The document discusses research conducted on the relationship between parents' attitudes, behaviors, and their children's learning. It finds that most parents had positive attitudes toward education but low involvement and supervision of their children's studies. A correlation was not found between parents' attitudes/behaviors and student academic achievement. The study suggests improving parental involvement, supervision, and identifying factors influencing parental behaviors could benefit children's learning.

2. INTRODUCTION
ATTITUDE
 Attitude is a psychological tendency to establish
beliefs, and feelings towards some phenomenon,
object or event (Hogg & Vaughan, 2005).
 Attitude is a function of affective and cognitive
components of human Psychology(Bloom,1956).
 Attitude is an enduring activity. However, it can be
altered through internal and external influencers.

3. TYPES OF ATTITUDE
Attitude
Positive Negative Neutral

4. Cont…
Positive
attitude
The characteristics
calculated for the positive
attitudes are confidence,
cheerfulness,
hopefulness, faithfulness,
devotion, sympathy and
loyalty(Maio & haddock,
2009)
Negative
attitude
However, negative
attitude promotes rage,
chaos, inferiority
complex, sorrow,
jealousy, doubt and
resentment (Dhavale,
2018)

5. BEHAVIOUR
 Behavior is a psychological construct.it is related
to the psychomotor domain, associated with
physical functions of an individual.
 It represents all observable actions shown by an
individual in response to some internal or external
stimuli (Bergner, 2011; Levitis, Lidicker &
Freund, 2009).
 For example, weeping of a child on snatching a
toy, facial expressions like, smile and sorrow,
movement of hand as raising of hand to ask
question during class (Tinbergen, 1955).

6. Study Background: Its deep roots in the Literature shows that
much work has been conducted by researchers in different parts
of the world (Timkey, 2015; Bordhan, 2014; Rana & Halder,
2015;Griva1 & Chouvarda, 2012). The strong background
describes that it has a lot of importance in the learning life of
their children.
Research Gap: Despite of the massive work on the parents
attitude and behaviour and their impact on their children, until it
needs a lot of work to unveil a lot of things.. This study reveals
impact of parents attitude and behaviour, specifically on the
learning of 4th and 5th grade students in Gilgit city.

RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

7. Cont…
Justification to select the problem:
 Observed students poor performance in their annual
examinations in Gilgit city.
 Perceived students less motivation towards their learning
activity.
 Realized that parents of public school children have no
significant interest in their children learning.
 Noticed that parents were not committed towards their
children learning in Gilgit city.
 Perceived that parents supervision was insignificant
towards their children learning.

8. Objectives of the Study
Measurement of attitude and behavior of
parents towards the learning of their children.
Measurement of the learning of children in
terms of their academic achievement.
Impact of attitude and behavior of parents on
the leaning of their children.

9. : There is no correlation between
parent's attitude, behavior and their
children learning.
: There is a correlation between
parent's attitude, behavior and their
children learning.

10. S.No Research Studies Objectives Conclusions Contributions
1 Akpede, N., Eguvbe, A., Akpamu, U.,
Asogun, A., & Momodu, M. (2018).
Parent’s attitude and practice towards the
girl child education in local government
area of Edo state in Nigeria. Journal of
Women’s Health Nigeria, 2(3), 1-3.
To determine the attitude
and practice of parents
towards girl child
education in Esan West
Local Government Area
It revealed that parents
had good attitudes
towards girl child and
helped in leaning process
It shows that positive
attitude foster the learning
of children
2 Bordhan, S. (2014). Parental attitude
towards schooling of their children. Journal
of All India Association for Educational
Research, 26(1), 32-40.
To assess parents attitude
towards their children
reading in schools
The study showed that
parents had positive
attitudes towards their
children.
Positive attitude triggers
children motivation
towards their learning
activity
3 Brooks, E. (1916). The value of home study
under parental supervision. The Elementary
School Journal, 17(3), 187-194.
To determine parental
involvement at home and
academic performance.
The study found that
family involvement tended
to demonstrate better
results.
Effective family
involvement enhances
learning of children.

