P1 M1 connectivity
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Wired connectivity like Ethernet cables connect devices directly using wires. Wireless connectivity like Wi-Fi connects devices wirelessly using a wireless router. Bluetooth provides wireless connectivity over short distances to devices like phones and computers. FireWire was an Apple-developed wired standard comparable to but less successful than USB. USB is a common industry standard defining cables, connectors and protocols for wired device connectivity. 4G LTE is a recent wireless technology used by Apple that transfers data over former analog TV signals.
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9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938) was a South Asian Muslim writer,[1][2] philosopher,[3] scholar and politician,[4] whose poetry in the Urdu language is considered among the greatest of the twentieth century,[5][6][7][8] and whose vision of a cultural and political ideal for the Muslims of British Raj[9] was to animate the impulse for Pakistan.[1][10] He is commonly referred to by the honorific Allama[11] (from Persian: علامہ, romanized: ʿallāma, lit. 'very knowing, most
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Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) refers to the IEEE 802.11 communications standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs). It uses radio technologies like 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g to transmit and receive data wirelessly. The basic components of a Wi-Fi network are access points that connect wireless devices to the internet, Wi-Fi cards in devices, and security measures like firewalls. Wi-Fi networks can operate in different topologies like the infrastructure mode with an access point or in ad-hoc peer-to-peer mode between devices. Wi-Fi provides wireless connectivity for various applications in homes, businesses, corporations, and more.
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This document provides an overview of wireless networking technologies, focusing on Wi-Fi and how Wi-Fi networks work. It describes the key components of a Wi-Fi network including access points, Wi-Fi cards, and security measures. It also outlines different Wi-Fi standards like 802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g and the latest 802.11ac standard. The document discusses advantages such as mobility and convenience as well as limitations like interference and range for Wi-Fi networks.
WIRELES NETWORK
Wireless networks transmit data through electrical waves without the use of wires or cables. They consist of basic components like wireless network cards, access points, routers, and antennas. There are different types of wireless networks including WLANs for local areas, WPANs for personal areas, WMANs for metropolitan areas, and WWANs for wide areas. Wireless network speed and range depend on factors like the technology used, distance between devices, and interference.
Wifi n bt
WiFi uses two radio technologies, DSSS and OFDM, to transmit signals over a spread spectrum to prevent interference. It was developed to provide fast, cable-free communications. There are four WiFi standards - 802.11b, a, g, and n - which provide transmission speeds up to 11, 54, and 100 megabits per second respectively. Most standards operate in the 2.4GHz frequency band while 802.11a uses 5GHz. Newer standards can function on the frequencies of older standards. Bluetooth was also developed for wireless connectivity over short ranges at speeds up to 720 kilobits per second. It operates at 2.4GHz to avoid interference and can connect up to eight
Data transmission and network topologies.html
Data transmission involves the physical transfer of data over communication channels such as wires, fibers, or wireless networks. Common devices used for data transmission include hubs, switches, routers, bridges, proxy servers, and firewalls. Network topologies determine how devices are arranged and include bus, star, ring, and hybrid configurations. Hubs broadcast all data to all connected devices while switches only send data to the targeted device, making switches more secure. Routers connect multiple networks like joining a home network to the internet. [/SUMMARY]
Local area network (1)
The document provides an overview of local area networks (LANs), including common network topologies, components, and wireless LAN standards. It discusses LAN, WAN, CAN, and MAN network types and topologies like star, ring, and bus structures. Components like hubs, switches, routers, and access points are defined. Introduction to TCP/IP protocols includes definitions of IP and TCP. Finally, it covers IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standards including 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g.
Conceptual Design of LiFi Audio Transmission Using Pre-Programmed Modules
We design a concept of Li-fi audio signal transmission by reusing and repurposing pre-programmed modules to simplify and discuss visible light communication (VLC) in other to give a new researcher the idea on how the concept of LiFi and VLC.
somaya akter 1834902142
This document provides an overview of Ethernet including:
1) Ethernet is a wired networking technology that allows devices to communicate over a local area network or wide area network using a common protocol and physical Ethernet cables.
2) Ethernet cables come in different categories to support various Ethernet standards and transmission speeds up to 10 Gigabit Ethernet.
3) Ethernet is commonly used to connect devices like routers, switches and computers to a local network to enable file sharing and internet access.
wireless networks.pptx
This document discusses wireless networks and Wi-Fi technology. It provides details on Bluetooth, how Wi-Fi networks work, and the different IEEE 802.11 standards (b, a, g, ac). It describes elements of a Wi-Fi network like access points and roaming between access points. Advantages are mobility and convenience while limitations include interference and power consumption. The document concludes that Wi-Fi allows high-speed internet without cables and is nearly universal with modern laptops having internal wireless cards.
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Conceptual Design of LiFi Audio Transmission Using Pre-Programmed Modules
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M3 – cisco packet tracer lab
The document describes the steps taken to secure a wireless network using Cisco Packet Tracer:
1. The wireless PC was connected to the default wireless network and the network connection was verified.
2. The web utility of the Linksys WRT300N wireless router was accessed using the default credentials to begin securing the network.
