The document outlines the Paris Agreement's adaptation goals and the process for integrating agriculture in National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), highlighting key objectives such as enhancing adaptive capacity, resilience, and reducing vulnerability to climate change. It emphasizes the importance of coherent integration of climate adaptation into development policies and outlines specific technical and financial support available for least developed countries (LDCs) to formulate and implement these plans. Furthermore, it addresses challenges and opportunities in achieving effective adaptation outcomes while ensuring alignment with sustainable development goals.

1. Paris Agreement and the NAP
process
Global Capacity Development Workshop: Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans
5-7 April 2016, Rome, Italy

2. Adaptation milestones under the Convention

3. Adaptation under the Agreement (Article 7)
Global goal on adaptation
• Enhancing adaptive capacity
• Strengthening resilience
• Reducing vulnerability to
climate change
• Sustainable development
• Global average temperature to
well below 2°C
Recognition of adaptation
efforts of developing
country Parties
• To also be considered under
the global stocktake
Adaptation
communications
To include
• Priorities
• Implementation and support
needs
• Plans and actions
Link to disaster risk
reduction
• Parties recognize that pursuing
efforts towards 1.5°C would
significantly reduce the risks
and impacts of climate change
Global stocktake
• To recognize adaptation efforts
• Enhance implementation of
adaptation
• Review adequacy and
effectiveness of adaptation and
support
• Review progress in achieving
the global goal on adaptation

4. Recent developments on adaptation from COP 21
19/CP.21 – LDC
matters/LEG
Extension of LEG
mandate under current
terms of reference
Additional elements to
be addressed by the
LEG
Next review of the work
of the LEG in 2020
4/CP.21 –
NAPs
Countries to submit
NAPs through NAP
Central
LEG, AC to provide info
to developing countries
on accessing funding
from the GCF for NAPs
Review of progress
made on NAPs in 2018
1/CP.21 –
Adoption of
the PA
Contains mandates to
the AC and the LEG
work to give effect to
the Agreement
Technical examination
process on adaptation
(TEP-A)
Request to GCF to
expedite support for
formulation of NAPs,
and implementation of
policies, projects and
programmes
AC, NWP and
loss and
damage
Review of the work of
the AC in 2016

5. A focus on NAPs

6. National adaptation plans
Established under the CAF (decision 1/CP.16, paras 15 to 18)
As a process to enable LDCs to formulate and implement NAPs,
building upon their experience in preparing and implementing NAPAs,
as a means of identifying medium- and long-term adaptation needs
and developing and implementing strategies and programmes to
address those needs. Other developing country Parties are invited to
employ the modalities formulated to support the NAPs.
Objectives of the NAP process (decision 5/CP.17) are:
a) To reduce vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, by
building adaptive capacity and resilience;
b) To facilitate the integration of climate change adaptation,
in a coherent manner, into relevant new and existing policies,
programmes and activities, in particular development planning
processes and strategies, within all relevant sectors and at
different levels, as appropriate.

7. Global goal on adaptation
…enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening
resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate
change, with a view to contributing to sustainable
development and ensuring an adequate adaptation
response in the context of the temperature goal.

8. Technical guidelines for the NAP process
Laying the
Groundwork
and addressing
gaps
Preparatory
elements
Implementation
strategies
Reporting,
Monitoring,
Review
A.1. Initiating the NAP process
A.2.: Stocktaking
A.3.: Addressing Capacity Gaps
A.4.: Development Needs and Climate
Vulnerabilities
B.1. Analysing Current & Future Climate
B.2. Assessing Climate Vulnerabilities and
Adaptation Options
B.3. Review and Appraisal of Options
B.4. Compiling, Communicating NAPs
B.5.Integrating NAP into Development, Planning
C.1. Prioritizing CCA in National Planning
C.2. Long-term Implementation Strategy
C.3. Enhancing Capacity for Planning,
Implementation
C.4. Promoting Coordination and Synergy
D.1. Monitoring the NAP Process
D.2. Assess Progress, Effectiveness, Gaps
D.3. Iteratively Update NAPs
D.4. Outreach and Reporting on Progress

9. Note: The figure shows steps and their outputs (in blue) that act as inputs for subsequent steps.
Abbreviations: M&E = monitoring and evaluation, NAP = national adaptation plan.
Sample process to formulate and implement a national adaptation plan

10. The Development-Centred approach to formulating a NAP

11. Adaptation development themes as a way to align adaptation with development
The LEG developed the following cross-cutting themes under the Step by Step Guide for
NAPAs as a way to capture main areas for adaptation assessment:
1.Agriculture and food security: Achieve and safeguard food security
2.Water Resources: Achieve and safeguard water security and sanitation
3.Physical Safety: Protecting life and property against climatic extremes and disasters
including along low-lying and coastal areas
4.Protecting livelihoods and enhancing adaptive capacity
5.Climate-proofing major components of national economies and sustainable development
(Climate-proofing the socio-economic growth engine)
6.Supporting and enhancing Human Health and Safety
7.Protecting and enhancing ecosystem structure and function for sustainable provision of
Ecosystem Goods and Services including land use
8.Climate-proofing renewable Energy Sources and Supplies
9.Protecting and preserving Cultural Values and Cultural Systems
10.Protecting and improving the design of critical Infrastructure and Land Use Planning

