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This document summarizes the development of poetry and drama in ancient Greece. It discusses how Homer and Pindar wrote poetry that honored heroes and their virtues. It then explains how poetry evolved into drama, with Thespis being the first to speak solo lines in plays. The document outlines how Greek tragedies, written by playwrights like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, depicted humanity's dignity in the face of trouble and fate. Finally, it provides details about the playwright Sophocles, considered one of the greatest tragedians, and praised for his characterization, language, and sense of proportion in his works.
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Beowulf is an Old English epic poem from the 6th-8th centuries AD that follows the hero Beowulf and his battles against supernatural monsters. It is considered the oldest surviving epic poem in English and provides insights into early Anglo-Saxon culture, particularly their admiration of heroism, bravery, and loyalty. The poem uses conventions of the epic genre such as invoking a muse, beginning in medias res, cataloging warriors and equipment, and including speeches by heroic figures.
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For more Slide share presentations and assignments, please visit @ http://trivedihezal17913.blogspot.in/
'Of Dramatick Poesie, An Essay' - John Dryden(1631-1700)
Dryden wrote an essay in defense of French plays. In it, he favors both ancient and modern theater. He defends the use of plays and debates the merits of French and English drama. While acknowledging strengths of French plays, he argues they are too small in scope and that English plays more fully depict human nature.
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The document discusses the debate between those who defend ancient Greek and Roman playwrights and those who defend modern English playwrights. It outlines the three classical unities that ancient plays followed - unity of time, place, and action - and how modern English plays often violate these unities, covering long periods of time, multiple locations, and containing sub-plots. It also notes how the ancients focused on a single, complete action in their plays and represented human passions to both delight and instruct audiences.
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Epic Poem/Epic Hero Introduction
Beowulf is an Old English epic poem from the 6th-8th centuries AD that follows the hero Beowulf and his battles against supernatural monsters. It is considered the oldest surviving epic poem in English and provides insights into early Anglo-Saxon culture, particularly their admiration of heroism, bravery, and loyalty. The poem uses conventions of the epic genre such as invoking a muse, beginning in medias res, cataloging warriors and equipment, and including speeches by heroic figures.
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The document defines an epic poem as a long, serious poetic narrative about a significant event, often featuring a hero. Epics traditionally were memorized and helped preserve cultural history, and later were written down. Examples include the Iliad, Odyssey, Beowulf, and Gilgamesh. The document then lists the 10 greatest epic poems, including the Aeneid, Don Juan, Paradise Lost, Divine Comedy, and Mahabharata. It ranks the Iliad as the greatest epic poem.
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Dryden compares French and English plays, discussing the differing views of Lisideius and Neander. Lisideius favors French plays for following rules like the unities of time, place and action, using well-known stories, and having poetic justice. However, Neander argues that English plays are superior as they reject such rigid rules, tell stories as they are, include sub-plots and multiple characters, and provide more entertainment and a "lively imitation of nature".
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Dryden wrote an essay in defense of French plays. In it, he favors both ancient and modern theater. He defends the use of plays and debates the merits of French and English drama. While acknowledging strengths of French plays, he argues they are too small in scope and that English plays more fully depict human nature.
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This document defines an epic as a long narrative poem about the adventures of a legendary hero that reflects the values of their culture. It describes common elements of epics such as an epic hero who embodies courage and virtue and goes on a long, dangerous quest where they perform valorous deeds and receive divine intervention to aid great historical or mythological events. Examples of folk epics composed through oral tradition include Beowulf and Gilgamesh, while later literary epics were written by individual authors like Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. Epics also share certain conventions in their characteristics and structure.
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The document discusses the debate between those who defend ancient Greek and Roman playwrights and those who defend modern English playwrights. It outlines the three classical unities that ancient plays followed - unity of time, place, and action - and how modern English plays often violate these unities, covering long periods of time, multiple locations, and containing sub-plots. It also notes how the ancients focused on a single, complete action in their plays and represented human passions to both delight and instruct audiences.
