Presentation on Paddystraw Mushroom, Experiential Learning work Conducted by Me & My Colleges During 8th Semester.

1. Presented By
Debasish Pattnaik
Regd No.1341901051
Presented to
Dr. N.K Dhal
Professor (Plant Pathology)
IAS, Siksha ‘O’Anusandhan University
Bhubaneswar, Odisha

2. Introduction
• A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus.
• There are more than 30,000 identified types of mushrooms worldwide.
• 99% of these are safely edible and roughly 1% is poisonous.
• Yet there are still many undiscovered mushroom species and the effects of
some mushrooms on human health remain unknown

3. Importance of Mushroom Cultivation
Nutritional value
• Protein content, 3-7% when fresh and 25- 40% when dry. Contain all essential amino acids, amides and lysine.
Medicinal value
• Consumption of mushrooms slows down the spread and effect of cancer, heart disease, HIV/AIDS (by boosting immune
system).
• Income generation and
• Employment creation.
• Contain all essential amino acids
• Has Vit.C, cynocobalimin (Vit,B12) content found only in animal products
• Low in sodium ideal for people with heart and kidney ointments.
• Have iron, calcium, potassium, phosphorus and folic acid.

4. Basic anatomy of Mushroom
• Hyaline dikaryotic edible mushroom unite
to form a bulbous pseudoparenchymatus
covering called Vulva.
• Pseudoparenchymatus tissue grows to
form stem or stipe having a cap on the
tip.
• Below the cap there are gills or lamella.

6. Common Name- Paddy Straw Mushroom
Scientific Name- Volvariella volvacea
Common Name- Oyester Mushroom
Scientific Name- Pleurotus sp
Common Name- Button Mushroom
Scientific Name- Agaricus bisporus
3 major types of mushroom in Odisha

7. There are 3 basic steps
for mushroom
cultivation

8. Isolation of
Mushroom Fungus
Mushroom Spawn
Production
Mushroom Bed
Preparation

9. 1. Isolation of Mushroom Fungus
• The mushroom fungus need to be isolated first for preparing a pure culture.
• From the pure culture further multiplication through spawn production is
carried out.
• From the freshly available mushroom we can make another pure culture
under laboratory condition.

10. Requirements
• Young Fleshy bud of
Volvariella Sp.
• Antibiotic Solution
• Filter sterilisation unit
• PDA Growth Media
• Cutting Knife
• Forceps
• Bunsen Burner
• Spirit Lamp
• Petridish (Hot Serililised)

11. Procedure
Collection of sample bud
Preparation of growth media
Preparation of antibiotic solution
Isolation

12. Collection of sample bud
• Collect fully grown bud from the growing substrate and use the bud for
isolation within next 24 hours.
• Don’t the freeze the bud and keep the bud in open space.
• We had collected the sample of 3 mushrooms i.e. Paddystraw, Oyester &
Button

13. Preparation of growth media
• 200 gm of potatoes are peeled off and cut into small cubes of 0.5mm
• Then the potatoes are boiled in 250ml water in one pot.
• In another pot agar agar & dextrose are boiled in 250ml water
• Then the boiled potato water is separated and added into the other pot and
adjusted to 500ml.
• Then the media was transferred to culture tubes and conical flasks.
• The media was sterilised in autoclave at 15psi pressure for 20 minutes.
• The culture tube were kept in slanting position and 15-20ml of media was
transferred into each petridish.

14. Cutting of Potatoes into small cubes
of 0.5mm
Boiling of potatoes in one
container & Agar agar +
Dextrose in other

15. Preparation of antibiotic solution
• 200ppm of streptomycin solution was prepared .
• A syringe was taken & filter membrane was fixed at the tip and
the solution was transferred into 10ml of sterile water.

16. Isolation
• Base portion of the mushroom was taken and a fleshy tissue was taken out from the
central portion of the bud.
• Dip the cut portion in antibiotic solution and keep it for 20 minutes.
• A piece of tissue was transferred to centre of the petri-plate.
• The petri-plate was kept in upside down position at 270 -300C in an incubator.
• The growth of the mushroom fungus was observed after 48-72hours.
• If the growth has occurred then transfer mycelium from the tip portion to the centre
of the slant.
• Prepare two slants which are called as mother culture.
• If contamination occurs repeat the process until pure culture is attained.

17. Isolation & Transfer into slant

18. Conclusion & Suggestion
• We had done 3 cultures of each mushroom but we wont be able to get the
pure culture.
• This had happened due to the infection attained by the other fungus.
• Suggestion would be for making of better sterilised condition for attaining
pure culture, lab should be more clean and there should be restriction of the
students without apron.

19. 2. Mushroom Spawn Production
• Spawn is the mycelium of mushrooms growing in its substratum and
prepared for the purpose of propagating mushroom production.
• We have taken rice straw as a substrate for the preparation of paddy straw
mushroom spawn.

