Pakistan's foreign policy aims to protect national security and economic development while upholding principles of peace, non-alignment, and cooperation. Key principles guiding Pakistan's foreign policy include maintaining sovereignty and cordial relations with Muslim countries, non-interference in other nations, and supporting the UN charter's provisions on self-determination and racial non-discrimination. Pakistan formulates its foreign policy based on geography, politics, and economic needs as an important third world country seeking international and regional partnerships.
Introduction Of Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy Making Agencies Of Pakistan
Determinants Of Foreign Policy
Principles Of Foreign Policy
Objectives Of Foreign Policy
Salient Features Of Foreign Policy
Conclusion
1. Pakistan's foreign policy aims to maintain friendly relations with all countries while protecting its sovereignty and independence. It supports Muslim causes and self-determination movements.
2. Pakistan's relationship with the US has fluctuated over time. They were close allies during the Cold War but relations were strained by Pakistan's nuclear program and India-Pakistan conflicts.
3. Relations improved after 9/11 as Pakistan allied with the US against terrorism, but have faced issues around US aid and Pakistan's nuclear capabilities.
This document discusses the Foreign policy of Pakistan in detail along with its constituents. Attention is given to the challenges faced by policy makers and the prospects of our policy.
Pakistan's foreign policy is guided by its history, geography, and aspirations. Its key principles are developing friendly relations, safeguarding security and geostrategic interests, resolving the Kashmir issue, promoting Pakistan's image, and protecting economic and expatriate interests. Quaid-e-Azam envisioned a policy of peace, fairness, and support for oppressed peoples. Pakistan's foreign policy has passed through phases including non-alignment, Western alliance, bilateralism, and addressing contemporary issues like terrorism and Afghanistan. Key relationships include close ties with China and Muslim countries, complicated ties with the US, and improving but still complex relations with India.
Pakistan Studies (English) 2016 For B.COM IMUHAMMAD RIAZ
Pakistan and India have had a long history of rivalry and conflict since partition in 1947. Their relationship is defined by their dispute over Kashmir and have fought three major wars over the region. Kashmir remains divided between the two countries with neither recognizing the other's claim. Other points of tension include border clashes, nuclear development, and accusations of supporting separatists in each other's countries. While periods of improved relations and peace talks have occurred, deep distrust and the Kashmir issue have prevented lasting reconciliation between the two nuclear powers.
Pakistan's foreign policy aims to protect its independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. It focuses on maintaining relations with all states, addressing economic and trade issues, strengthening ties with Muslim states, and showing solidarity with developing countries. Key issues include the disputed Kashmir region with India, relations with major powers like the US and China, and participation in international organizations like the UN. The policy seeks to promote anti-colonialism, self-determination, arms control, and counterterrorism.
Pakistan's foreign policy aims to protect national security and economic development while upholding principles of peace, non-alignment, and cooperation. Key principles guiding Pakistan's foreign policy include maintaining sovereignty and cordial relations with Muslim countries, non-interference in other nations, and supporting the UN charter's provisions on self-determination and racial non-discrimination. Pakistan formulates its foreign policy based on geography, politics, and economic needs as an important third world country seeking international and regional partnerships.
Introduction Of Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy Making Agencies Of Pakistan
Determinants Of Foreign Policy
Principles Of Foreign Policy
Objectives Of Foreign Policy
Salient Features Of Foreign Policy
Conclusion
1. Pakistan's foreign policy aims to maintain friendly relations with all countries while protecting its sovereignty and independence. It supports Muslim causes and self-determination movements.
2. Pakistan's relationship with the US has fluctuated over time. They were close allies during the Cold War but relations were strained by Pakistan's nuclear program and India-Pakistan conflicts.
3. Relations improved after 9/11 as Pakistan allied with the US against terrorism, but have faced issues around US aid and Pakistan's nuclear capabilities.
This document discusses the Foreign policy of Pakistan in detail along with its constituents. Attention is given to the challenges faced by policy makers and the prospects of our policy.
Pakistan's foreign policy is guided by its history, geography, and aspirations. Its key principles are developing friendly relations, safeguarding security and geostrategic interests, resolving the Kashmir issue, promoting Pakistan's image, and protecting economic and expatriate interests. Quaid-e-Azam envisioned a policy of peace, fairness, and support for oppressed peoples. Pakistan's foreign policy has passed through phases including non-alignment, Western alliance, bilateralism, and addressing contemporary issues like terrorism and Afghanistan. Key relationships include close ties with China and Muslim countries, complicated ties with the US, and improving but still complex relations with India.