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This document summarizes John Dryden's essay "An Essay on Dramatic Poesy" which debates the merits of English versus French drama. In the essay, Dryden has four characters - Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, and Neander - represent different perspectives in a debate. Lisideius favors French drama for its adherence to the classical unities of time, place and action, while Neander argues that English drama, though it violates the unities, is superior for its "lively imitation of nature." The document also briefly mentions some famous French dramatists like Corneille and reviews Dryden's overall assessment that English drama is more interesting because of its ability to represent life, unlike French
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Dryden defended the violation of the three unities of drama - time, place, and action - in English plays. He believed that disregarding these unities gave English plays copiousness, variety, and made them more true to human nature compared to rigid French plays. Dryden argued that plays like Shakespeare's were closer to real human life despite ignoring the unities, and that observing the unities depended on the skill and genius of the writer. He concluded that if better fulfilling the ends of drama required violating the unities, then there was no harm in doing so.
John dryden
John Dryden was an influential English poet and critic in the late 17th century. He considered the primary function of poetry to be providing delight to readers, with instruction as a secondary purpose. Dryden believed tragedies should inspire emotions like pity and fear in audiences. He argued the strict rules of unity of time and place constrained playwrights creatively and did not allow plots to fully develop. Dryden is regarded as the father of English literary criticism due to the wide scope of his criticism and for establishing principles to evaluate creative works.
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This document provides biographical information about John Dryden and analyzes his work as a literary critic. It notes that Dryden was an influential English poet, playwright, and critic in the late 17th century. As a critic, he wrote an influential essay titled "Of Dramatic Poesy" in 1668 where he discussed issues like the ancients vs moderns debate, differences between English and French drama, and appropriate use of rhyme in plays. The document examines Dryden's critical perspectives in this work that favored modern English plays over ancient works and identified strengths of English drama over French drama.
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John Dryden was an influential English poet and playwright during the Restoration period. In his work "Essay of Dramatic Poesy", Dryden explores different viewpoints on dramatic theory through a dialogue between four men on a boat ride. They debate the relative merits of ancient Greek and French drama versus contemporary English drama. While some argue for strict adherence to classical rules like the three unities, others believe English drama is more lively and exciting through its use of subplots and variety. Dryden ultimately seems to favor the English approach through his character Neander.
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This document compares and contrasts the dramatic styles of French and English plays according to John Dryden. It notes several key differences:
- French plays strictly observe the classical unities of time, place and action, keeping the drama focused on a single location and storyline over a short period of time. English plays sometimes have subplots and multiple storylines occurring in different places that can confuse the audience.
- French plays devote attention to developing a single main character, while other characters are secondary. English plays sometimes have multiple important characters.
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Dryden was the first practitioner of comparison and analysis in the history of criticism. And therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that English criticism evolved from Dryden.
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Four characters in Dryden's essay of dramatic poesy
Dryden's Essay on Dramatic Poesy features a debate between four friends - Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, and Neander - on issues of English versus ancient drama, the unities, French versus English drama, separating tragedy and comedy, and the use of rhyme. Crites favors the ancients and their use of blank verse, while Eugenius favors the moderns. Lisideius prefers French drama for its adherence to separating genres, and Neander favors English drama for embracing subplots and action over French drama's narrow focus.
Comment upon Dryden's definition of the play
John Dryden was an influential 17th century English poet and playwright. In his work "An Essay on Dramatic Poesy", he presents his definition of a play as having three key elements: 1) It should provide a "just and lively image of human nature", accurately representing human passions and behaviors. 2) It should depict "the change of fortune to which [human nature] is subject". 3) It should provide "delight and instruction of mankind". Dryden believed a play should be a realistic imitation of life that both entertains and teaches audiences about human nature.
