Early settlers began farming along the Nile river in Egypt around 7000 BC. Egyptians started using hieroglyphic writing around 3100 BC to record important information. The largest pyramid at Giza, built for Pharaoh Khufu between 2600-2500 BC, stands 147 meters tall and weighs around 6.5 million tonnes. Tutankhamun ruled Egypt for 9 years until 1327 BC and his tomb was discovered in 1922 by Howard Carter. Ramses II ruled for 66 years from 1279-1213 BC, building many temples and statues as a great military leader.

2. Early settlers. People began to settle in the Nile valley in
about 7000 BC. They farmed the land, kept animals, and
built homes on the banks of the Nile.
'Ginger', a Predynastic Egyptian
They say he was from Gebelein, Egypt.
Late Predynastic period, around 3400 BC

3. Egyptians started to use hieroglyphic script about
3100 BC. They recorded important information.

4. Pyramids of Giza. They were built between 2600 and 2500 BC.
The largest of the three pyramids was built for the pharaoh
Khufu (called Cheops by the Greek). It stands 147 metres high
and its weight is about 6,500,000 tonnes.

5. Tutankhamun was a pharaoh who ruled ancient Egypt
for only nine years (from around 1336 BC to 1327 BC).
In 1922, an English archaeologist named Howard Carter
discovered Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the
Kings.

6. Ramses II was a pharaoh
who ruled ancient Egypt
for 66 years from 1279 BC
to 1213 BC. Ramses II
had many temples and
statues of himself around
Egypt, and is known for
being a great military
leader.

7. Alexander the Great (352-323 BC) came from
Macedonia. In 332 BC Alexander conquered Egypt.
He founded the city of Alexandria on the
Mediterranean coast. In 323 BC he died of a fever.

8. Rosetta Stone
In 196 BC this stone was carved
with an agreement between a
group of priests and the Egyptian
government. It was written in
three different scripts:
hieroglyphic, demotic and ancient
Greek.
This stone was found in 1799 AD
by one of Napoleon's soldiers
working in the town of Rosetta
(Rashid)

9. Beginning of the
English translation:
In the reign of the
young one who has
succeeded his father
in the kingship, lord
of diadems, most
glorious, who has
established Egypt
and is pious towards
the gods, triumphant
over his enemies,
who has restored the
civilized life of men...

10. Cleopatra VII is one of the
most famous queens of
Egypt. Cleopatra spoke
many languages including
Egyptian (Greek was the
official language of the
government in Egypt during
the Ptolemaic period).
Cleopatra is also well-known
for her love affairs with Julius
Caesar and Mark Antony.
She died in 30 BC.

11. Now, listen again to the presentation (or read it) and
do the activities your teacher proposes.