Pakistan Studies (English) 2016 For B.COM IMUHAMMAD RIAZ
Pakistan and India have had a long history of rivalry and conflict since partition in 1947. Their relationship is defined by their dispute over Kashmir and have fought three major wars over the region. Kashmir remains divided between the two countries with neither recognizing the other's claim. Other points of tension include border clashes, nuclear development, and accusations of supporting separatists in each other's countries. While periods of improved relations and peace talks have occurred, deep distrust and the Kashmir issue have prevented lasting reconciliation between the two nuclear powers.
Pakistan's foreign policy aims to protect its independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity. It focuses on maintaining relations with all states, addressing economic and trade issues, strengthening ties with Muslim states, and showing solidarity with developing countries. Key issues include the disputed Kashmir region with India, relations with major powers like the US and China, and participation in international organizations like the UN. The policy seeks to promote anti-colonialism, self-determination, arms control, and counterterrorism.
Pakistan has pursued different foreign policy approaches throughout its history based on changing geopolitical circumstances. Initially, it explored friendly relations with all countries after independence. It then aligned with Western countries during the Cold War, joining organizations like SEATO and CENTO. From the 1960s, Pakistan transitioned to bilateral relations and non-alignment. It supported Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion and rebuilt ties with the US. Following the Cold War, Pakistan pursued a nuclear program and dealt with insurgencies while maintaining strategic relations with China and others. Since 9/11, Pakistan has played an active but difficult role in counterterrorism efforts while seeking to promote regional peace and stability.
Pakistan has pursued different foreign policy approaches throughout its history based on changing geopolitical circumstances. Initially, it explored friendly relations with all countries after independence. It then aligned with Western countries during the Cold War, joining organizations like SEATO and CENTO. From the 1960s, Pakistan transitioned to bilateral relations and non-alignment. It supported Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion and improved ties with the US. Following the Cold War, Pakistan pursued a nuclear program while dealing with insurgencies in Kashmir and Afghanistan. Since 9/11, Pakistan has played an active but difficult role in counterterrorism efforts while seeking to maintain relations with the US, China, and other countries.
The document discusses the key determinants and principles of Pakistan's foreign policy. It identifies several important internal and external factors that influence Pakistan's foreign policy, including its Islamic ideology, historical experiences, geographical location bordering India and Afghanistan, security concerns, and economic interests. The goals of Pakistan's foreign policy are outlined as peaceful coexistence, non-alignment, unity of the Islamic world, and international cooperation. Major agencies involved in foreign policymaking are also identified.
Pakistan's foreign policy is based on principles of security, ideology, national interests, and peaceful relations. The main determinants are security from threats to Pakistan's independence, ideology as an Islamic state, financial factors due to Pakistan's weak economy, and historical and psychological factors stemming from Pakistan's experience gaining independence from India. Foreign policy aims to establish relationships that enhance Pakistan's security, protect its Islamic ideology, and provide economic benefits. The process involves the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other government agencies. Pakistan's early foreign policy focused on developing close ties with the US and other Muslim countries for security and economic reasons.
The document discusses Pakistan's foreign policy. It defines foreign policy and outlines Quaid-e-Azam's vision of promoting peace. It identifies the key agencies that shape Pakistan's foreign policy, including the President, Prime Minister, Army Chief, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The principles of Pakistan's foreign policy are outlined as peaceful co-existence, upholding the UN charter, bilateralism, and good relations with neighbors. Factors that influence foreign policy decisions are also examined, including external pressures from other states and international organizations as well as internal factors like economic strength and military power.
- Pakistan's foreign policy since 1947 has been guided by principles of peace, friendship and non-interference laid out by Jinnah. It initially sought close ties with Western countries like Britain and the US for security and economic assistance against the threat posed by India.
- Pakistan joined US anti-communist alliances but its relations with the US fluctuated depending on US relations with India and the Soviet Union. The US assistance to Pakistan increased during the Cold War but it also strengthened ties with India.