3. The SSID was changed from the default and a WEP key was added, requiring reconnection with the new SSID and WEP key.
Hardware and software installation (m2)
This document summarizes the installation, updating, and testing of a wireless network interface card (NIC). First, anti-static gear was worn to safely install the wireless NIC. Then, the installation was checked in the network devices menu. A driver update scan found that the best driver was already installed. However, the wireless connection did not initially work until realizing it was not connected to the internet. Using ping commands to a website, a successful connection was then made over wireless communication.
D1 virtual xp install
The document describes the steps taken to install a Virtual XP OS via a vendor library website. It details accessing the installation page, agreeing to the licensing, choosing and formatting a partition for the OS, and going through the installation process. Finally, the Windows XP OS was successfully installed on the chosen partition.
D1 Vrtual desktop
The document summarizes the steps taken to build a virtual desktop computer from components. It describes adding the power supply, CPU, RAM, heatsink, motherboard, adapter cards, internal and external drives, internal cables connecting components to the motherboard, and finally external cables to connect peripherals. Completing all these steps results in a fully constructed virtual desktop.
Practical p5 p6 p5d2
Andrew Williams documented installing a wireless NIC on a computer. He went through the steps of putting on anti-static gear for safety, manually installing the NIC, checking that it installed correctly, running a driver update scan which found the best drivers were already installed, connecting the NIC to the internet which initially didn't work but was fixed by connecting to a network, using command prompt to ping a website to confirm internet connection, and concluding that the wireless NIC provided an alternative wireless connection method if the wired connection failed.
P3 Data Flow
Data flows from an internet-enabled device like a PC through routers to a server, which then sends the data back through the routers to its designated computer destination, as shown in the diagram.
P2 computer systems
A desktop computer consists of an external monitor and base unit containing internal components. It requires a keyboard, mouse and can connect other accessories. A laptop is a portable computer with an integrated keyboard, mouse pad, monitor and sometimes camera. It can connect external components via ports. A tablet is a touchscreen portable computer with an integrated monitor and few buttons. It requires no external components. A smartphone is a portable computer that can perform most functions of a computer while also making calls and texts. Games consoles play electronic or disk games and come in many styles without conventional external components like a keyboard.
P1 – typical computer components
The document discusses typical computer components. It describes the CPU as the brain of the computer that executes instructions and can get hot, requiring a heat sink for cooling. It notes that CPU size is measured in bits and speed in GHz. RAM is volatile memory that allows random data access, while ROM is read-only memory that cannot be modified without difficulty. SSDs use solid state memory with no moving parts for storage, while HDDs use rotating magnetic disks for secondary storage.
Inside a computer
The document summarizes the key internal components of a computer and how they work together. It describes the CPU as the "brain" that executes instructions. It explains how RAM and ROM differ in their volatility and ability to be modified. It also outlines different types of memory technologies like virtual memory, cache memory, and flash memory. The document concludes by discussing PCI/PCIe adapter cards, different types of storage interfaces like ATA/SATA/PATA, and storage technologies such as SCSI and solid state drives.
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P1 M1 connectivity
- 1. P1/M1 - Connectivity Centre Number: 61101 Candidate Number: 1726
- 2. Wired (Via Ethernet Cable) Wired connection is probably the simplest way to connect. The most common form of wired connectivity is probably via Ethernet Cable. It simply allows you to connect to the internet or any other electronic device that is internet enabled (by either using another Ethernet cable or is connected via Wi-Fi). Generally, they used to be made out of coaxial cable however nowadays are more commonly made out of a twisted pair (two conductors tied together) or fibre-optic. An Ethernet cable is normally connected to a computer from a router or server.
- 3. Wireless (Wi-Fi) Wireless (Wi-Fi) works in exactly the same premise as Wired (Ethernet) but it is connected wirelessly, hence the name. It is only enabled if there is a wireless router in the vicinity.
- 4. Bluetooth Bluetooth is another type of wireless connectivity that is commonly used. It is generally only used over short distances and mainly used to transfer data from a small handheld device to another handheld device or a Laptop/Desktop Computer. It uses short-wave radio waves to connect. Due to this short-distance connectivity, it effectively creates a PAN (Personal Area Network) and enables a very secure network
- 5. FireWire Fire wire (IEEE 1394) is a type of wired connectivity that was developed by Apple Inc. in 1980-1990. It provides high speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer (real-time data transfer performed at regular intervals. It is comparable with USB but USB is far more well-known and therefore sells more and much more successful.
- 6. USB (1.0,2.0,3.0) USB (Universal Serial Bus) is an industry standard that defines aspects associated with connectivity (Cables, connectors and communication protocols). It is the one of the most common connection types, and the USB connectors (portable electronic connectors that use the USB standard) are normally colloqualised just as ‘USB’, which is technically incorrect. There are many types of USB and these normally refer to an improvement in speed (e.g. USB 1.0 is slower than USB 2.0)
- 7. New - 4G LTE 4G LTE is a very recent connectivity technology used by Apple Inc. in their latest product, the ipad HD. It uses the old analogue T.V signals to transfer and receive data at high speeds.