20. Requirements
• Straw as substrate
• Gram powder
• Conical flask
• Mother culture

21. Procedure
• Rice straw was soaked overnight after cutting into 2.5cm long pieces.
• The excess water was removed out and required amount of gram powder was mixed in
the straw thoroughly.
• In conical flask the straw was compactly packed and the mouth was plugged with non
absorbent cotton plug.
• Then the bottles were sterilised in autoclave at temperature of 1210C at 15psi pressure
for 20minutes.
• The cooling of the spawn substrate and inoculation with mycelial culture under
laminar air flow chamber.
• After 15 days the mycelial growth took forward at the bottom of the flask & red
pinhead like structure was developed.

22. Straw substrate preparation

23. Transfer of mycelium to spawn from mother
culture

24. Inoculated flask getting mycelial growth
Innoculation

25. Precaution
• The rice straw should not be over wet as if water stand on the bottom of the flask
the growth of mycelium is restricted.
• Container should not be tightly sealed as air cannot pass and steam cannot enter
properly.
• Prevent the entry of moulds.
• Use very clean cotton plug.
• Inoculate under clean condition on laminar air flow chamber.
• Clean the table with disinfectant.
• Use only pure culture spawn.

26. Conclusion & Suggestion
• We got better results in spawn production, most of the spawn gets growth
of pinkish dot like primodia, which is optimum for the commercial sale and
production also.
• It would be better if we had prepared the spawn with different substrates
other than straw and check the growth.

27. 3.Mushroom Bed Preparation
• The allotted mushroom is Paddystraw mushroom.
• We had used our spawn with straw substrate, prepared by ourself.
• For mushroom bed preparation a well equipped mushroom house is to be
prepared first.
• But we had made our bed in our Farm house of new campus(Panikudia).

28. Requirement
• Rice straw
• Bamboo stick
• Bricks
• Spawn
• Gram powder
• Rosecan

29. Procedure
• 20 bundles/bed of straw are soaked in water for 6 – 8 hours.
• The bundles were taken out and the excess water was drained out
• Prepare a raised platform using 3m X 3m bamboo stick and kept over bricks on all 4 corner.
• Making bed by pacing 4 bundles side by side and another 4 bundle in opposite side and that forms one layer of 8
bundles.
• Place small quantity of spawn inside the margin at an interval of 10-15 cm along the peri-phery
• Then the gram powder is applied over the spawn surface.
• Place the straw bundle at right angle to the previous layer in a cris cross fashion to make third layer.
• Then the straw bundle with opposite end to form the 4th layer.
• The spawn is put inside the above layer and gram powder is applied over it.
• Then place last layer of the straw bundle over this & don’t apply spawn and press the bed to make it compact as
possible.
• Watering is done after one day of bed preparation accordingly the moisture content is maintained.

30. Soaking of straw bundles in water for 6 hours

31. Preparation of mushroom
bed from Bricks & Bamboo
Sticks

32. Layer by Layer Cris-Cross arrangement of straw bundles
First layer Spawning through forceps Mushroom Bed is prepared

33. Harvesting of mushroom
Date of harvesting-22/03/2017, 24/03/2017, 26/03/2017
• Pinheads appear after 4-5 days of spawning.
• Total 9-10 days are taken for first harvest after spawning and the first flush lasts
for 3 days accounting around 75% of the total mushroom yield.
• The second flush appears after few days and this flush accounts for rest 25% of
the total mushroom yield.
• The mature fruiting bodies should be carefully separated from the beds/substrate
by lifting and shaking slightly left or right and then twisting them off.
• The mushrooms should not be cut off by knives or scissors from the base of the
stalk, because the stalk left behind on the bed/substrate will rot and be attacked
by pests and contaminated by moulds, which in turn will destroy the mushroom
bed.

34. First Harvest – 407gm

35. Second Harvest-300gm

36. Observation
Activity Date
Date of soaking of straw 07/03/17
Bed preparation 08/03/17
Mycelial growth 15/03/17
Pin-head formation 19/03/17
First phase of mushroom harvesting 22/03/17
Second phase of mushroom harvesting 24/03/17
Third phase of mushroom harvesting 26/03/17

37. Sl. No Item Quantity Cost(in Rs.)
1 Paddy Straw 20 bundles 40/-
2 Spawn 1 Bottle 00/-
3 Gram Powder 250 gm 15/-
4 Labour Charge 1 00/-
5 Misc 05/-
Total 60/-
Cost of cultivation per bed

38. Benefit Cost Ratio
• B:C Ratio = Net profit/ Net Investment
• Total Investment- Rs.60/-
• Yield-707gm
• Selling Price of 1 kg Paddy Straw Mushroom is Rs.200/-
• Selling Price of my produce is Rs.130/-
• B:C ratio = 142/60
= 2.366

39. Innovative Mushroom Production
• I also had made one ornamental
mushroom production.
• I had taken a plastic vase for growing
mushroom.
• But due to the infected spawn it cant
grow.

40. Conclusion
• I got satisfactory results in mushroom production i.e. around 700gm, but it
would have better if we had produced mushroom in proper mushroom
house.
• Although in total Experiential Learning Programme we had a great
experience of knowing the secrets behind the mushroom production.
• I am confident enough to teach the basics of mushroom production to
anyone.