- Pakistan developed close strategic ties with China from the 1950s onward as its relations with the Soviet Union deteriorated. The China-Pakistan friendship remains a key principle of Pakistan's foreign policy.
The document discusses the need for Pakistan to shift its foreign policy approach to better suit the 21st century. Historically, Pakistan's foreign policy has focused on security issues related to India and its strategic location [Paragraph 1]. However, the modern world prioritizes economic cooperation and globalization over geopolitics [Paragraphs 2-3, 7]. Pakistan's overreliance on security policies has limited economic engagement and given rise to extremism, hurting stability and progress [Paragraphs 8-9]. The document argues Pakistan must modernize its foreign policy to focus on economic diplomacy, political stability, and good governance to strengthen the country and its international influence.
The document outlines the guiding principles, objectives, and challenges of Pakistan's foreign policy. The guiding principles include freedom, sovereignty, relations with Muslim countries and the UN Charter. The objectives are to promote Pakistan as a progressive Islamic democracy and develop economic and security cooperation while safeguarding national interests. Major challenges include security concerns post 9/11, safeguarding sovereignty against drone attacks, combating terrorist labeling, and issues in Baluchistan. Recommendations are to clearly communicate Pakistan's stance and pursue diplomatic efforts to address challenges.
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's foreign policy from 1947 to 2004. It outlines the major phases and developments in Pakistan's foreign policy over this period. The first phase from 1947-1953 focused on establishing foundations of foreign policy and cultivating relations with all countries while dealing with security issues related to India and Afghanistan. Subsequent phases saw Pakistan align with the West during the Cold War, pursue non-alignment in the 1960s-1970s, partner with the US on Afghanistan in the 1980s, and address regional issues and counterterrorism after the Cold War and post-9/11.
The document discusses Pakistan's foreign policy and geostrategic environment. It notes that Pakistan's foreign policy is shaped by factors like its geography, regional environment, economy, and rivalry with India. While India poses a security threat, opportunities exist from China's CPEC investment and NATO withdrawing from Afghanistan. Pakistan aims to balance relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran, diversify its economy beyond CPEC, and play a role in Afghan reconciliation talks.
The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle described humans as social animals, and
friendships and relations have existed between humans as long as humans have
existed. As organization developed in human affairs, relations between people also
became organized. Foreign policy thus goes back to primitive times. Foreign
Policy is defined as an extension of domestic policy for dealing with external
actors in order to pursue national interest of a country at the international level.
International system, regional setting, geopolitical compulsion, economic
interconnectedness and many other external factors play a vital role in shaping the
formulation of foreign policy.
Foreign policy
Generally we can say that foreign policy, also called foreign relations or foreign
affairs policy, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its
national interests and to achieve goals within its international relations milieu.
Foreign policy consists of the strategies it uses to protect its international and
domestic interests and determines the way it interacts with other state and non-state
actors.
[thoughtco.com/foreign-policy-definition-examples-4178057]
A foreign policy is a set of pre-established strategies designed and implemented
systematically to manage a country’s relationships with other nations. ( ★★For making this content author used various online resources, it is share here only for those who want to know something about it. This content is not the full of author's primary/ own creating/ intellectual property. )
Foreign policy of Pakistan, objectives, determinants and principlesfida hussain
The document outlines the foreign policy of Pakistan. It defines foreign policy as a state's behavior toward other states to achieve objectives. The objectives of Pakistan's foreign policy are to develop friendly relations, safeguard security and geo-strategic interests, resolve the Jammu and Kashmir issue, promote Pakistan's image, boost economic interests abroad, and protect expatriate communities. The principles of Pakistan's foreign policy are respect for sovereignty, non-interference, non-aggression, and peaceful coexistence. Internal factors like geography and ideology and external factors like alliances and world opinion influence Pakistan's foreign policy decisions.
Foreign Policy of pakistan
Pakistan has a fiercely independent foreign policy, especially when it comes to issues such as development of nuclear weapons, construction of nuclear reactors, foreign military purchases and other issues that are vital to its national interests. Pakistan has a strategic geo-political location at the corridor of world major maritime oil supply lines, and has close proximity to the resource and oil rich central Asian countries. Pakistan is an important member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), is ranked by the US as a major non-NATO ally in the war against terrorism, and has a highly disciplined and professional military.
