Mushroom cultivation
Agaricus bisporus
Straw mushroom cultivation
Temperate mushroom
How to cultivate button mushroom
White button mushroom
Methodology of mushroom cultivation
Study of button mushroom cultivation
Research in Mauritius
Mushroom cultivation
Agaricus bisporus
Straw mushroom cultivation
Temperate mushroom
How to cultivate button mushroom
White button mushroom
Methodology of mushroom cultivation
Study of button mushroom cultivation
Research in Mauritius
Types of mushroom:In particularly edible mushroom available in India and also i include other types of edible mushroom current status.I denoted mushroom structure,character,nutrient value and favour for their growth , in which contry and their favour also included.
Mushroom are good nutritional food sorces,Mushroom used as medical purposses,commercial use.Mushroom are used to produces varity of food recipes like soap,cutlet,omelet etc...
Its is very cheep and esily digestable one.It does not contain fat,so all person able to eat and make a good healty..
It is rich in proteins, minerals,vitamins, carbohydrates, riboflavin etc...it is healty and give all essential energy sources into our body.
Mushrooms are nature's hidden treasures of nutrition. Many people like them for their satisfying meaty taste and their versatility. But are they really good for you? The answer is yes! In fact, you will be surprised to learn about the nutritional benefits of mushrooms. For thousands of years, mushrooms have been used in eastern medicine for their various health benefits.
Mushroom cultivation and production
for B.Sc-Agriculture students
for more informations and suggestion kindly contact me through Emial,
I will try to do my my best
Diseases and insect Pests of Mushroom .Vikas Tiwari
Mushroom are mainly subjected to bacterial , fungal and viral diseases.
Improper pasteurization of compost and casing soil can be the major source of diseases
Once the disease is introdeuced in the farm it can be carried out by different agencies like air, water, machines and workers.
Mycorrhiza Biofertilizer is also known as VAM (Myco = Fungal + rrhiza = roots) adheres to plants rhizoids leading to development of hyphae. Hyphae boost development and spreading of white root in to soil leading to significant increase in rhizosphere. These hyphae further penetrate and form arbuscules within the root cortical. VAM fungi form a special symbiotic relationship with roots of plant that can enhance growth and survivability of colonized plants. Mycorrhiza Biofertilizer is very useful in organic farming as well as normal commercial farming
This is complete presentation about the Shiitake mushroom cultivation. Shiitake mushroom farming can be the most promising source of nutrients and income for the poor farmers who could not afford more money for huge commercial farming since shiitake farming can be done using local and easily available resources.
Types of mushroom:In particularly edible mushroom available in India and also i include other types of edible mushroom current status.I denoted mushroom structure,character,nutrient value and favour for their growth , in which contry and their favour also included.
Mushroom are good nutritional food sorces,Mushroom used as medical purposses,commercial use.Mushroom are used to produces varity of food recipes like soap,cutlet,omelet etc...
Its is very cheep and esily digestable one.It does not contain fat,so all person able to eat and make a good healty..
It is rich in proteins, minerals,vitamins, carbohydrates, riboflavin etc...it is healty and give all essential energy sources into our body.
Mushrooms are nature's hidden treasures of nutrition. Many people like them for their satisfying meaty taste and their versatility. But are they really good for you? The answer is yes! In fact, you will be surprised to learn about the nutritional benefits of mushrooms. For thousands of years, mushrooms have been used in eastern medicine for their various health benefits.
Mushroom cultivation and production
for B.Sc-Agriculture students
for more informations and suggestion kindly contact me through Emial,
I will try to do my my best
Diseases and insect Pests of Mushroom .Vikas Tiwari
Mushroom are mainly subjected to bacterial , fungal and viral diseases.
Improper pasteurization of compost and casing soil can be the major source of diseases
Once the disease is introdeuced in the farm it can be carried out by different agencies like air, water, machines and workers.