The Eagle and Other Poems
The document contains four poems by different poets. It summarizes the themes of the poems as follows:
The first poem by William Wordsworth expresses his lifelong love of nature. The second by Alfred Tennyson describes the power and freedom of an eagle. The third by William H. Davies teaches that true happiness comes from within, not from external conditions. The last poem by Langston Hughes stresses the importance of holding on to one's dreams to give life meaning.
Paper 3 Literary Theory & Criticism
This document summarizes John Dryden's essay "An Essay of Dramatic Poesy" from 1667. In the essay, Dryden discusses the relative merits of ancient Greek and Latin drama, contemporary French neoclassical drama, and English drama from the time of Shakespeare. One of the characters in the essay, Eugenius, argues that modern drama is superior to ancient drama. The document provides background on Dryden and his essay, and was presented as part of a university course on literary theory and criticism.
Dryden's view on drama
John Dryden was a 17th century English poet, dramatist, literary critic, and translator. In his most important prose work from 1668 called "Of Dramatic Poesy", Dryden defined drama as "a just and lively image of human nature, representing its passions and humors and the change of fortune to which it is subject, for the delight and instruction of mankind." He argued that rhyme is not suitable for serious plays as it is unnatural and does not show originality, while blank verse is nearer to prose and allows the dramatist to more naturally express the passions of human nature. Dryden believed blank verse was the best form for tragedy according to Aristotle's principles that it should be closer to prose
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The document provides definitions and examples of various literary terms and devices including poetry, free verse, personification, metaphor, symbol, and onomatopoeia. It also summarizes biographical details about poets Langston Hughes and Gwendolyn Brooks. Additionally, it discusses the narrative poem "Charge of the Light Brigade" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson and analyzes two poems, "Mother to Son" and "Speech to the Young," that encourage perseverance.
An Essay of Dramatic Poesy -John dryden
The document summarizes John Dryden's essay "An Essay of Dramatic Poesy". The essay is structured as a dialogue between four friends - Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, and Neander - discussing theories of drama. Crites argues that Greek/Roman literature should be the model and praised the ancients' adherence to the three unities. Eugenius agrees with imitating the ancients but thinks English dramatists have improved on them. Lisideius claims French dramatists are now better than the English due to their simpler plots. However, Neander disagrees, defending English dramatists' use of subplots and mixing of comedy and tragedy.
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John Dryden has given good criticism for dramatic poesy. Here in this presentation, I've put introduction of the original essay and Dryden's definition of play.
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Epic poetry is a long narrative form that recounts heroic deeds and culturally significant events. Some of the earliest and most important epic poems include the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh, Homer's Iliad and Odyssey from Ancient Greece, and Virgil's Aeneid from Ancient Rome. Epics were originally an oral tradition and told grand stories using elevated language. They featured superhuman heroes representing a culture's ideals and involved gods or supernatural events. Characteristics of the form include an omniscient narrator, ample settings and scales, and themes of national or cosmic importance.
French VS English
This document summarizes John Dryden's essay "An Essay on Dramatic Poesy" which debates the merits of English versus French drama. In the essay, Dryden has four characters - Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, and Neander - represent different perspectives in a debate. Lisideius favors French drama for its adherence to the classical unities of time, place and action, while Neander argues that English drama, though it violates the unities, is superior for its "lively imitation of nature." The document also briefly mentions some famous French dramatists like Corneille and reviews Dryden's overall assessment that English drama is more interesting because of its ability to represent life, unlike French
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This document summarizes John Dryden's views on ancient vs modern tragedy in his work An Essay of Dramatic Poesy. It discusses several key points of debate between the ancients and moderns regarding dramatic rules and styles. Dryden himself preferred the more natural English drama over rigid French tragedy, though he respected the ancients. He felt Shakespeare best captured life's truths while Johnson combined scope and classicism, but both surpassed other traditions.