The foreign policy of Pakistan sets out in the way it interacts with foreign nations and to determine its standard of interactions for its organizations, corporations and individual citizens.Backed by the semi-agricultural and semi-industrialized economy, Pakistan is the 42th largest (nominal GDP) and 25th largest (purchasing power) economic power in the world, with a defence budget of $6.98 billion, which accounts for approximately ~0.37% of global military spending. The Foreign Minister of Pakistan is the official charged with state-to-state diplomacy, although the Prime minister maintains an ultimate authority over foreign policy. The state foreign policy includes defining the national interest, as well as the economic interest and strategies chosen both to safeguard that and to achieve its policy goals.Following the general election held on May 2013, Tariq Fatimi and NSA Sartaj Aziz are designated as advisers to the Prime Minister on foreign and strategic policies
Pakistan has an independent foreign policy focused on national interests like nuclear weapons development. It maintains strategic alliances like with China and the US, while also having tensions with neighbors India and Afghanistan over territorial disputes. Pakistan is an active member of international organizations like the UN and OIC. It has bilateral relations with countries across Asia, the Middle East, Africa and beyond.
Pakistan is an active member of several international organizations, including the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Economic Cooperation Organization, SAARC, and ASEAN Regional Forum. It seeks to promote peace, security, and economic cooperation through these memberships. Pakistan contributes troops to UN peacekeeping missions, supports Palestinian rights in OIC, and advocates for regional cooperation on issues like terrorism and trade barriers through memberships in SAARC and ECO.
Pakistan is located in South Asia, bordered by India, Afghanistan, Iran and China. It has a total area of 796,095 square kilometers and shares borders over 2,250 kilometers with Afghanistan, 585 kilometers with China, and 805 kilometers with Iran. Pakistan's foreign policy aims to ensure national security, territorial integrity, and economic well-being through balancing relationships with other countries and considering factors such as its geo-political position, historical relations, and international agreements. Pakistan's foreign policy has transitioned through different phases from neutrality and alignment with other countries during the Cold War to a current quest for a more multilateral approach.
The Foreign Policy Concept of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter – the Concept) has been developed based on the directions, set forth in the Strategy Kazakhstan-2050 Address to the people of Kazakhstan by President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter – Strategy 2050). This strategy represents a system of fundamental views on the principles, approaches, aims, priorities and tasks of foreign policy for the Republic of Kazakhstan.
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's foreign policy from 1947 to the present. It discusses the key principles and vision outlined by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, including non-alignment and friendship with all nations. It then analyzes Pakistan's foreign policy through different phases, from the country's founding to the ongoing war on terror. The document also examines Pakistan's relationships with other countries and the agencies involved in foreign policymaking.
The document summarizes the history of Pakistan and China's diplomatic relationship from 1950 to present day. It outlines key events such as the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1951 and China's support for Pakistan during its wars with India. It also discusses major cooperative economic projects between the two countries like the Karakoram Highway and China's investment in Pakistan's infrastructure and energy projects under CPEC. The relationship has strengthened over time based on strategic interests and mutual economic and military support.
Pakistan has pursued different foreign policy approaches throughout its history based on changing geopolitical circumstances. Initially, it explored friendly relations with all countries after independence. It then aligned with Western countries during the Cold War, joining organizations like SEATO and CENTO. From the 1960s, Pakistan transitioned to bilateral relations and non-alignment. It supported Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion and rebuilt ties with the US. Following the Cold War, Pakistan pursued a nuclear program and dealt with insurgencies while maintaining strategic relations with China and others. Since 9/11, Pakistan has played an active but difficult role in counterterrorism efforts while seeking to promote regional peace and stability.
Pakistan has pursued different foreign policy approaches throughout its history based on changing geopolitical circumstances. Initially, it explored friendly relations with all countries after independence. It then aligned with Western countries during the Cold War, joining organizations like SEATO and CENTO. From the 1960s, Pakistan transitioned to bilateral relations and non-alignment. It supported Afghanistan during the Soviet invasion and improved ties with the US. Following the Cold War, Pakistan pursued a nuclear program while dealing with insurgencies in Kashmir and Afghanistan. Since 9/11, Pakistan has played an active but difficult role in counterterrorism efforts while seeking to maintain relations with the US, China, and other countries.
