The document explores various philosophical systems (darshanas) in Indian thought, highlighting their key concepts, methodologies, and beliefs related to existence, liberation, and the nature of reality. It discusses the connections between Ayurveda, logic, yoga, and notions of karma, emphasizing the roles of perception and inference in understanding the universe. Different darshanas, including Astika, Nastika, Jaina, Bauddha, and Carvaka, present distinct views on the nature of consciousness, the self, and the pursuit of moksha or liberation.

1. ASTIKA DARSHANS
Darshana Author Basic Concepts Feature Correlated with Ayurveda Pramana Padartha
Vaisheshika
Darshana
Kanada
Science of logic,
futility of maya
Atomic theory; 6 padarthas
and in Dravya have
Panchamahabhutas, Kala, Disha,
Atma e Manas; 4 pramanas;
Tretvada (Ishwara, Jiva, Prakriti);
Peelu paka vada
6 padarthas form the base
of Ayurveda; Samanya and
Vishesha
Pratyaksha (eyes),
Anumana (inference),
Aptopadesha (words),
Upmana (correlate)
Nyaya
Darshana
Gautama
(Tarka ou
anviksiki)
Logical quest for
god, phases of
creation
16 padarthas to moksha; 4
pramanas; Tretvada (Ishwara, Jiva
(Purusha), Prakriti); Pithara Paka
vada
Investigation and
examination; existent (Sat)
or non
existent (Asat) and can be
use 4 Pramanas; Samanya
and Vishesha
Pratyaksha, Anumana,
Aptopadesha,
Upmana
Yoga
Darshana
Patanjali
Pratice of
meditation and
samadhi for
renunciation
8 angas (Yama, Niyama, Asana,
Pranayama, Pratyahara, Dhyana,
Dharana and Samadhi); Tretvada
(Ishwara, Purusha, Prakriti)
8 angas are important for
health and moksha;
Patanjali wrote works on
Yoga and medicine
Pratyaksha, Anumana,
Aptopadesha
Sankhya
Darshana
Kapil
Eliminate
physical and
mental pains and
receive
liberations
Duality (dvaita), Dvetvada, Prakiṛti
(cetana) and Purusha (acetana);
Twenty
fi
ve elements (Purusa,
Prakrti, Mahat, Ahamkara, Manas,
Jnanendriyas, Karmendiryias,
Tanmatras e Mahabhutas);
Prakriti (Sattva, Rajas and Tamas)
Creation and evolution of
universe; development of
indriyas from
pancamahabhutas
Pratyaksha, Anumana,
Aptopadesha
Vedanta
Darshana
(Uttar
Mimansa)
Vyas
Explains the
devine nature of
soul, maya and
creation
Ektvada (Brahma); Non dualistic;
Just Brahma is true;
Metaphysical thought of
Ayurveda; Resemblance in
some concepts
Mimansa
Darshana
(Purva
Mimansa)
Jaimini
Explains vedas
are external and
devine
Tretvada (Adhrishyati, Purusha,
Prakriti); Believe in Vedas but not in
God; Karma
Karmakanda methodology;
Mantras, Talisman,
Aushadhi with gems
(Mani), Mangala, Uphara,
obeisance to the God;
Mantras and diseases of
the infants
Pratyaksha, Anumana,
Aptopadesha,
Upamana, Arthapatti
(presumption),
Anupalabdhi (deprivation)
** Kumarali Bhatt **

2. NASTIKA DARSHANS
Darshana Author Basic Concepts Feature Correlated with Ayurveda Pramana Padartha
Jaina
Darshana
Swami
Mahavira
The universe is running
continuously since
in
fi
nite time and will
remain upto in
fi
nite time
Karmas (good actions) and
non-violence; Nirvana
(libertation)
Karma; Nirvana or Moksha
Pratyaksha (eyes),
Anumana (inference)
Bauddha
Darshana
Lord
Buddha
The main cause of
su
ff
ering is ignorance.
Repeated ignorance is
the vicious circle of life,
which is broken with
knowledge.
The universe is governed by
the nature; Enlightened people,
enlighten other people; You
can obtain Nirvana (liberation)
by following the rules
Svabhāvoparama vāda
(factor causing the
manifestation of being, but
none for annihilation);
Nirvana ou Moksha
Pratyaksha,
Anumana
Carvak
Darshana
Risi
Carvaka
Materialistic philosophy
Don't belive in God and Soul;
Belive in consciousness;
Pleasure in this life is unique
the goal to the man
Focus on the physical
body
Pratyaksha