John Dryden's vi8ew on Three Unities
Dryden defended the violation of the three unities of drama - time, place, and action - in English plays. He believed that disregarding these unities gave English plays copiousness, variety, and made them more true to human nature compared to rigid French plays. Dryden argued that plays like Shakespeare's were closer to real human life despite ignoring the unities, and that observing the unities depended on the skill and genius of the writer. He concluded that if better fulfilling the ends of drama required violating the unities, then there was no harm in doing so.
John dryden
John Dryden was an influential English poet and critic in the late 17th century. He considered the primary function of poetry to be providing delight to readers, with instruction as a secondary purpose. Dryden believed tragedies should inspire emotions like pity and fear in audiences. He argued the strict rules of unity of time and place constrained playwrights creatively and did not allow plots to fully develop. Dryden is regarded as the father of English literary criticism due to the wide scope of his criticism and for establishing principles to evaluate creative works.
Paper-3 presentation
This document provides biographical information about John Dryden and analyzes his work as a literary critic. It notes that Dryden was an influential English poet, playwright, and critic in the late 17th century. As a critic, he wrote an influential essay titled "Of Dramatic Poesy" in 1668 where he discussed issues like the ancients vs moderns debate, differences between English and French drama, and appropriate use of rhyme in plays. The document examines Dryden's critical perspectives in this work that favored modern English plays over ancient works and identified strengths of English drama over French drama.
John Dryden, Essay for Drammatic Poesy
John Dryden was an influential English poet and playwright during the Restoration period. In his work "Essay of Dramatic Poesy", Dryden explores different viewpoints on dramatic theory through a dialogue between four men on a boat ride. They debate the relative merits of ancient Greek and French drama versus contemporary English drama. While some argue for strict adherence to classical rules like the three unities, others believe English drama is more lively and exciting through its use of subplots and variety. Dryden ultimately seems to favor the English approach through his character Neander.
Dramatic poesy- French vs English
This document compares and contrasts the dramatic styles of French and English plays according to John Dryden. It notes several key differences:
- French plays strictly observe the classical unities of time, place and action, keeping the drama focused on a single location and storyline over a short period of time. English plays sometimes have subplots and multiple storylines occurring in different places that can confuse the audience.
- French plays devote attention to developing a single main character, while other characters are secondary. English plays sometimes have multiple important characters.
- The French are said to modify historical stories artfully through fiction, while still teaching lessons, whereas English dramatists may distort history more for dramatic purposes.
- In general
John Dryden as a Critic
Dryden was the first practitioner of comparison and analysis in the history of criticism. And therefore, it is not an exaggeration to say that English criticism evolved from Dryden.
John Dryden as a critic
John Dryden was an influential English poet, playwright and critic in the 17th century. As a critic, he wrote An Essay of Dramatic Poesy in 1668 to discuss issues in English drama. In the essay, Dryden argues through a dialogue between four characters with different positions on topics like the ancients vs moderns, the unities, French vs English drama, and the appropriateness of rhyme in plays. Though he favors modern English plays, Dryden does not disparage the ancients. He also favors English drama over French drama and compares Shakespeare favorably to Jonson.
Dryden’s views on tragicomedy
John Dryden defines tragicomedy as a genre that blends aspects of tragedy and comedy. He argues in favor of tragicomedy, stating that contrasting comic and tragic scenes provides relief for audiences similar to music. Dryden also believes tragicomedy accurately depicts the mixture of happiness and sorrow in real life. He argues the English have developed a new form of writing, tragicomedy, that would have been revised by Aristotle had the Greeks possessed it.
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Four characters in Dryden's essay of dramatic poesy
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The document provides background information on Homer's epic poem "The Iliad". It discusses the epic form, including conventions like invoking the muses, beginning the story in medias res, using stock epithets and formulaic language, and including long formal speeches. It summarizes the events that led to the Trojan War, focusing on the role of Achilles and the consequences of his rage, which is the central theme of the poem. Key elements like foreshadowing and analyzing confusing language are also discussed.
