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This document defines key terms related to parasitology and provides information about Entamoeba histolytica. It defines parasites, hosts, infection, and infestation. It also outlines the divisions of parasitology including protozoology, which is the study of protozoa like Entamoeba histolytica. The document describes the lifecycle and transmission of E. histolytica, noting it can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route or sexually. Clinical presentation and risk factors are also summarized, including poor sanitation and contamination of food/water.
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Parasitic taxonomy
This document provides a taxonomy of parasites by dividing them into kingdoms, subkingdoms, phyla, and classes. It discusses key intestinal parasites like Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica, describing their pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Vaginal protozoa like Trichomonas vaginalis are also described. Some other intestinal protozoans that can be pathogenic or nonpathogenic are listed. In summary, the document categorizes parasites and discusses several important intestinal and vaginal protozoan parasites in terms of their classification, characteristics, and impact on human health.
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Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris lumbricoides is a common roundworm parasite that infects an estimated 1 billion people worldwide (1 out of 4 people), being most prevalent in underdeveloped areas with poor sanitation. It is transmitted via ingestion of eggs from contaminated food or soil and causes symptoms ranging from abdominal discomfort to pulmonary issues during larval migration. Treatment involves anthelmintic drugs like mebendazole or albendazole and prevention focuses on improved sanitation and limiting the use of human feces as fertilizer.
Trypanosomes
Trypanosomiasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma and transmitted via blood-sucking insects. It manifests as either African sleeping sickness or Chagas disease. African sleeping sickness is caused by T. b. gambiense or T. b. rhodesiense transmitted by tsetse flies, while Chagas disease is caused by T. cruzi transmitted by reduviid bugs. The diseases present with fever, headaches, and other nonspecific symptoms, progressing in African sleeping sickness to mental dullness and sleepiness. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasites in blood or tissue samples or through serological tests.
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host parasite relationship
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Trypanosoma parasite zeinab klaab
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Trypanosomes
Trypanosomiasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma and transmitted via blood-sucking insects. It manifests as either African sleeping sickness or Chagas disease. African sleeping sickness is caused by T. b. gambiense or T. b. rhodesiense transmitted by tsetse flies, while Chagas disease is caused by T. cruzi transmitted by reduviid bugs. The diseases present with fever, headaches, and other nonspecific symptoms, progressing in African sleeping sickness to mental dullness and sleepiness. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasites in blood or tissue samples or through serological tests.
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This document provides an overview of parasitology, including definitions of key terms like parasite, host, symbiosis, parasitism, and vectors. It describes different types of parasites like ecto-parasites, endoparasites, temporary vs permanent parasites. It also covers classes of hosts, portals of entry, life cycles, pathogenicity, and immune responses to parasites. Laboratory diagnosis methods are discussed, especially demonstration of parasites in blood samples. In summary, the document defines important concepts in parasitology and provides details on parasite and host relationships, life cycles, disease pathogenesis, and diagnostic approaches.
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2. There are two main types of parasitic protozoa: ectoparasites found on the host's body and endoparasites found within the host. Their life cycles can be either monogenetic within one host or digenetic requiring two hosts.
3. Common pathogenic protozoa include Entamoeba histolytica causing amoebic dysentery, Trypanosoma gambiense causing African sleeping sickness, and Plasmodium vivax causing malaria. They
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2. Parasitoids are insects that feed on other insects or arthropods during their larval stage, then emerge as free-living adults. Predators catch and consume other organisms, feeding throughout their lifecycle.
3. Examples of institutions working in biological control include NBAIR, NCIPM, NIPHM, SAUs, IOBC, CIBC, UCR, and ICIPE.
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This document discusses various types of parasitic interactions and focuses on protozoan parasites of humans. It defines different types of interactions like parasitism, symbiosis, and commensalism. It describes the life cycles of various protozoan parasites like Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania tropica. It discusses the diseases caused by these parasites, their morphologies, life cycles involving human and other hosts, modes of transmission, locations within the host, and clinical manifestations. The document also provides classifications and descriptions of medically important protozoa.
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- 11. DEFINITIONS PARASITE: Living organism which lives in or upon and at the expense of another living organism. SAPROPHYTE Living organisms who derive their nourishment from dead material.
- 12. DEFINITIVE HOST (Primary host) It is the host which harbors the adult stage of parasite or where the parasite utilizes the sexual method of reproduction INTERMEDIATE HOST (Secondary host) It is the host which harbors the larval stage of the parasite or where the parasite utilizes the asexual method of reproduction
- 13. INFECTION: Parasite establishes itself within the host INFESTATION When the parasite lives on the surface of the host
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- 23. 1. Cystic 2. Non cystic (vegetative/trophozoite)
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- 25. Epidemiology
- 26. habitat
- 29. Epidemiological factors Host factors Age Gender Household infections Food handlers Environmental factors Poor sanitation Night soil as fertilizers Human defecation in fields Sewage contamination Floods Heavy rains
- 34. MODE OF TRANSMISSION 1. FEACO – ORAL ROUTE 2. VECTOR TRANSMISSION 3. Sexual route INCUBATION PERIOD 2 – 4 WEEKS
- 35. Carrier of antamoeba histolytica
- 38. Any Question ?