climate change

1. Lesson 7:
THE EFFECTS OF
CLIMATE CHANGE
TRENDS, NETWORKS AND CRITICAL
THINKING IN THE 21st
CENTURY 12
Second Semester- Quarter I, Week 7

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The Nature of Climate Change
Climate
refers to the average
weather in a particular
place. It includes
precipitation,
temperature, humidity,
wind and seasons

5. Climate patterns play an important
part in the formation of natural
ecosystems. Human economies and
cultures also depend on climate.
However in recent times, our
climate has changed drastically with
disturbing impacts.
Since 1990, global average
temperature has risen by 0.7
degrees Celsius.
These small changes in the earth's
average temperature can lead to
great and potentially dangerous
changes in climate and weather
patterns.
Climate change-refers to a significant change in the
climate conditions and measures that usually lasts
for an extended period of time. It involves major
changes in temperature, precipitation or wind
patterns that can occur over a particular length of
time.
Global warming-is caused by an
ongoing rise in global average
temperature near earth’s surface. It
is due to an increasing
concentrations of greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere. Global warming
causes changes in climate patterns.
It represents an aspect of climate
change.

6. Causes of Climate Change
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THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change has produced severe and extreme environmental
problems. At present, humanity has observed and experienced the
impact of this environmental problem. In this learning activity,
you will learn the diverse effects of climate change on
agriculture, livestock, fisheries, species extinction, water supply
and quality, food supply and safety to the different world regions

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1.Rise in temperature
Climate change bring about a
continuous rise in global temperatures
due to the increase of greenhouse gas
emissions.

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2. Changes in the patterns of precipitation
In the United States, the average precipitation has
increased since 1900. More winter and spring are
projected. Projection of US climate suggest the trend
toward occurrence of increased heavy precipitation
will continue.

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3. Droughts and heat waves intensify
Droughts and heat waves in different countries are
likely to become more intense as cold waves
become less intense everywhere. Summer
temperatures are likely to rise continuously.

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4. Strength and intensity of typhoons and hurricanes will increase
Since the early 1980s, the intensity, frequency and duration of strong
hurricanes and typhoons have increased.

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5. Rise of sea level by one to four feet by 2100.
Global rise in sea level by about eight inches began in 1880. Scientist
projected rise of sea level by one to four feet in 2100. This is caused by
the melting of land ice and expansion of sea water.

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6. Shrinking ice sheets
Scientists have observed the decrease in mass of the Greenland and
Antarctic ice sheets. Data from NASA reveal that Greenland lost about
150-250 cubic kilometers per year between 2002-2006.

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Impact on
Agriculture
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Impact on Agriculture
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Warmer temperatures can allow crops to grow
more quickly, but could also decrease crop
yields. Crops tend to grow faster in warmer
conditions, however, for some crops like grains,
faster growth can reduce the amount of time that
seeds need to grow and mature. Global warming
may benefit some crops, however if warming
goes beyond a crops’ optimum temperature, crop
yields can be reduced.
Agricultural countries relying on rain for plant
cultivation face big challenges because climate
change resulted to projected increase in summer
temperatures and decline in precipitation level.

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Impacts on
Livestock
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Heat stress affects both directly and
indirectly because it can increase the
vulnerability of animals to disease and
reduce their fertility and milk production.
Drought can also affect animal pasture
and feed supplies.
Climate change can also result to the
spread of parasites and diseases that
affect livestock. It allows parasites and
pathogens to survive more easily.
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Impacts on Livestock

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Impacts on
Fisheries
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Climate change can affect the supply of fish and marine
life because many marine and aquatic species can only
survive on particular temperature ranges. Diseases
among aquatic life are more prevalent in warm waters.
Temperature and season changes can also affect the
timing of reproduction and migration of marine life.
An aquatic animal’s life cycle is based on temperature
and the changing of seasons. Hot water temperatures
can affect the life cycle of salmons. Increase in
atmospheric carbon dioxide can lead to increasing
acidity of oceans. An increase in the ocean’s acidity
level can weaken the shells of shellfishes.
Warmer seas kill coral reefs which lead to decline of
fish supply.
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Impacts on Fisheries

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Impacts on Water Supply
and Quality
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Climate change can cause decrease water resources
particularly in areas that are already experiencing
droughts, population pressures and water resource
extraction. The availability of water resource is
connected with the amount and timing of rainfall. By
2050, it is projected that the annual average river
runoff will rise by 10 to 40% at high latitudes and in
some wet tropical areas.
Temperature increase, precipitation change, sea level
rise and extreme events could reduce water quality in
many regions. Salt water can be affected by the rising
sea level while storm surges could threaten water
supplies and in coastal areas and in small islands.

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Impacts on Human Health
1. Sustained rise in temperature can lead to frequent and severe heat
stress.
2. The reduction in air quality can cause breathing problems and
respiratory disease.
3. Climate change can affect agricultural products and disrupts the
balance of food systems which leads to malnutrition brought by lack
of food supply.
4. It can cause spread of infectious diseases.
5. Mosquito-related diseases such as malaria may increase in areas that
are affected by higher levels of precipitation. An increase in the
amount of rainfall can spread dengue fever.
6. People in low-income areas are vulnerable to disaster due to climate
change.

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Impacts on Food Supply and Food Safety
Impacts on Food Supply
As carbon dioxide increases and climate change
continues, the quality and distribution of food will be
affected. Higher air temperatures can increase
Salmonella cases and other bacteria-related diseases
because bacteria rapidly develop in warmer
environments. These diseases can cause gastrointestinal
diseases and, in some cases, even death.
Climate change can result to higher risks of chemical
contaminations in food. For example, higher sea surface
temperatures can bring about higher mercury
concentrations in seafood while increases in extreme
weather conditions will introduce contaminants into food
chain.

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INTHEWORLD. Mahatma Gandhi – Civil Rights Activist