The document describes the anatomy of the oral cavity and related structures. It discusses the vestibule, oral cavity proper, tongue, palate, and related muscles, nerves, blood vessels and functions. The vestibule is the slitlike space between the cheeks and gums. The oral cavity proper is bounded by the alveolar margins and contains the tongue on its floor. The palate has a bony hard palate anteriorly and muscular soft palate posteriorly. The tongue has intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that allow for movements and plays roles in speech, taste, and swallowing.
Development of tongue
Anatomy of tongue
Parts and surfaces of the tongue
Muscles of the tongue
Vascular supply of the tongue
Lymphatic drainage of the tongue
Innervation of the tongue
Examination of the tongue
Clinical considerations and diseases of the tongue
In this seminar we will learn about the development or tongue and oropharynx starting with Pharynx, its Boundaries and Parts, Structure, layers, muscles of pharynx. Then cover the Blood supply, nerve supply and Lymphatic drainage pharynx.
We will also read about Oropharynx and its Relations,
Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring and Physiology of deglutition
Tongue, its Parts, External features and Papillae of the tongue
Muscles of the tongue, Blood supply of the tongue , Arterial and nerve supply, Venous and lymphatic drainage. Development of the tongue and Physiology of taste sensation
Developmental disturbances of the tongue and Periodontal implications are other parts of this seminar
Development of tongue
Anatomy of tongue
Parts and surfaces of the tongue
Muscles of the tongue
Vascular supply of the tongue
Lymphatic drainage of the tongue
Innervation of the tongue
Examination of the tongue
Clinical considerations and diseases of the tongue
In this seminar we will learn about the development or tongue and oropharynx starting with Pharynx, its Boundaries and Parts, Structure, layers, muscles of pharynx. Then cover the Blood supply, nerve supply and Lymphatic drainage pharynx.
We will also read about Oropharynx and its Relations,
Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring and Physiology of deglutition
Tongue, its Parts, External features and Papillae of the tongue
Muscles of the tongue, Blood supply of the tongue , Arterial and nerve supply, Venous and lymphatic drainage. Development of the tongue and Physiology of taste sensation
Developmental disturbances of the tongue and Periodontal implications are other parts of this seminar
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
3. Extends from the lips to
the oropharyngeal
isthmus
• The oropharyngeal
isthmus:
Is the junction of
mouth and pharynx.
Is bounded:
Above by the soft palate
and the palatoglossal
folds
Below by the dorsum of
the tongue
Subdivided into Vestibule
& Oral cavity proper
4. Slitlike space between the
cheeks and the gums
Communicates with the
exterior through the oral
fissure
When the jaws are
closed, communicates
with the oral cavity
proper behind the 3rd
molar tooth on each side
Superiorly and inferiorly
limited by the reflection
of mucous membrane
from lips and cheek onto
the gums
5. The lateral wall of the
vestibule is formed by
the cheek
• The cheek is
composed of
Buccinator muscle,
covered laterally by
the skin & medially
by the mucous
membrane
A small papilla on the
mucosa opposite the
upper 2nd molar tooth
marks the opening of
the duct of the parotid
gland
6. It is the cavity within
the alveolar margins of
the maxillae and the
mandible
Its Roof is formed by
the hard palate
anteriorly and the soft
palate posteriorly
Its Floor is formed by
the mylohyoid muscle.
The anterior 2/3rd of the
tongue lies on the floor.
hard
soft palate
mylohyoid
7. Covered with mucous
membrane
In the midline, a
mucosal fold, the
frenulum, connects the
tongue to the floor of
the mouth
On each side of
frenulum a small papilla
has the opening of the
duct of the
submandibular gland
A rounded ridge
extending backward &
laterally from the papilla
is produced by the
sublingual gland
8. o Sensory
Roof: by greater palatine and nasopalatine
nerves (branches of maxillary nerve)
Floor: by lingual nerve (branch of mandibular
nerve)
Cheek: by buccal nerve (branch of mandibular
nerve)
o Motor
Muscle in the cheek (buccinator) and the lip
(orbicularis oris) are supplied by the branches of
the facial nerve
9. Mass of striated muscles
covered with the mucous
membrane
Divided into right and left
halves by a median
septum
Three parts:
• Oral (anterior ⅔)
• Pharyngeal (posterior
⅓)
• Root (base)
Two surfaces:
• Dorsal
• Ventral
10. Divided into anterior two
third and posterior one
third by a V-shaped
sulcus terminalis.