Greek Mythology
This document provides an overview of Greek mythology and literature. It explains that ancient Greeks believed in polytheistic mythology to explain natural events and the actions of gods like Zeus, Poseidon, and Hephaestus. It describes heroes from mythology like Theseus and Hercules. It also summarizes two major works of literature by Homer, the Iliad and Odyssey, and the lyric poetry of Sappho. The document concludes by noting the ongoing influence of Greek mythology and language on modern culture.
Roman tragedy
Horace's Ars Poetica provides advice to poets on writing poetry and drama. It discusses important literary concepts like starting stories "in media res" or "ab ovo". It recommends consistency in tone, subject matter, and character traits. Horace also gives guidance on plot, characterization, and style for drama. He discusses the development of drama in Greece and its early Roman playwrights like Livius Andronicus, Plautus, and Terence.
Roman tragedy
Horace's Ars Poetica provides advice to poets on writing poetry and drama. It discusses important literary concepts like starting stories "in media res" or "ab ovo". It recommends consistency in tone and subject matter. For drama, it emphasizes consistent plot, believable characters, and appropriate style for different moods. The poem aims to instruct poets on crafting their art in an effective manner.
Presentation for english 4 ancient greek literature
The document summarizes key aspects of ancient Greek literature from the earliest texts until the rise of the Byzantine Empire. It discusses the major genres including epics by Homer, lyric poetry such as that of Sappho, and the three main types of drama - tragedy, comedy, and satyr plays. It provides details on important playwrights such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides and describes some of their most famous works. The document also briefly mentions some of the major historians and philosophers of ancient Greece.
Greek tragedy
1. The document provides background information on Greek tragedy, including its origins in religious ceremonies and structure, which involved alternating episodes and choral odes.
2. It discusses key playwrights like Aeschylus and Sophocles, noting Sophocles focused on the human world rather than divine themes. His plays featured a protagonist struggling against fate.
3. The document also summarizes the classic Greek myth of Oedipus and his family that Sophocles explored in several of his surviving plays.
Theater
Theater has evolved significantly throughout history. Ancient Greek theaters featured amphitheaters built into hillsides with semicircular seating for audiences and a central orchestra area for actors and choruses. Notable playwrights included Sophocles, Aristophanes, and Euripides who wrote tragedies and comedies. Pagan theater was communal while Christian theater focused on individual actors on an indoor stage. Shakespeare revolutionized English theater in the 16th century. Modern innovators like Brecht challenged conventions by directly involving audiences in political dramas through techniques like slogans and unconventional staging.
Dryden's Essay On Dramatic Poesy
This document summarizes John Dryden's essay "Essay of Dramatic Poesy" from 1668. In the essay, Dryden has four characters - Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, and Neander - debate five issues of dramatic poetry: ancients vs moderns, unities, French vs English drama, separation of tragedy and comedy, and the appropriateness of rhyme. Each character takes a position on the debates, with Eugenius favoring moderns, Crites favoring ancients, Lisideius favoring French drama, and Neander favoring English drama. Dryden also provides definitions of drama and compares attributes of French and English plays.
Criticism
1. The document summarizes various periods and theorists of literary criticism from Classical Greek to Modern criticism. It covers major critics like Plato, Aristotle, Sidney, Dryden, Pope, Johnson, Arnold, Eliot and theories like mimesis, poetic inspiration, the functions of poetry, unities of time and place, and romantic ideas of poetry.
2. Plato is discussed in depth for his views on poetry in works like The Republic, where he attacks poetry and advocates banning poets from his ideal city. His ideas on mimesis and poetic inspiration are also summarized.
