Sankhya Darshana, authored by Kapila Maharshi, explores knowledge and the attainment of moksha through understanding the 25 tatwas of the universe. It emphasizes the importance of three pramanas for acquiring complete knowledge and discusses various types of dukkha that hinder moksha. The text comprises 6 chapters with 527 sutras, and shares foundational theories with Ayurveda, including satkarya vaada and parinama vaada.

2. The author of this Darshana is ‘Kapila Maharshi’
Sankhya means knowledge – It describes how the
Purusha gets Moksha with the help of complete
knowledge of Moola Prakruti and Paramatma. Hence
it is named as Sankhya Darshana,
Sankhya means number – As the 25 Tatwas of the
universe were first mentioned in this Darshana,
because of this 25 numbers, it is called Sankhya
Darshana. The knowledge of the 25 Tatwas is called
as ‘Tatwa Jnana’. The person who gets the complete
knowledge of these Tatwas is eligible for attaining
the Moksha.

3. The Sankhya Darshana is divided into 6 chapters in 527
Sutras.
Vijnanabhikshu was the Vartika Karta (critical views
and notes) and
Gaudapada was the Bhashya Karta (commentator) of
Sankhya Darshana.
According to Sankhya Darshana, a person gets Moksha
when he is devoid of ‘Dukkha Traya’ viz.
Adhyatmika Dukkha (Physical either genetic,
congenital or Doshic imbalance).
Adibhautika Dukkha (external or internal trauma)
and
Adidaivika Dukha (Due to act of God, seasonal
variations, Infectious diseases, Natural calamities).

4. Sankhya Darshana postulated the ‘Satkarya Vaada’,
it means without Kaarana there is no Karya. Karya is
Anurupa or transformation of Kaarana. Existance of
Karya in Karana before its manifestation is called
Satkarya Vaada.
Sankhya Darshana accepted the three Pramanas, i.e.
Pratyaksha, Anumana and Shabda Pramana
(Aptopadesha).
They said that with the help of the above 3 Pramanas
a person can get complete knowledge of Prameya
(the object).

5. Pramanas :- Sankhya Darshana accepts and describes
3 Pramanas i.e. Pratyaksha, Anumana and Shabda,
which are the means to acquire complete, relevant
knowledge of an object. Charaka states that a disease
can be diagnosed with the help of these 3 Pramanas.
Prayojana Samyata:- Sankhya Darshana describes
Trividha Dukkha (Adhyatmika, Adidaivika,
Adibhautika). The main purpose of Sankhya Darshana
is to attain Moksha. Ayurveda classifies the diseases
into three types viz. (Adhyatmika, Adibhautika and
adidaivika diseases). Ayurveda states that by relieving
from the three types of diseases, one can attain
Moksha.

6. Tatwa Samyata (equality of Tatwa):- 25 (Sankhya)
and 24 (Ayurveda) Basic components for evolution are
identical both in Ayurveda and Sankhya Darshana. In
Sankhya Darshan 25 Tatwas are described, while in
Ayurveda 24 Tatwas are described. In Ayurveda the
Purusha Tatwa was included in Prakruti Tatwa and
thus mentioned as 24 Tatwas.
Purusha Vivechana:- Purusha was differentiated in
Ayurveda, as well as in Sankhya Darshana. Sushruta
stated that ‘Bahuvasthu Purusha’ (Purusha are
innumerable) while in Sankhya Darshana ‘Purusham
Bahutwam Siddham’.

7. Parinama Vaada:- The Parinama Vada (theory of
transformation) of evolution is identical both in
Ayurveda and Sankhya Darshana. The 23 Tatwas are
the transformation of Prakruti Tatwa. In Ayurveda it is
stated that the Rasa, Rakta, etc. Dhatus are transformed
from each Dhatu.
Satkaarya Vaada:- Ayurveda adopted the theory of
Satkarya Vaada from Sankhya Darshana. ‘Satkarya Vaada’
means, Karya is Anurupa of Kaarana, without the
existence of Kaarya in Kaarana, that particular Kaarya
cannot be manifested.

8. Ex:- Tila Taila (Karya) exists in Tila (Karana), hence the
Tila Taila is produced from the Tilas. In the same way the
Ghata (pot) is produced from Mruttika (clay).
Both Ayurveda and Sankhya state that Sat is produced
from Sat.
In Ayurveda also it is stated that Jwara is manifested from
Jwara Nidana only. In the same way all the diseases are
manifested from their respective Nidana only.
Description of Trigunas:- Satwa, Raja, Tamo Gunas (the
Trigunas) which are also described in Ayurveda are
identical to Sankhya Darshana.

9. Sankhya Darshana
Sankhya means Number, Knowledge
Upadeshta Maharshi Kapila
Vartika Karta Vijnana Bhikshu
Bhashya Karta Gaudapada
No. of chapters & Shlokas 6 chapters & 527 Sutras
Postulated the theories Satkarya Vaada, Parinama Vaada
Pramanas 3 - Pratyaksha, Anumana and
Shabda Pramana.
Tatwas 25

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