The document discusses the key determinants and principles of Pakistan's foreign policy. It identifies several important internal and external factors that influence Pakistan's foreign policy, including its Islamic ideology, historical experiences, geographical location bordering India and Afghanistan, security concerns, and economic interests. The goals of Pakistan's foreign policy are outlined as peaceful coexistence, non-alignment, unity of the Islamic world, and international cooperation. Major agencies involved in foreign policymaking are also identified.
Pakistan's foreign policy is based on principles of security, ideology, national interests, and peaceful relations. The main determinants are security from threats to Pakistan's independence, ideology as an Islamic state, financial factors due to Pakistan's weak economy, and historical and psychological factors stemming from Pakistan's experience gaining independence from India. Foreign policy aims to establish relationships that enhance Pakistan's security, protect its Islamic ideology, and provide economic benefits. The process involves the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other government agencies. Pakistan's early foreign policy focused on developing close ties with the US and other Muslim countries for security and economic reasons.
The document discusses Pakistan's foreign policy. It defines foreign policy and outlines Quaid-e-Azam's vision of promoting peace. It identifies the key agencies that shape Pakistan's foreign policy, including the President, Prime Minister, Army Chief, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The principles of Pakistan's foreign policy are outlined as peaceful co-existence, upholding the UN charter, bilateralism, and good relations with neighbors. Factors that influence foreign policy decisions are also examined, including external pressures from other states and international organizations as well as internal factors like economic strength and military power.
- Pakistan's foreign policy since 1947 has been guided by principles of peace, friendship and non-interference laid out by Jinnah. It initially sought close ties with Western countries like Britain and the US for security and economic assistance against the threat posed by India.
- Pakistan joined US anti-communist alliances but its relations with the US fluctuated depending on US relations with India and the Soviet Union. The US assistance to Pakistan increased during the Cold War but it also strengthened ties with India.
- Pakistan developed close strategic ties with China from the 1950s onward as its relations with the Soviet Union deteriorated. The China-Pakistan friendship remains a key principle of Pakistan's foreign policy.
The document discusses the need for Pakistan to shift its foreign policy approach to better suit the 21st century. Historically, Pakistan's foreign policy has focused on security issues related to India and its strategic location [Paragraph 1]. However, the modern world prioritizes economic cooperation and globalization over geopolitics [Paragraphs 2-3, 7]. Pakistan's overreliance on security policies has limited economic engagement and given rise to extremism, hurting stability and progress [Paragraphs 8-9]. The document argues Pakistan must modernize its foreign policy to focus on economic diplomacy, political stability, and good governance to strengthen the country and its international influence.
The document outlines the guiding principles, objectives, and challenges of Pakistan's foreign policy. The guiding principles include freedom, sovereignty, relations with Muslim countries and the UN Charter. The objectives are to promote Pakistan as a progressive Islamic democracy and develop economic and security cooperation while safeguarding national interests. Major challenges include security concerns post 9/11, safeguarding sovereignty against drone attacks, combating terrorist labeling, and issues in Baluchistan. Recommendations are to clearly communicate Pakistan's stance and pursue diplomatic efforts to address challenges.
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's foreign policy from 1947 to 2004. It outlines the major phases and developments in Pakistan's foreign policy over this period. The first phase from 1947-1953 focused on establishing foundations of foreign policy and cultivating relations with all countries while dealing with security issues related to India and Afghanistan. Subsequent phases saw Pakistan align with the West during the Cold War, pursue non-alignment in the 1960s-1970s, partner with the US on Afghanistan in the 1980s, and address regional issues and counterterrorism after the Cold War and post-9/11.
The document discusses Pakistan's foreign policy and geostrategic environment. It notes that Pakistan's foreign policy is shaped by factors like its geography, regional environment, economy, and rivalry with India. While India poses a security threat, opportunities exist from China's CPEC investment and NATO withdrawing from Afghanistan. Pakistan aims to balance relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran, diversify its economy beyond CPEC, and play a role in Afghan reconciliation talks.
The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle described humans as social animals, and
friendships and relations have existed between humans as long as humans have
existed. As organization developed in human affairs, relations between people also
became organized. Foreign policy thus goes back to primitive times. Foreign
Policy is defined as an extension of domestic policy for dealing with external
actors in order to pursue national interest of a country at the international level.