3. The document then moves chronologically through periods of Latin, Medieval, Renaissance, Neoclassical, Enlightenment and
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Classification of Literature by Dr.Jeanneath D. Velarde
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Presentation for english 4 ancient greek literature
Presentation for english 4 ancient greek literature
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Blending Steps
The document provides instructions for blending words by identifying the vowel sound, blending the letters from the beginning to the end of the word, and saying the word fast. It emphasizes identifying the vowel as the key to correctly blending words. It then provides examples of words to practice blending, such as "axle", "baffle", and "democrat".
What is a hero?
A hero is someone who is brave, loves their family, and enjoys a challenge. They work hard, do well in school, and are patriotic. Heroes are also informed, dreamers who are not weary or faint in pursuing their goals and defending freedom.
Voice
The document discusses voice in writing and describes a game to practice identifying voice. Players must name a speaker, give a reason for identifying that speaker, and provide an adjective to describe the voice. A practice round is provided where the speaker is Bugs Bunny, he is identified as stuttering when he talks, and his voice is described as questioning. The game then prompts the first two teams to name a speaker from given choices, explain how they knew, and give a descriptive adjective for the voice.
Racing the Sun booktalk
The document discusses the Navajo Nation, both historically and currently. It likely provides background on the Navajo people and their homeland, as well as how their society and culture has developed over time from past to present. The title "Racing the Sun" may refer to a cultural practice or story within Navajo traditions.
Poetry
This document contains excerpts from several poems and quotes about poetry. It includes snippets from Emily Dickinson's poems "I'm Nobody! Who are you?" and "This is my letter to the world," as well as Shakespeare's Sonnet XVIII and Gwendolyn Brooks' poem "We Real Cool." The document also contains brief quotes about poetry from Samuel Taylor Coleridge and John F. Kennedy emphasizing poetry's ability to express human knowledge and passions and cleanse corruption.
Newspaper
The document outlines key elements of a good newspaper article, including being informative, interesting, and truthful. It should provide information about people, places, and events. An article needs to be relevant to readers and engage them to learn more. Pictures can enhance a story when they help illustrate important details. Proper editing is essential to catch spelling errors or formatting issues before publication.
Literary elements
This document outlines the basic literary elements that make up a good story, including characters (like protagonists and antagonists), conflict (man vs. man, nature, society, self or machine), setting, foreshadowing, climax, and point of view. It emphasizes that great stories incorporate all of these elements to engage readers.
Creation of an Ancient Newspaper
The document provides guidance for students to create an ancient newspaper by selecting a civilization and including sections on ideas the civilization came up with related to government, architecture, art, war, and lifestyle. It prompts the students to consider ideas from Roman government like the Senate, Republic, and Consuls, examples of Roman architecture and art they may have seen, aspects of Roman warfare, and what life was like for the average Roman citizen regarding family, religion, recreation, slaves, fashion, and love.
Conducing Research
This document provides guidance on conducting research on the internet. It outlines various methods for finding information online, such as visiting specific websites, using search engines, exploring subject directories, and searching databases. It also offers tips for formulating effective search queries, dealing with too many or too few results, and keeping track of research sources and methods. The key steps involve identifying concepts and keywords, using Boolean logic and synonyms, trying different search tools and terms, and documenting the who, how, where, what, why and when of the research process.
Statue of libery
The Statue of Liberty was unveiled in 1886 in New York Harbor on Ellis Island. It was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland on October 28, 1886. The statue is a symbol of freedom that greets thousands of immigrants and visitors entering New York Bay and the United States. Standing 151 feet tall on a pedestal, the Statue of Liberty depicts a woman holding a torch and tablet with July 4, 1776 engraved on it, representing liberty and American independence.
President template
George W. Bush served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2000 to 2004, during which time he faced a controversial election against Al Gore and led the nation in responding to the terrorist attacks of 9/11 by starting a war on terrorism as Commander-in-Chief. Some of the notable events during his presidency included the first tax surplus in 40 years, ongoing Arab-Israeli conflicts, and terrorist attacks in New York and Washington D.C.
