The Israel-Palestinian conflict stems from disputes over land and borders in Palestine. For centuries, Jews, Muslims, and Christians lived in the region harmoniously until the late 1800s when European Zionists began colonizing Palestinian land to establish a Jewish homeland. This led to tensions between the indigenous Palestinians and immigrant Zionists. In 1947, the UN partitioned the land, giving over half to Israel against the wishes of the local Palestinian population, fueling further conflict. The establishment of Israel in 1948 and subsequent wars in 1967 and 1973 resulted in hundreds of thousands of Palestinian refugees and Israel gaining control of more territory. Periodic uprisings and peace negotiations since have failed to produce a lasting solution.

1. Israel-Palestinian Conflict The heart of this conflict is a dispute over land and borders.

3. The land of Palestine was inhabited by Palestinian Arabs 400,000 Muslims – 80% 75,000 Christians – 15% 25,000 Jews – 5% 1850 For centuries these groups had lived in harmony

4. Zionism In the late 1800s; Extremist European Jews decided to colonize Palestinian land They wanted to create a Jewish homeland. As more and more Zionists immigrated the indigenous population became increasingly alarmed Eventually, there was fighting between the two groups.

5. The Balfour Declaration, 1917

6. British Mandate for Palestine The league of Nations formalised British rule over Palestine in 1922

7. 1947 – The UN gets involved In the aftermath of WWII and the Holocaust the UN gave 55% of Palestine to a newly created Jewish State – Israel Zionist Jews were 30% of the population and owned only 7% of the land The partition plan looked like this………

9. 1948: Arab Israeli War The day that the Partition plan was made official. The armies of Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, and Iraq invaded the territory partitioned for the Arab state, thus starting the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. 90,000 European-trained Zionist soldiers possessing modern weaponry 30,000 ill-equipped, poorly trained Arab soldiers

10. Israel increased its borders by conquering 78% of Palestine Created nearly 1 million Palestinian refugees Nakba Over 400 towns and villages were destroyed Every city, river, and hill received a new Hebrew name Denied the existence of Palestine

11. Your map should look something like this…….

12. Six day war of 1967 The Egyptian President Expelled UN troops from the Egypt / Israel border and a battle ensues. Israel again increased their land to include Sinai Peninsula, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights (AKA: 1967 Arab-Israeli War , the Third Arab-Israeli War , Six Days' War , an‑Naksah ( The Setback ), or the June War .)

13. The First Intifada 1987-1993 ( In English “shaking off”) was an uprising that began in the Jabalia refugee camp and quickly spread throughout Palestinian territories.

14. 1973 Yom Kippur War (AKA: the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the Fourth Arab-Israeli War) Egypt and Syria attack Israel on the ‘Day of Atonement’, the most important Jewish religious festival, celebrated by a 25 hour fasting and praying period.

15. 1974 PLO legitimised By 1974 the United Nations, largely as a result of the Oslo Accords, had recognised the PLO as the official voice and representative of the Palestinian people.

16. 1993 Oslo Accords Palestinian Liberation Organizationchairman Yassar Arafat (Palestine/ PLO), Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin (Israel) and then US president Bill Clinton in a face-to-face discussion worked out a plan for future relationships between Israel and the Palestinians. Essentially planned to allow the Palestinians to govern and retain their territories on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

17. 2000 Second Intifada When the leader of Israel’s opposition (Ariel Sharon) visited the temple mount which houses both the Al-Aqsa Mosque (the third most important holy site in Islam) and is also the holiest site in the Jewish faith. Palestinian father and son Israeli reserve soldiers, lynched

18. 2002 Wall begins to be constructed In June of 2002 Israel begins construction of a barrier separating Israel from the West Bank.

20. 2005 Gaza withdrawal Israel begins a unilateral withdrawal of nine thousand Jews from settlements in Gaza in August. Some settlers accept government compensation and leave voluntarily, while others are forcibly removed by the Israel Defense Forces

21. 2006 Hamas Victory In 2006 the terrorist group Hamas gains victory in the January elections, as they are believed to be less corrupt than their opponents.