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ancient-egypt
- 1. The Nile Valley Egypt’s Old Kingdom The Egyptian Empire The Civilization of Kush
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- 3. The Nile RiverValley Egyptians relied on it for drinking water, irrigation, cooking, cleaning, transportation, fish… 4,000 miles – The World’s Longest River! Large ships can only travel on the last 650 miles because of crazy rapids called cataracts
- 4. Geography Deserts West of the Nile is the Saharan Desert East of the Nile is the Eastern Desert Protection Deserts, the marsh land of the delta & cataracts provided Ancient Egypt with natural barriers to fend off enemies! Waterways The Nile, the Mediterranean, & the Red Sea
- 5. The River People Regular flooding means less worrying about crops! Floods left behind fertile mud that looked black Kemet = Black Land Irrigation meant healthy crops of wheat, barley, & flax seed
- 7. Papyrus Made from a reed plant Used to make baskets, sandals, river rafts, paper
- 8. Hieroglyphics Complex writing system; had picture & sound symbols
- 9. Cartouche Project Cartouche Project: Print out the blank cartouche and make a copy for each student. Have the students take the cartouche home and make the paper look old. They could do this several ways (the best is to place the cartouche paper in a deep pan, pour coffee or dark tea over it, then bake it in the oven for a few minutes). Have the students bring the cartouche back to class and then they can write their name on it in hieroglyphics. They can also add some Egyptian pictures and color it with earth tones.
- 10. Monday, September 19,2011 Today, I will learn about when Egypt united under one ruler. I will learn about dynasties, the social class structure of Ancient Egypt, and Egyptian life.
- 11. Upper & LowerEgypt Villages grew into kingdoms Strong kingdoms took over weak kingdoms. Eventually, there were 2 large kingdoms: Lower Egypt – the Nile delta Upper Egypt – upriver; to the south Their names may seem backwards…but it’s called “Upper” and “Lower” because of their elevation…not because they are North or South.
- 12. Wait…Upper Egypt issouth & Lower Egypt is North?! Upper Egypt- is higher in elevation Lower Egypt (the river delta is lower in elevation)
- 13. A United Egypt ~ 3100 B.C., Egypt’s 2 major kingdoms were combined into 1…thanks, King Narmer (aka Menes MEE-neez) Capital at that time was in Memphis Narmer’s dynasty lasted long after his death dynasty = a line of rulers from one family Ancient Egypt had 31 dynasties
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- 15. Assignment Section 1Review: On a piece of headed paper: Complete # 1-7 on page 46. Do your BEST work!
- 16. Wednesday, September 21,2011 Today, I will learn that Egypt was ruled by all-powerful pharaohs, that the Egyptians believed in many gods and goddesses & in life after death for the pharaohs. The Egyptians of the Old Kingdom built huge stone pyramids as tombs for their pharaohs.
- 17. Section 1 ReviewAnswers 1. It is a reed plant that was used to make baskets, sandals, river rafts, and paper. 2. Women could own and pass on property, buy & sell goods, make wills, obtain divorces, and take part in religious ceremonies. 3. Farming, Crafts, Trade led to the growth of government in Ancient Egypt. 4. The Nile River valley had natural barriers for protection, enriched soil for farming, & the river and seas for trade. 5. Picture symbols (hieroglyphics) stood for objects, ideas & sounds. 6. It symbolized the unity of Upper & Lower Egypt. 7. Answers will vary.
- 18. Quiz 2-1 TheNile Valley Write the word and the definition for: hieroglyphics, dynasty, papyrus, cataract, delta 1. The Nile River – the longest river in the world – is ____________ miles long. 2. The Egyptians took advantage of the Nile’s yearly spring flooding by becoming successful ___________. 3. After 3100 B.C, Egypt’s government was a __________. 4. A diagram of Egypt’s social classes looks like a _________. 5. Two ways Mesopotamia & Egypt are the same are: _____________ & _______________.