Mlking
This document provides a timeline and overview of key events in the life and work of Martin Luther King Jr. and the American Civil Rights Movement. It notes King's birth and education, his leadership of the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956, publication of his book in 1958, receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, his "I Have a Dream" speech at the 1963 March on Washington, and assassination in 1968. The document also references other important figures like Rosa Parks and events like the Selma to Montgomery marches, emphasizing themes of nonviolence, faith, persistence, and the vision that one day all people will overcome challenges and live as equals in peace.
Humanity
A newborn baby's first cry, no matter where in the world, has the same pitch and tone, expressing that the baby has arrived, belongs, and is part of the greater human family.
Historical person
James Madison was an American statesman, diplomat and political theorist who served as the fourth President of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He played a pivotal role in drafting and promoting the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights. Madison grew up in Virginia and received his education at the College of New Jersey. He made significant contributions to the Constitutional Convention as a delegate from Virginia, proposing the Virginia Plan and keeping a journal of the proceedings. As President, Madison declared war on Britain in 1812 and led the nation during the War of 1812.
History millionaire
The document contains a series of multiple choice questions about vocabulary terms and events from the American Revolutionary War. It tests knowledge on topics like inflation, neutrality, guerrilla warfare, the advantages and disadvantages of the British vs. colonists, key battles, leaders, documents, and the Declaration of Independence.
Gov jeopardy
This document contains questions and answers about the US Constitution, government, Bill of Rights, and First Amendment. It seems to be a study guide of some sort testing knowledge of key facts and concepts related to these topics, with questions ranging in value from $100 to $500. Multiple choice answers are provided for questions about the branches of government, rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights, and freedoms covered by the First Amendment.
Free at last
This document discusses the history of African Americans from slavery through the Civil War. It begins in 1501 with African slaves in the New World and then discusses the American Civil War from 1861-1865, a pivotal period in the struggle for civil rights. The document appears to provide a historical overview of the African American experience from slavery through the Civil War.
Antarctica
Captain Cook was unable to penetrate the ice ring around Antarctica in 1773. Exploration increased in the early 19th century by sealers and whalers. In 1911, Roald Amundsen became the first person to reach the South Pole, beating Robert Scott's expedition after using dogs and eating them for food. Sir Ernest Shackleton's ship was trapped in ice in 1915. The Antarctic Treaty was established in 1959 to designate Antarctica as a scientific preserve and to ban military activity on the continent.
Countries sample
Brazil is located in South America and has a population that includes descendants of Portuguese, Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans. Its major cities include the capital Brasilia as well as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belém. Brazil has a diverse geography that includes the Amazon River basin, coastline on the Atlantic Ocean, and ecosystems ranging from rainforests to grasslands. After being claimed by Portugal in 1500 and gaining independence in 1822, Brazil transitioned to a republic in 1889 and a period of military rule ended in 1985.
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Pacific rim
- 2. Poetry • Homer featured people trying to live up to standards of courage and honor. • Pindar wrote poems that honored sports heroes. • Sappho wrote of friendship and love.
- 3. Drama • Poems evolved to songs and finally to drama when Thespis broke away and spoke lines on his own. Plays were a big deal to the Athenians. Even prisoners were let out to attend on opening day.
- 4. Tragedies • The Greek tragedies were plays that showed dignity in the face of trouble. • They also showed how noble people could be. • The Universe was ruled by fate and destiny in these plays. • People who were too stubborn or proud would be punished by destiny. Aeshylus, Sophocles, and Euriopides wrote some of the great tragedies.
- 5. SophocleS • SophocleS iS conSidered one of the greateSt tragic playwrightS. • he iS famouS for hiS characterizatio n, graceful language, and SenSe of calm and proportion. • he waS an american educator who waS a profeSSor of ancient, Byzantine, and modern greek at harvard univerSity. thiS Scholar'S greateSt work waS the greek lexicon of the roman and Byzantine periodS, puBliShed