A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage .

1. Shubham S Nagdeve
2nd year ECE
Kavikulguru Institute of Technology and Science,
Ramtek, Nagpur.

2. Table of Contents
 Introduction
 Problems with conventional batteries
 Principle
 Carbon nanotubes
 Fabrication
 Working
 Advantages
 Limitations
 Applications
 Conclusion
 Reference

3. Introduction
 August 2007
 RENSSELEAR POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE
• Drs. Robert Linhardt
• John H.Broadbent
• Pulickel M.Ajayan
• Omkaram Nalamasu
Paper Battery also known as
 Nano Composite Paper

4. Problems with conventional
batteries
• Weight and size
• High charging time
• Explosion, corrosion, leakage
• High cost

5. Principle
 The battery produces electricity in the same way as the
conventional lithium-ion batteries,
 but all the components have been incorporated into a
lightweight,
 flexible sheet of paper.
 The devices are formed by combining cellulose with an
infusion of aligned carbon nanotubes.
 The electrolyte and the ions that carry the charge can be varied
depending the use of the battery.
 A conventional Li-ion battery can be incorporated in cellulose-
nanotube composite as shown in the next slide.

6. Fabrication
 The materials required for the preparation of paper battery
are:
 Copier paper and Carbon nano ink
 1: Carbon nano ink which is black in colour is a
solution of nano rods, surface adhesive agent and
ionic salt solutions. Carbon nano ink is spread on
one side of the paper.
 2: The paper is kept in the oven at 150 degree
Celsius. This evaporates the water content on the
paper.
 The battery is ready and would provide a terminal voltage
enough to power an LED

7. Working
 The battery produces electricity in the same way as the conventional
lithium-ion

 batteries that power so many of today's gadgets, but all the components
have been

 incorporated into a lightweight, flexible sheet of paper.

 The devices are formed by combining cellulose with an infusion of
aligned carbon

 nanotubes. The carbon is what gives the batteries their black color.


8. Advantages
 Light, rugged, flexible, can be rolled, crunched, cut, made into any
shape.
 If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream, that's 500 times the voltage.
If we rip the paper in half we cut power by 50%. So we can control the
power and voltage issue.
 Non toxic and hence ca be used to power pacemakers and RF tags.
 It is very useful where burst of energy is required for operation like
mostly electric vehicles.
 The electrolyte contains no water, thus there’s nothing in the batteries
to freeze or evaporate, potentially allowing operation in extreme
temperatures.
 Environment friendly.
 It could charge 10-20 times faster than conventional Li-ion batteries.

9. Limitations
 Presently, the devices are only a few inches across and
they have to be scaled up to sheets of newspaper size
to make it commercially viable.
 Carbon nanotubes are expensive.
 The idea is still in the labs and a commercially viable
paper battery will take at least 40-60 years to become a
reality.
 Researches in nanotechnology to mass produce
nanotubes is promising.

10. Conclusion
 The range of possible applications for paper batteries
derives from their important advantages as compared to
conventional battery technologies.
 They can be made in virtually any shape and size to meet
the requirements of each application.
 The batteries are rechargeable, and have reduced cost and
weight which in itself may give birth to new applications.
 Paper battery could solve all the problems associated with
electrical energy storage.
 However the reality is still very far away, though the
researches are promising.

11. Applications
 Pace makers (uses blood as electrolyte)
 Used as alternate to conventional batteries in gadgets.
 Devices in space shuttles
 Powered smart cards RF id tags, smart clothes.
 Disposable medical devices - Single-use delivery and diagnostic
devices could have Power Paper incorporated into their
construction to allow for sensors and smart labels.
 Paper battery is set in iontophoresis patch. It helps to deliver
functional drugs, local anesthesia, antichloristic, anodyne, etc
into skin.
 In iontophoresis patch for whitening and wrinkles
 Paper battery could one day power motor vehicles and aircrafts
and replace the conventional fossil fuel based engines with
electric motors.

12. • Electricity is the flow of electrical power or electrons
• Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between
electrolyte and metal in the traditional battery.
• Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between electrolyte and
carbon nanotubes.
• Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow
along a connected wire to the positive terminal.
• Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for
the chemical reaction to continue.

13. • The Nanotubes, which colour the paper black, act as electrodes
and allow the storage devices to conduct electricity.
• The device functions as both a lithium-ion battery and a super-
capacitor, which stores charge like a battery but has no liquid
electrolyte.
• The paper battery provides a long, steady power output as
against a conventional battery burst of high energy.
• The ionic liquid electrolyte that is soaked into the paper is a
liquid salt and contains no water, so it won’t freeze or boil.
• Research is going on around the world to replace this ionic
electrolyte with body fluids, blood, sweat etc.

14. References
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_battery
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity)
 http://www.stanford.edu/group/cui_group/papers/8
7%20paper%20battery.pdf

15. Thanks