11. 4 Chen, X., Dong, Q., & Zhou, H. (1997). Authoritative and
authoritarian parenting practices and social and school
performance in Chinese children. International Journal of
Behavioral Development, 21(4), 855-873.
To find out the role
of authoritative
parenting in the
learning of their
children
It was found that
authoritarian parenting
was associated positively
with aggression and
negatively with peer
acceptance, sociability-
competence, distinguished
studentship and school
academic achievement.
It revealed that
authoritative mood of
parenting is fruitful
for their children
learning
5 Conteh, J., & Kawashima, Y. (2008). Diversity in parent’s
involvement in children’s learning in English primary
schools. Journal of teaching Practices and Critique, 7(2),
113-125.
To study the parents
involvement in the
children’s learning
of English primary
schools
The potential family
involvement proved in the
development of children
academic skills
Potential family
involvement triggers
children academic
skills
6 Goodeve, S. K., Mwaniki, Kiumi, K.J., Ngunjiri,
M. (2011). Relationship between parents’ attitude
towards their children’s education and level of
students’ discipline in public secondary schools
in naivasha sub-county, Kenya. International
Journal of Scientific Research and Management,
6(4), 321-341.
To determine
parents attitudes
and their impact
on the education
of their children
It concluded that
there was positive
correlation between
parents positive
attitude and their
children learning
There is a learner
association
between positive
parents attitude
and their children
learnin g

12. METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN:
A correlational survey method was adopted for this study.
POPULATION
The population of this study consists of 3300 students from 30 public
schools, their parents and 140 teachers.
SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
 Simple random sampling procedure(lottery method
decode.fr online) was used to select sample from
defined population.
 Sample comprises of,
600 students from total 30 schools(10
students from each 4th and 5th grades).
600 parents of the selected students.

13. 1. Frequency distribution, Percentage, Mean, Standard
Deviation.
2. Spearman Correlation coefficient analysis
technique(correlation)
3. Multiple linear regressions analysis technique.

14.  Belief: The mean value (3.303) of the parent’s beliefs
shows that majority of the parents have positive views
towards the education of their children.
 Commitment: The results shows that mean value of the
parents commitment is (3.832). It depicts that the parents
are committed to educate their children.
 Expectation: The mean value (3.999) of the parent’s
expectation describes that parents have positive
expectations regarding their children education.

15. Cont..
 Participation: The variable of the parent’s participation
(Mean 2.156) reveals that their involvement is insufficient
in the studies of their children.
 Supervision: The mean value of the parent’s supervision is
2.204. It reveals that their supervision is non-effective for
the effective learning of their children.
 Gratitude: The results show that parent’s gratitude (2.114)
towards their children is insignificant.

16. Cont…
 The results shows that majority of the students passed their
annual exam 2018 in grade D.

17.  Majority of Parents had positive and supportive perceptions
regarding their children education.
 Majority of the parents were enthusiastic towards their
children education.
 Majority of parents showed poor involvement in their
children education.
 Majority of parents showed poor supervision in learning
activities of their children.
 The findings revealed that there is no significant correlation
between parents attitude, behaviour and students learning.

18. Suggestions
 The study results show that parent’s practical involvement
is their children learning is ineffective. Their involvement in
children studies might be helpful to enhance children
learning.
 E.g., Parents practical involve in their children learning
activities, e.g. reading, writing, solving etc.
 It can be ensured by allotting proper time and advising
children to revise the lesson taught in school. It might be h

19. Cont..
Helpful for children to improve their reading, writing and
pronunciation.
 The study results revealed that parent’s level of supervision is
weak or non-effective to monitor their children activities.
 In order to ensure effective learning, time management might be
helpful to monitor their children activities at home and out of
home to use time efficiently in students studies.
 The study only focuses on the impact of attitude and behaviour of
parents towards their children learning, It does not tell about
factors influence parents attitude and behaviour towards their
children learning. The study on parent’s attitude and behaviour
modifiers might be helpful to find out ways for effective learning
of children.
 Research work on strategies that ensure parents effective
involvement in their children learning would also be helpful for
parents to enable them to practically involve in their children
studies.