Online learning management system for skilling of
integrated farming system farmers under Holistic
Agriculture Development Programme
Mushroom production tips based on bi-product generated
within farm
Resource person:
Dr. Rehana Habib Kanth
Dr. Vikas Gupta

Mushroom Production tips based on bi-product generated
within farm
• Generally in 1 ha area of IFS model established at Wadura, approximately 0.37 ha
land area is allocated to crop unit that generated about 20 quintals paddy straw
and 12 quintals wheat straw within the farm.
• About 70 % of the wheat straw/Paddy Straw is used as a dry fodder to animal unit
having 2 milch animal with their young ones and remaining 03 quintals of wheat
Straw/Paddy Straw is re-cycled for making compost for mushroom production.

Low cost infrastructure for mushroom production.
Tips for housing:
1. The mushrooms can be grown in any of the farm available structure
with the caution that it should be properly ventilated and should be
away from animal or fish cum poultry units
2. Very low cost structures are suggested for mushroom production it
can be made of thatches which is mostly preferred by small and
marginal farmers
3. In this case the low cost structure was designed in the area of 20 feet
by 20 feet with the centre height of 10-12 feet with half concrete and
half portion made of thatches, Capacity – 250 bags using 10 qts of
compost
4. For proper ventilation two exhaust fans have been inducted the area
within the structure has been suggested to be compartamentalized so
that crop area and processing area is demarcated.
5. The production of the mushroom is to be performed vertically and for
that matter either iron racks or bamboo racks with portable size of 5
feet height and 6 feet length containing 3 shelves with and
equidistance of 2.5-3 feet.
6. It requires one weighing scale, thermometer (temperature measuring),
cutting knife, sieving machine and packaging material.

Mushroom Species to be selected for cultivation
October - 1st week of march- Temperature range 25-30oC
Button Mushroom – Strains : NBS-5,
Jan-mid April- Temperature 18-75oC
Oyster- Pleurotus Florida
Steps for preparation of compost:
Step 1: Wheat straw to be used for composting 05 qts
Step 2: Ingredients used for compost making Wheat straw:
05 quintals Poultry manure: 200 kgs Mustard cake: 25-30
kgs Wheat Bran: 50 kgs Urea: 4-5 kgs Gypsum: 35-40 kgs
Spawn: 8-10 kgs Formalin: 100-200 ml Biodegradable
Polybags: 6 kgs
Note: Formalin for sterilization for cropping room
NBS-5 Pleurotus Florida
Soaked straw spreading, mixing of ingredients and heaping

Tips for Composting
• Day 0: Soaking of wheat straw
• Day 1: Mixing of ingredients (Wheat bran, poultry manure,
mustard cake and wheat straw) and piling
• Day 7: (1st Turning) Opening, turning and piling (water to be
applied if required in order to maintain proper moisture)
• Day 11: 2nd Turning and piling
• Day 14: 3rd Turning and addition of 30 kgs of Gypsum
• Day 17: 4th Turning and piling
• Day 20: 5th Turning and addition of remaining 10kg Gypsum
depending on physical condition of compost decomposition
• Day 26: 7th Turning and piling
• Day 30: Opening of pile, mixing of spawn and filling of bags
(Preparation of casing material (FYM: Sand- 3:1 ratio), disinfecting
with Formalin)
Operations of Composting, Spawning and Bagging

Spawning and Bagging
• The fully decomposed compost is uniformly spread on the floor in order to maintain the ideal
temperature for proper growth of spawns.
• 70% of the spawns are spread on the compost and is being thoroughly mixed
• The remaining 30% of the spawns left are to be used when the compost is bagged. The spawns are
spread in 2-3 layers maintaining the proper moisture. Before filling the substrate in biodegradable
poly bags, holes of about 1 cm diameter should be made for diffusion of gases and extra moisture
inside bag.
• The bags after properly filled about 8-10 kgs per bag is placed vertically on the shelves fabricated for
the purpose.
• After filling the substrate in the bags, the mouth of the bag should be tied with thread and kept at 22-
26 oC temperature on shelves in mushroom house.

Harvesting & Yield of Button Mushroom
• At regular intervals the care
should be taken to constantly
separate water for maintaining
proper moisture and humidity
• At morning and evening the
exhaust fan shall be used to
remove the excess carbon dioxide.
• The standard harvesting
technique consists of grasping the
base of the stem, pull it with a
twisting motion. The stem root is
cut with knife.
• Yield: 1.5 to 2 kg/bag
Button Mushroom
production with minimum
of 40% biological
efficiency (BE)
BE = Fresh weight of
mushroom/dry weight of
straw x 100
Button Mushroom Bags:
80 bags
BE = 150/500 x 100
= 30.00%
The growth process from start to finish can
be between 35-90 days depending upon the
proper mgt. practices. The Recognizable
part of the mushroom is the fruiting body
which upon achieving optimum size shall
be harvested within a short time and is
harvested by hand with the help of knife

Tips for Dhingri/Oyster Mushroom Production
• Day 1: Soaking of wheat straw in 100 lts water mixed with
Formalin (100ml) and Bavistine (7.5g). The soaked straw is
placed on the floor and kept overnight to remove excess
water
• Day 2: 70% of the spawns are spread on the substrate and
thoroughly mixed. The remaining 30% of the spawns left
are to be used when the compost is bagged. The spawns are
spread in 2-3 layers maintaining the proper moisture.
Before filling the substrate in biodegradable poly bags, cuts
are made at the lower edges of the polybags for diffusion of
gases and extra moisture inside the bag.
Operations of Composting, Spawning and Bagging

Harvesting & Yield of Oyster Mushroom
• The cropping stage lasts for
30-45 days. The mature
mushrooms are harvested
individually by slightly
twisting and lifting the fruit
bodies with the help of two
fingers and a thumb.
• The lower root portion is
removed with the help of a
knife.
• Yield: 1 to 1.5 kg/bag
Oyster Mushroom
production with minimum
of 40% biological efficiency
(BE)
BE = Fresh weight of
mushroom/dry weight of
straw x 100
Oyster Mushroom Bags: 80
bags
BE = 40/100 x 100=40%
= 40.00%
Total Profit realized (₹)
Button Mushroom = 15,871
Oyester Mushroom = 3,300
Total = 19,171

Mushroom Cultivation on Agro Waste
S.No Growing Medium Mushroom Species
1. Rice Straw Agaricus, Oyster and Volvariella
2. Wheat Straw Agaricus, Oyster and Volvariella
3. Coffee pulp Oyster and Shitake
4. Sawdust Oyster, Ganoderma and Shitake
5. Cotton waste from Textile Industry Oyster and Volvariella
7. Cotton Seed Hulls Oyster and Shitake
8. Logs Shitake
9. Maize Cobb Oyster
10. Buck Wheat Straw Oyster

DIFFERENT SPECIES OF DHINGRI
Temperature (oC)
Species Spawn Run Fruiting
Summer Species
Pleurotus flabellatus 25-30 22-26
Pleurotus sajor-caju 25-30 22-26
Pleurotus eous 25-30 22-26
Pleurotus sapidus 25-30 22-26
Pleurotus membraneous 25-30 25-28
Winter Species
Pleurotus ostreatus 25-30 20-22
Pleurotus 25-30 18-22
Pleurotus cornocopie 25-30 18-22
Pleurotus eryngii 18-22 14-18
Pleurotus fossulatus 18-22 16-20