Pain management

Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Definition An unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or is described in terms of such damage-(IASP) Pain

Classification of Pain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pathophysiology ,[object Object],Each nociceptor has a detection threshold potential which must be exceeded before an impulse travels from the peripheral receptor site to the CNS.

Nociception Physiological process which involves transduction , transmission , modulation and perception of the noxious stimuli. Pain is the subjective interpretation of nociceptive input. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Different types of stimuli ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Different types of nerve fibers concerned with the impulse transfer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A- delta or C nerve fibers carry nerve impulse from the periphery to the dorsal or ventral spinal root and then to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after nociceptor threshold has been reached.

Different Types of pain and their conduction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pain tolerance Greatest level of pain that a subject will tolerate. Varies widely among both individual and species. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Central sensitization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pain Pathway ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ascending Pathways ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Descending System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Assessment and recognition of pain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Physiologic Signs of pain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Behavioural response ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Degree of Pain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pain Management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Non pharmacologic approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Non pharmacologic approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Continued

Pharmacologic approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transduction Noxious Stimulus Transmission Modulation Perception LAs, NSAIDs LAs Opiods, α 2-agonists General Anaesthetics, Opiods, α 2-agonists

Local Anaesthetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Opioids ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Principles of Postoperative pain management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pain management

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Pain management