Mycorrhiza Biofertilizer is also known as VAM (Myco = Fungal + rrhiza = roots) adheres to plants rhizoids leading to development of hyphae. Hyphae boost development and spreading of white root in to soil leading to significant increase in rhizosphere. These hyphae further penetrate and form arbuscules within the root cortical. VAM fungi form a special symbiotic relationship with roots of plant that can enhance growth and survivability of colonized plants. Mycorrhiza Biofertilizer is very useful in organic farming as well as normal commercial farming
This is complete presentation about the Shiitake mushroom cultivation. Shiitake mushroom farming can be the most promising source of nutrients and income for the poor farmers who could not afford more money for huge commercial farming since shiitake farming can be done using local and easily available resources.
Growing oyster mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Director...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Growing oyster mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
36. Mushroom growing Ooyster mushroom , A Series of Presentation By Mr Allah ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A Series of Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Master Trainer in Mushroom Technology Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Taxonomic Collections, Preservation and Curating of InsectsKamlesh Patel
Taxonomy: Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
The classification of organisms is according to hierarchal system or in taxonomic ranks (eg; domain, kingdom, phylum class, order, family, genus and species) based on phylogenetic relationship established by genetic analysis.
Taxonomic Collection : Biological collection are typically preserved plant or animals specimens along with specimen documentations such as labels and notations.
Dry Collection - Dry collections consist of those specimens that are preserved in a dry state.
Wet Collection - Wet collections are specimens kept in a liquid preservative to prevent their deterioration.
Oyster mushrooms can be grown on a variety of substrates, including:
Paddy straw
Maize stalks/cobs
Vegetable plant residues
Sugarcane bagasse
Hulled maize cobs
Paddy straw is commonly used because it is inexpensive and easily accessible. To prepare the straw, cut it into 3–5 cm pieces and soak it in fresh water for 8–16 hours.
Oyster mushroom can grow at moderate temperature ranging from 20 to 300 C and humidity 55-70% for a period of 6 to 8 months in a year. It can also be cultivated in summer months by providing the extra humidity required for its growth. In hilly areas above 900m
Seed Collecting Techiques - United Kingdom
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. Oyster mushroom
• The oyster mushroom is one of the few known
carnivorous mushrooms. Its mycelia can kill
and digest nematodes, which is believed to be
a way in which the mushroom
obtains nitrogen
• The oyster mushroom is a saprotroph,
meaning it feeds on dead and decaying matter
(mainly wood).
4. Oyster mushroom
• This mushroom is often seen growing on dying
hardwood trees, it only appears to be
acting saprophytically, rather than parasitically. As
the tree dies of other causes, P. ostreatus grows
on the rapidly increasing mass of dead and dying
wood
• They actually benefit the forest by decomposing
the dead wood, returning vital elements and
minerals to the ecosystem in a form usable to
other plants and organisms
5. Oyster mushroom
• Oyster mushrooms contain small amounts
of arabitol, a sugar alcohol, which may cause
gastrointestinal upset in some people
• The caps usually range between 5 to 25 cm (2 to
10 inches) and are shaped like a fan or an oyster.
• The caps are rolled into a convex shape when
young and will flatten out and turn up as the
mushroom ages.
• They can be white, yellow, brown, tan, and even
pink!
6. Oyster mushroom
• Oysters naturally produce compounds
called statins.Statin drugs reduce "bad
cholesterol" (LDL) by stimulating receptors in
the liver to clear the cholesterol from the
body.
• Studies have shown a link between
consuming Pleurotus ostreatus and a lowering
of cholesterol levels, no doubt due to the
statins they produce
7. Oyster mushroom
• Hopefully future research will reveal exactly how
much to eat to get these effects.
• As for cancer, research shows a possible anti-
tumor effect from polysaccharides in oysters. A
polysaccharide is a complex carbohydrate made
up of smaller sugar molecules
• Specific polysaccharides, known as beta-D-
glucans, are suspected to stimulate the immune
system to fight cancer.The beta-D-glucan isolated
from oyster mushrooms is called pleuran
8. Oyster mushroom
• If you do plan on finding them in the forest be
sure to look on hardwoods (oak, maple,
aspen, elm, etc..)