International system, regional setting, geopolitical compulsion, economic
interconnectedness and many other external factors play a vital role in shaping the
formulation of foreign policy.
Foreign policy
Generally we can say that foreign policy, also called foreign relations or foreign
affairs policy, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its
national interests and to achieve goals within its international relations milieu.
Foreign policy consists of the strategies it uses to protect its international and
domestic interests and determines the way it interacts with other state and non-state
actors.
[thoughtco.com/foreign-policy-definition-examples-4178057]
A foreign policy is a set of pre-established strategies designed and implemented
systematically to manage a country’s relationships with other nations. ( ★★For making this content author used various online resources, it is share here only for those who want to know something about it. This content is not the full of author's primary/ own creating/ intellectual property. )
Foreign policy of Pakistan, objectives, determinants and principlesfida hussain
The document outlines the foreign policy of Pakistan. It defines foreign policy as a state's behavior toward other states to achieve objectives. The objectives of Pakistan's foreign policy are to develop friendly relations, safeguard security and geo-strategic interests, resolve the Jammu and Kashmir issue, promote Pakistan's image, boost economic interests abroad, and protect expatriate communities. The principles of Pakistan's foreign policy are respect for sovereignty, non-interference, non-aggression, and peaceful coexistence. Internal factors like geography and ideology and external factors like alliances and world opinion influence Pakistan's foreign policy decisions.
Foreign Policy of pakistan
Pakistan has a fiercely independent foreign policy, especially when it comes to issues such as development of nuclear weapons, construction of nuclear reactors, foreign military purchases and other issues that are vital to its national interests. Pakistan has a strategic geo-political location at the corridor of world major maritime oil supply lines, and has close proximity to the resource and oil rich central Asian countries. Pakistan is an important member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), is ranked by the US as a major non-NATO ally in the war against terrorism, and has a highly disciplined and professional military.
The foreign policy of Pakistan sets out in the way it interacts with foreign nations and to determine its standard of interactions for its organizations, corporations and individual citizens.Backed by the semi-agricultural and semi-industrialized economy, Pakistan is the 42th largest (nominal GDP) and 25th largest (purchasing power) economic power in the world, with a defence budget of $6.98 billion, which accounts for approximately ~0.37% of global military spending. The Foreign Minister of Pakistan is the official charged with state-to-state diplomacy, although the Prime minister maintains an ultimate authority over foreign policy. The state foreign policy includes defining the national interest, as well as the economic interest and strategies chosen both to safeguard that and to achieve its policy goals.Following the general election held on May 2013, Tariq Fatimi and NSA Sartaj Aziz are designated as advisers to the Prime Minister on foreign and strategic policies
Pakistan has an independent foreign policy focused on national interests like nuclear weapons development. It maintains strategic alliances like with China and the US, while also having tensions with neighbors India and Afghanistan over territorial disputes. Pakistan is an active member of international organizations like the UN and OIC. It has bilateral relations with countries across Asia, the Middle East, Africa and beyond.
Pakistan is an active member of several international organizations, including the United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Economic Cooperation Organization, SAARC, and ASEAN Regional Forum. It seeks to promote peace, security, and economic cooperation through these memberships. Pakistan contributes troops to UN peacekeeping missions, supports Palestinian rights in OIC, and advocates for regional cooperation on issues like terrorism and trade barriers through memberships in SAARC and ECO.
Pakistan is located in South Asia, bordered by India, Afghanistan, Iran and China. It has a total area of 796,095 square kilometers and shares borders over 2,250 kilometers with Afghanistan, 585 kilometers with China, and 805 kilometers with Iran. Pakistan's foreign policy aims to ensure national security, territorial integrity, and economic well-being through balancing relationships with other countries and considering factors such as its geo-political position, historical relations, and international agreements. Pakistan's foreign policy has transitioned through different phases from neutrality and alignment with other countries during the Cold War to a current quest for a more multilateral approach.
The Foreign Policy Concept of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter – the Concept) has been developed based on the directions, set forth in the Strategy Kazakhstan-2050 Address to the people of Kazakhstan by President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter – Strategy 2050). This strategy represents a system of fundamental views on the principles, approaches, aims, priorities and tasks of foreign policy for the Republic of Kazakhstan.
