The document discusses Pakistan's climate and weather patterns, highlighting its classification into four seasons and the country's high vulnerability to climate change. It details the impacts of climate change, including increased floods and droughts, health risks from temperature rises, and economic consequences. The document suggests solutions like water conservation, improving flood monitoring systems, and reducing fossil fuel consumption to mitigate climate effects.

1. Tasneem Ahmed
B.Ed. 2nd
Pakistan and
Climate Changes

2. Weather:
• A short period(24 hours) of temperature and humidity
and air pressure in specific area.
Climate:
• For long period of time (3 to 6 months),temperature
and humidity and air pressure in specific area.
Season:
• When we divide year into different parts according to
temperature .then each part is called season .
• In Pakistan shamse year are classified into 4 season
• Winter (nov,dec,jan,feb).
• Summer (may,june,july,aug).
• Autumn (sep, oct).
• Spring (march,april).

3. Pakistan and Climate Change
o Various studies place Pakistan among
the highly vulnerable countries due to
climate change.
o During last three years country has
witnessed rapid weather shift in various
provinces.
o Monsoon has become highly
unpredictable.
o Country witnessing floods in one
province and drought in other.
o Indus River—lifeline of Pakistani
economy-is becoming highly erratic .

4. Causes of climate changes
• Enhanced concentration of Green House Gases
(GHGs), especially the carbon-dioxide, in the
atmosphere is causing the global warming.
• Impact of climatic changes encompass varied
areas such biodiversity, agriculture, fisheries,
forests, water, energy, food, natural disasters,
etc.
• This could directly impact country’s national,
food, water and energy.

5. Impacts of Climate Change
• More floods and droughts.
• Late monsoon rains.
• Temperature increased.
• Winter shortened.
• More variability in rainfall.
• Shorter snowfall season.
• Early spring snowmelt .
• Accelerated glacial melting.
• May affect water availability, water
quality, ecosystems, etc.
• Decrease forest productivity.

6. Climate Impacts to Health from Increased
Temperatures
• The human body maintains body temperature in ambient temperatures not
exceeding 32 degrees C .
• Above this temperature, heat lost through the skin and sweating .
• Direct impacts to health:
a) Heat cramps – muscular pains and spasms .
b) Heat exhaustion – body fluids are lost through heavy sweating.
c) Heat stroke – is life threatening.
• Indirect impacts:
a) Range of areas that can potentially be affected with gradual and extreme
temperature increases.
b) Includes impacts on ecosystems, water, food, disease-carrying vectors, lifestyle,
community resilience.

7. Temperature

8. Storms/Flooding
• Monsoon floods in Pakistan during September, killed
more than 400 people and affected more than 4.5
million others:
• The worst floods were in 2010, when almost 1,800
people were killed and 21 million were affected.

9. Drinking Water Supply
Drying climate causes:
• Changes to land cover and run-off patterns (erosion)
• Increased bushfire risk
• Increased sediment, nutrient and debris.
Flooding can also affect drinking water supplies:
• Coastal intrusion
• Contamination

10. Air Quality
• Weather has a major role in the
development, transport,
dispersion and deposition of air
pollutants.
• Air pollution episodes are often
associated with stationary or
slowly moving air masses.
• Air pollutants and fine particulate
matter may change in response to
climate change.

11. Air Quality

12. Economic Impacts
Economic impacts may be as
follows:
• Loss of income and/or assets.
• Reduction of goods and services.
• Higher costs of insurance, food,
water and energy.
• Financial strain for Governments
and others.
• Impacts on provision of health
services.

13. Social Impacts
Lifestyle and behaviour are likely to be affected in the
following ways:
o Increased temperatures:
o Increases in crime - particularly involving
aggression.
o Accidents - workplace and traffic .
o Decline in physical health .
o Hot nights may cause sleep deprivation.
o Lack of cold water- reduced ability to cool
down.

15. Solution
• Domestic water saving & sea water utilization.
• Strengthening river flow monitoring network &
flood warning system.
• Encourage agriculture-drought management
practices.
• Reduce our consumption of fossil fuels.
• Replacing just 1 incandescent light bulb with 1
compact florescent bulb saves about 150 pounds
of carbon dioxide per year!

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