9. Cultivation of oyster mushroom
Step 1: Materials
• Straw
• Containers
• Plastic bags
• Elastic bands or string
• Barrel or drum
• Material liner
• Gas burner
• Bleach spray (to clean growing room)
• Spoon, gloves, clean clothes, face mask (to look the part when inoculating straw)
• A growing area that can retain moisture in the air, shaded with some light
Possibly plastic sheeting (to help retain humidity & to reduce other unwanted
moulds)
• Mushroom spawn
• A thermometer and hygrometer (to keep an eye on temperature and relative
humidity)
10. Cultivation of oyster mushroom
• Step 2: Soak Straw, Drain and Bag
• Step 3: Pasteurise
• Step 4: Prepare Growing Room(To prepare
the room for the inoculations, spray a 1:20
(5%) solution of bleach along walls and
corners (any area where mould might like to
grow).
11. Cultivation of oyster mushroom
• Temperatures of 10°C to 24°C (50°F to 75°F)
for pleurotus ostreatus (winter) and 10°C to
30°C (50°F to 85°F) for pleurotus pulmonarius
(summer) should be available depending on
stage of growth (initial spawn run,
colonisation, pinning and fruiting
12. Step 5: Inoculate Bags
• Before inoculating the bags of straw, make sure you
have showered and are wearing clean clothes.
• Clean your hands with antibacterial soap or wear
sterile gloves.
• A face mask and hair cap will also help reduce
contamination
• Open the bags of straw and the mushroom spawn.
• Taking a sterile spoon, place a few spoonfuls into the
straw, breaking it up and mixing lightly.
• As a general rule, the more spawn you add, the faster
the substrate will be colonised
13. Step 5: Inoculate Bags
• Restrict the opening of the bag by placing a
rubber band (or cord) around the bag's neck.
• Taking a small piece of cotton wool, plug the
bag's opening to reduce the chances of
contamination and insect infestation.
• Leave to incubate
14. Step 6: Encourage Colonisation
• Once inoculated, the bags should be left to
incubate.
• During this time the spawn "runs" (mycelium
spreads) throughout the straw.
• The spawn run will be complete when the
mycelium has spread entirely throughout the bag
(the straw is then fully colonised).
• Depending on the mushroom variety, humidity
and temperature, this process should take
between 1 to 3 weeks.
15. Step 7: Monitor Bags
• It is important to monitor the bags for any sign of unwanted
moulds and pests.
• While the straw is still in the bags, you shouldn't have a
problem with insects or mice.
• However, the best policy for fighting both contamination
and infestation, is prevention.
• You may want to spray some surfaces to deter flies and
other insects from setting up home, mesh any windows and
keep doors closed.
• Up to a 10% loss due to contamination is generally
regarded as acceptable.
16. Step 8: Encourage Pinning
• You may notice an initial drying out of early
stage pinning, as you remove the plastic.
• As you maintain the humidity levels this will
regenerate.
• Keep a close eye on flies and spray when
needed.
• If any mould is found, either remove the
infected straw or the entire mound from the
growing area
17. Step 9: Harvesting
• You may harvest the mushrooms at any size,
however, once a mushroom has reached its
full size, you will notice it will begin to dry,
turning a yellowish colour (they taste great,
even dry).
• When harvesting, remove the mushroom
completely, by twisting firmly at its base
18. Step 9: Harvesting
• After harvesting a few crops, we found it helpful
to stack the mounds of straw, which seemed to
help increase the yield.
• If you find your mushrooms with long stalks and
small caps, they may not be getting enough light,
also high CO2 levels can also lead to small
deformities (allow for more fresh air).
• After the straw ceases to produce mushrooms, it
can be fed to livestock or composted.