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's foreign policy from 1947 to the present. It discusses the key principles and vision outlined by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, including non-alignment and friendship with all nations. It then analyzes Pakistan's foreign policy through different phases, from the country's founding to the ongoing war on terror. The document also examines Pakistan's relationships with other countries and the agencies involved in foreign policymaking.
The document summarizes the history of Pakistan and China's diplomatic relationship from 1950 to present day. It outlines key events such as the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1951 and China's support for Pakistan during its wars with India. It also discusses major cooperative economic projects between the two countries like the Karakoram Highway and China's investment in Pakistan's infrastructure and energy projects under CPEC. The relationship has strengthened over time based on strategic interests and mutual economic and military support.
The ALU is a fundamental component of a computer's CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations on binary data. It takes binary inputs and performs requested operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, bit shifting, and logical operations like AND and OR. The ALU is responsible for carrying out instructions from a program and providing results to the CPU for further processing. The speed and efficiency of the ALU significantly impacts overall computer performance.
Citrus is an important fruit crop in Pakistan that ranks first in total fruit production. The document discusses the classification, distinguishing features, and important commercial species of the three citrus genera - Citrus, Poncirus, and Fortunella. It also covers topics like soil and climate requirements, propagation techniques, planting methods, irrigation, fertilization, pruning, physiological disorders, and major pests and diseases that affect citrus production. The key insect pests discussed are citrus psylla, citrus leaf miner, and citrus fruit fly, while diseases mentioned include citrus canker, wither tip, greening virus, and tristeza virus.
Pak china relations Sohail , Ali Bader.pptxSohailRanjha1
Pakistan and China have had close diplomatic and economic relations since Pakistan was the first Muslim country to recognize China in 1950. Some key events in their relations include the completion of the Karakoram Highway in 1986, numerous defense agreements and transfers of military equipment, the development of the Gwadar Port under CPEC from 2002 onward, and increasingly strong economic cooperation. The relationship is based on political trust and understanding, national defense cooperation, and economic cooperation.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
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Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
Contents
Introduction
Definition & Description of Foreign Policy
Quaid’s Vision of Foreign Policy of Pakistan
Foreign Policy Making Agencies Of Pakistan
Basic Goals of Pakistan's Foreign Policy
Guiding Principles of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
Protection of Freedom and Sovereignity
Cordial Relations with Muslim Countries
Non-Interference in Internal Affairs of Other Countries
Implementation of U.N Charter
Promotion of World Peace
Non-Alignment
Support for Self-Determination and Condemnation of Racial Discrimination
Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament
Member of International Organization
Objectives of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
Elements Effecting Foreign Policy
Importance
Conclusion
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Introduction
No country today can think of a life independent of other nations. Every country has
to develop relations with other countries so as to meet its requirements in economical,
industrial and technological fields. It is thus necessary for every country to formulate
a sound foreign policy. Pakistan is an important third world country, in its
developmental stage. It also has formulated her foreign policy keeping in mind its
geography, politics and economics.
Definition & Description of Foreign Policy
“The foreign policy of a country is in a sense a projection of its internal policies i.e.
social, political and economic.”
Foreign policy dictates how a country will act with respect to other countries
politically, socially, economically, and militarily, and to a somewhat lesser extent,
how it behaves towards non-state actors. It is a strategy or combination of strategies
carefully formulated by one state for maintaining relationship with other states and
non state actors for protection and promotion of national interests.
Quaid’s Vision of Foreign Policy of Pakistan
The father of the nation, Quaid-e-Azam defined Foreign Policy towards other
countries of the world in 1948, as follows:
”Our Foreign Policy is one of friendliness and good-will towards all the nations of
the world. We do not cherish aggressive designs against any country or nation. We
believe in the policy of honesty and fair play in national and international dealings
and are prepared to make our utmost contribution to the promotion of peace and
prosperity among the nations of the world. Pakistan will never be found lacking in
extending its material and moral support to the oppressed and suppressed peoples of
the world and in upholding the principles of the United Nations Charter.”
Foreign Policy Making Agencies Of Pakistan
Foreign policy making agency of Pakistan are as follows:
President
Prime Minister.
Chief of Army Staff.
Parliament
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Intelligence Agencies
Political Parties
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Basic Goals of Pakistan's Foreign Policy
Maintenance of territorial integrity.