- 19. Friday, September 23,2011 Today, I will continue to learn about Egypt’s Old Kingdom. I will review what we learned on Wednesday about pharaohs & their religion. I will then take notes & read about their beliefs in life after death, the pyramids, and the Great Pyramid in particular.
- 20. Egypt’s Old Kingdom 2600 B.C. – 2300 B.C Egypt grew & became wealthy Built cities Expanded trade Kings set up a strong government
- 21. Pharaohs Powerful ruler, unlimited power Appointed officials to do their work People believed the pharaoh was the son of Re (the sun god)
- 22. Egypt’s Religion Polytheism “many gods or deities” Major gods Re – the sun god Hapi – goddess of the Nile Isis – represented loyal wife & mother; Osiris’s wife; goddess of the dead Osiris – Isis’s husband; god of the dead
- 23. Life after Death The Book of the Dead – collection of spells & prayers that Egyptians studied to obtain life after death Osiris would meet them upon death & they would have to say the spells to have life after death Wanted bodies to be preserved for afterlife (embalmed mummies) Embalming = a process to preserve dead bodies
- 24. The Pyramids Mountain-like tombs for pharaohs Built by slaves & farmers during Nile floods Entrance faced North
- 25. Egyptian Inventions First specialists in medicine 365-day calendar with 12 months Math - numbers based on 10 - fractions - advances in geometry
- 26. The Great Pyramid Built in 2540 B.C Largest & grandest of all the pyramids Built for King Khufu In Giza on the west bank of the Nile
- 27. Tuesday, September 27,2011 Turn in your green folder. Make sure you have all your stuff! Sharpen your pencil (the sharpener is back in action)! Sit quietly and wait for WCMS.
- 28. Tuesday, September 27,2011 Today, I will read about and discuss Ancient Egypt’s Middle & New Kingdom. I will learn about important Egyptian people like Queen Hatshepsut, Akhenaton, Tutankhamen, and Ramses II.
- 29. Jigsaw Reading Each person will read a section. You will have 15minutes. You will have 20 minutes to discuss as a group & take notes on what you all think are the most important things to know about this section. Red – The Middle Kingdom p. 60 Green – The New Kingdom p. 61 Yellow – The Legacies of 2 Pharaohs p.64 Blue – The End of the New Kingdom p.65
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- 31. The Middle Kingdom 2050 B.C.E – 1670 C.E Everything was good: stable, became more rich, and powerful Capital moved from Memphis to Thebes Nobles started fighting for power, got distracted & wham!... the Hyksos attacked & ruled Egypt for 120 years!
- 32. The New Kingdom Lasted from 1550 B.C.E – 1080 C.E Height of Egypt’s glory Ahmose (Egyptian Prince…how dreamy!) drove out the Hyksos Queen Hatshepsut - 1st Woman Pharaoh…sweet! interested in trade (economy), not war (conquests). ruled for 21 years & it was peaceful. Thutmose III – put the focus back on conquest
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- 34. The Legacies of2 Pharaohs Akhenaton – tried to change the religion…wow…that must have REALLY upset a lot of people! He was so focused on his new religion, enemies came and took a bunch of their land! Tutankhamen (his son-in-law) – was 10 when he became king. That’s younger than y’all…yikes! Ruled for 9 years and died mysteriously. King Tut didn’t really do much, but his tomb was discovered un-looted, so all the good stuff was still in there. Cool!
- 35. The End ofthe New Kingdom Pharaohs tried to get Egypt back on its feet. Ramses II did a good job of this. He helped regain lands, rebuilt the empire, built a lot of new temples (they were banks too). Whaaaat?! – He had many wives and more than 100 kids! Here we go again…the Egyptian empire fell because another group had better weapons! Poor Egypt. They didn’t have any iron ore.
- 36. Ohhhh, yeaaah!... Remember how the Assyrians were the 1st empire & they had iron weapons that they had learned to make from the Hittites? You gotta have good weapons to have an empire. Remember how when people start fighting for power, they get so distracted that another group is waiting on the sidelines ready to attack while no one is looking? This happens a lot in history…