefs in order to improve our behaviours and
lives.

13. BECK’S NEGATIVE TRIAD

14. APPROACHES
1. In CT clients learn about the connection between their
emotional responses, Automatic thoughts ,Schemes , Cognitive
distortions.
2. Therapy sessions and homework assignments- applying
learning principles to alter the client's biased and dysfunctional
cognitions.
3. The client is encouraged to discover the faulty assumptions or
dysfunctional schemas in order to resist relapse.

15. EVALUATION OF THE THERAPIES
• REBT - still very much alive-helping basically healthy people to cope
better with everyday stress-inferior to exposure-based therapies in the
treatment of anxiety disorders-of Beck’s cognitive treatment methods has
been well documented-treatment of panic disorder and generalized
anxiety disorder.

16. Recent data of CBT
1. CBT -treatment of depression
2. Females benefit more than male.
3. Experienced clinicians-better treatment effects.
4. Decreasing overtime

17. • CBT can help you manage problems, such as
anxiety and depression and make them less
likely to have a negative impact on your life.
There is always a risk that bad feelings you
associate with your problem will return, but
with your CBT skills it should be easier for
you to control them.