Maintenance of its political independence.
Acceleration of social and economic development.
Strengthening its place on the globe.
Keeping cordial and friendly relations with all countries.
Guiding Principles of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
Following are the basic principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy:
1. Protection of Freedom and Sovereignity
Pakistan came into being after great sacrifices of million of Muslims. Like any other
country, she also considers with deep regard the need for preservation of its
independence and does not allow any country to harm its freedom. Therefore, the
principle of protection of independence and sovereignity is the corner stone of
Pakistan's Foreign Policy.
2. Cordial Relations with Muslim Countries
Pakistan always tries to establish cordial and friendly relations with Muslim countries.
It has always moved its concern against Israel, India and U.S.S.R capturing Palestine,
Kashmir and Afghanistan respectively. She has shouldered high responsibilities and
used her influence for safeguarding the rights of the Muslims. Pakistan is also an
active member of the Islamic Conference.
3. Non-Interference in Internal Affairs of Other Countries
Pakistan has sought to establish normal and friendly relations with all countries
especially in neighbouring countries, on the basis of universally acknowledge the
principle of national sovereignity, non use of force, non-interference in the internal
affairs of states.
4. Implementation of U.N Charter
Pakistan's policy is to act upon UN charter and to support all moves by the UN to
implement it. Pakistan has been the member of UN since the year of its birth.
5. Promotion of World Peace
Pakistan's policy is to promote peace among nations. It has no aggressive designs
against any country. Neither does it support any such action. Pakistan has always held
that the international disputes should be settled through negotiations rather than
non-battlefield.
6. Non-Alignment
Pakistan follows the policy of Non-Alignment i.e. to keep away from alignment with
any big power bloc, and avoids taking sides in the cold war. It has also given up its
association with SEATO and CENTO and was included in NAM in 1979.
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7. Support for Self-Determination and Condemnation of Racial Discrimination
Pakistan is a stomach supporter of the right of self-determination and has been in the
fore front of efforts to eliminate colonialism and racism. It has advocated the right of
self-determination of Kashmir.
8. Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament
Pakistan is deeply conscious of the fact that international peace and security cannot be
achieved and sustained in the world with arms. Disarmament is the imperative
condition for truly durable peace in the world. Pakistan has a vital stake in promotion
of disarmament both in the nuclear and conventional fields. It is included in the
principles of its foreign policy that a collective endeavor by countries at the regional
level to promote disarmament and enhance security at the lowest possible level of
armaments is an indispensable result to their advocacy of global disarmament.
9. Member of International Organization
Pakistan had become the member of the British Commonwealth with the time of its
establishment. In addition it is the member of United Nations (U.N), Non-Aligned
Movement (NAM), Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), Economic
Cooperation Organization (ECO), South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation
(SAARC), Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), and D-Eight. Being a
member of International Organizations the objectives of Pakistan are to struggle for
world peace, to unify the Muslim countries and to promote regional co-operation.
Objectives of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
Following are the objectives/aims of Pakistan’s foreign policy:
National Security
Territorial Integrity
Economic well-being
National Prestige
Elements Effecting Foreign Policy
The political organization found in a country also greatly influences the foreign
policy.
For example under authoritarian systems quick foreign policy decisions are taken.
The press also plays a vital role in foreign policy formulation process. The
nature of political accountability prevailing in a system also greatly influence the
foreign policy of the state.
The leadership also plays a vital role in the shaping of a country’s foreign policy.
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The great power structure prevailing in the world politics also greatly influence
the policy of a country.
While making foreign policy the state has to take note of the international law,
treaties and contracts.
While formulating its foreign policy a country has to take note of the reaction of
other states to its various actions.
Alliances concluded by various states also greatly influence the foreign policy.
The world public opinion also influences the state’s foreign policy.
Importance
Foreign policy is the name of running country’s affairs
Maintain the relationship between one country to another
Safeguarding the interests of country
Keeping the state safe an secure
Conclusion
The guiding principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy are rooted in the country's Islamic
ideology, its rich cultural heritage and historical experience. As an Islamic and
non-aligned country, Pakistan supports Islamic causes and firmly upholds the above
mentioned principles, which hold out the promise of a just and equitable world order
in which nations can live in peace and security.