The apex of the sulcus
faces backward and is
marked by a pit called
the foramen cecum
Foramen cecum, an
embryological remnant,
marks the site of the
upper end of the
thyroglossal duct
11. Anterior two third:
mucosa is rough, shows
three types of papillae:
Filliform
Fungiform
Vallate
Posterior one third: No
papillae but shows
nodular surface
because of underlying
lymphatic nodules, the
lingual tonsils
12. Smooth (no papillae)
In the midline
anteriorly, a mucosal
fold, frenulum
connects the tongue
with the floor of the
mouth
Lateral to frenulum,
deep lingual vein can
be seen through the
mucosa
Lateral to lingual vein,
a fold of mucosa forms
the plica fimbriata
13. The tongue is
composed of two
types of muscles:
• Intrinsic
• Extrinsic
14. Confined to tongue
No bony
attachment
Consist of:
• Longitudinal
fibers
• Transverse fibers
• Vertical fibers
Function: Alter the
shape of the tongue
15. Connect the tongue to
the surrounding
structures: the soft
palate and the bones
(mandible, hyoid
bone, styloid process)
Include:
• Palatoglossus
• Genioglossus
• Hyoglossus
• Styloglossus
Function: Help in
movements of the
tongue
16. Protrusion:
Genioglossus on both sides acting together
Retraction:
Styloglossus and hyoglossus on both sides
acting together
Depression:
Hyoglossus and genioglossus on both sides
acting together
Elevation:
Styloglossus and palatoglossus on both sides
acting together
17.
18. Anterior ⅔:
• General sensations:
Lingual nerve
• Special sensations :
chorda tympani
Posterior ⅓:
• General & special
sensations:
glossopharyngeal nerve
Base:
• General & special
sensations: internal
laryngeal nerve
19. Intrinsic muscles:
Hypoglossal nerve
Extrinsic muscles:
All supplied by the
hypoglossal nerve,
except the
palatoglossus
The palatoglossus
supplied by the
pharyngeal plexus
20. Arteries:
Lingual artery
Tonsillar branch of
facial artery
Ascending
pharyngeal artery
Veins:
Lingual vein,
ultimately drains
into the internal
jugular vein
Hypoglossal
nerve
Lingual
artery & vein
Deep lingual
vein
Dorsal lingual
artery & vein
21. Tip:
• Submental nodes
bilaterally & then
deep cervical nodes
Anterior two third:
• Submandibular
unilaterally & then
deep cervical nodes
Posterior third:
• Deep cervical nodes
(jugulodigastric
mainly)
22. The tonge is the most
important articulator for
speech production. During
speech, the tongue can make
amazing range of movements
The primary function of the
tongue is to provide a
mechanism for taste. Taste
buds are located on different
areas of the tongue, but are
generally found around the
edges. They are sensitive to
four main tastes: Bitter, Sour,
Salty & Sweet
23. The tongue is needed for
sucking, chewing,
swallowing, eating,
drinking, kissing, sweeping
the mouth for food debris
and other particles and for
making funny faces
(poking the tongue out,
waggling it)
Trumpeters and horn &
flute players have very well
developed tongue muscles,
and are able to perform
rapid, controlled
movements or articulations
24. Lacerations of the
tongue
Tongue-Tie
(ankyloglossia) (due
to large frenulum)
Lesion of the
hypoglossal nerve
• The protruded tongue
deviates toward the
side of the lesion
• Tongue is atrophied &
wrinkled
25. ‘If there is goodness in your heart,
it will come to your tongue’.
26. Lies in the roof of
the oral cavity
Has two parts:
• Hard (bony)
palate
anteriorly
• Soft (muscular)
palate
posteriorly
hard
soft palate
27. Lies in the roof of the
oral cavity
Forms the floor of
the nasal cavity
Formed by:
• Palatine processes
of maxillae in front
• Horizontal plates of
palatine bones
behind
Bounded by alveolar
arches
29. Attached to the posterior
border of the hard palate
Covered on its upper and
lower surfaces by
mucous membrane
Composed of:
• Muscle fibers
• An aponeurosis
• Lymphoid tissue
• Glands
• Blood vessels
• Nerves
30. Fibrous sheath
Attached to posterior
border of hard
palate
Is expanded tendon
of tensor velli
palatini
Splits to enclose
musculus uvulae
Gives origin &
insertion to palatine
muscles
31. Tensor veli palatini
• Origin: spine of sphenoid; auditory
tube
• Insertion: forms palatine
aponeurosis
• Action: Tenses soft palate
Levator veli palatini
• Origin:petrous temporal bone,
auditory tube, palatine
aponeurosis
• Insertion: palatine aponeurosis
• Action: Raises soft palate
Musculus uvulae
• Origin: posterior border of hard
palate
• Insertion: mucosa of uvula
• Action: Elevates uvula
32. Palatoglossus
• Origin: palatine aponeurosis
• Insertion: side of tongue
• Action: pulls root of tongue
upward, narrowing
oropharyngeal isthmus
Palatopharyngeus
• Origin: palatine aponeurosis
• Insertion: posterior border of
thyroid cartilage
• Action: Elevates wall of the
pharynx
33. Mostly by the
maxillary nerve
through its
branches:
• Greater palatine
nerve
• Lesser palatine nerve
• Nasopalatine nerve
Glossopharyngeal
nerve supplies the
region of the soft
palate
34. All the muscles, except tensor veli
palatini, are supplied by the:
•Pharyngeal plexus
Tensor veli palatini supplied by the:
• Nerve to medial pterygoid, a branch of
the mandibular division of the
trigeminal nerve
35. Branches of the maxillary
artery
• Greater palatine
• Lesser palatine
• Sphenopalatine
Ascending palatine,
branch of the facial
artery
Ascending pharyngeal,
branch of the external
carotid artery