12. Flow diagram – example from a typical NAP workshop

13. Elements from Paris Outcome with specific links to NAPs
• Clear link to funding - The COP requested the Green Climate
Fund to expedite support for the least developed countries and
other developing country Parties for the formulation of national
adaptation plans, consistent with decisions 1/CP.16 and 5/CP.17,
and for the subsequent implementation of policies, projects and
programmes identified by them; (paragraph 47, Decision 1/CP.21)
• Global adaptation goal coherent with objectives of NAP process
• Link to sustainable development goals through objective b of
the process (integration)
• Global temperature goal of <2C
• implication on assessment, instead of focusing on a full
range of scenarios
• More of a policy directive and not to be confused with the
view of the scientists

14. Available support for NAPs
I. Technical support
– The LDC Expert Group (LEG)
– The Adaptation Committee
– Global support programmes
– Global/regional networks and centres
II. Financial support
– The Global Environment Facility (GEF) through the LDCF
and SCCF
– The Green Climate Fund (GCF) through the readiness and
the projects and programmes stream
– Funding from bilateral and multilateral agencies

15. LEG Support
Vision for adaptation in the LDCs with the supporting role of the
LEG
By 2020 the LDCs have achieved demonstrable results towards building
adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to
climate change – they have formulated robust/quality National Adaptation
Plans and are implementing priority adaptation needs identified by them
with funding from the GCF, and other sources, and they have a well-
structured adaptation planning process in place

16. Impacts reflecting long-term success of the work of the LEG in supporting
adaptation in the LDCs: 1/2
• Policy makers in the LDCs are motivated to take steps towards the
achievement of the global adaptation goal through National Adaptation
Plans by 2018-20 as they implement the Paris Agreement
• LDCs have put in place the essential functions (structures and
systems) at national levels for ensuring a successful process to
formulate and implement NAPs
• The process established to underpin the formulation and
implementation of National Adaptation Plans is functioning smoothly
and contributing to the iterative identification of adaptation needs and
options and is supporting successful implementation of adaptation
actions
• National Adaptation Plans are formulated by 2018 and latest 2020

17. Impacts reflecting long-term success of the work of the LEG in supporting
adaptation in the LDCs: 2/2
• The LDCs are accessing GCF support for the formulation of NAPs
before end of 2016
• Implementation of concrete adaptation actions identified through the
NAPs, designed to reduce vulnerability, strengthen resilience and build
adaptive capacity, are being implemented through GCF support upon
completion of the NAPs
• All remaining NAPA projects are successfully implemented by 2020, or
revised/updated and integrated into the NAP
• Activities at different scales and levels are internally coherent and
complementing each other
• Adaptation strategies and actions are well integrated with national
development efforts including in the context of Agenda 2030

18. Desired actions and approaches undertaken to support major milestones arising
from unpacking the impacts
• Methods are developed and being applied to integrate adaptation actions
across scales and sectors in a seamless adaptation response, taking a
development-centered approach, including integration and synergy with efforts
to achieve the SDGs
• LDCs are supported to formulate NAPs by 2018 and to implement policies,
programmes and projects from the NAPs with funding from the GCF, and other
sources
• NAP processes are in place and delivering on the “essential functions”
including institutional arrangements to lead adaptation efforts and to access
GCF support through mandates and accredited NIEs (as measured by the
core metrics of the PEG M&E tool)
• The LDCs are focusing on their NAPs to fully address adaptation under the
Paris Agreement and in addressing climate risks as they implement Agenda
2030
• The LDCs are supported technically and financially to implement their NAPAs
• Monitoring and evaluation ensures successful adaptation (process and
outcomes) and includes effective learning

19. Challenges and opportunities towards achieving these outcomes in the context of
the identified milestones
• Opportunity for mid-term review of progress through the SBI assessment of
progress on NAPs in early 2018
• Opportunity for effective alignment with GCF modalities for adaptation given
the clear linkage to funding for NAPs under the GCF
• The GCF Board to consider how to respond to the PA mandate for supporting
the NAPs at its June meeting
• Operationalization of the GCF to support formulation and implementation of
NAPs is slow to meet the 2018 milestones for developing NAPs
• Lack of coherence and common vision in support being provided for NAPs
leads to LDCs pursuing different pathways to address adaptation including the
lack of clarity and potential confusion with reporting instruments such as the
NDCs

20. Challenges and opportunities towards achieving these outcomes in the context of
the identified milestones
• Lower priority for formulating and implementing NAPs within the national
development agenda of the LDCs (due to experience with the NAPAs and
other reasons) affecting the attainment of climate-resilient development)
• Limited capacity of agencies to support all LDCs effectively in formulating their
NAPs by 2018-2020
• Limited capacity of the LDC to access GCF support for implementation (and
formulation) of NAPs (readiness)
• Limited human capacity in LDCs to address the many aspects of the Paris
Agreement and the existing requirements under the Convention (NDCs, NAPs,
NCs, etc)
• Limited funding in the LDCF to fully implement remaining NAPA priorities
• The challenge of aligning all development oriented resources, national,
bilateral and multilateral to support the implementation of national adaptation
plans can lead to inadequate resourcing of NAPs.

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