9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938) was a South Asian Muslim writer,[1][2] philosopher,[3] scholar and politician,[4] whose poetry in the Urdu language is considered among the greatest of the twentieth century,[5][6][7][8] and whose vision of a cultural and political ideal for the Muslims of British Raj[9] was to animate the impulse for Pakistan.[1][10] He is commonly referred to by the honorific Allama[11] (from Persian: علامہ, romanized: ʿallāma, lit. 'very knowing, most 9 November 1877 – 21 April 1938) was a South Asian Muslim writer,[1][2] philosopher,[3] scholar and politician,[4] whose poetry in the Urdu language is considered among the greatest of the twentieth century,[5][6][7][8] and whose vision of a cultural and political ideal for the Muslims of British Raj[9] was to animate the impulse for Pakistan.[1][10] He is commonly referred to by the honorific Allama[11] (from Persian: علامہ, romanized: ʿallāma, lit. 'very knowing, most

1. Presentation of IT

2. Networks and Its Types
Presented By
Iqra Jabeen (22011514-001)
Laiba Akbar (22011514-071)
Aqsa Asghar (22011514-031)
Matiba Safdar (22011514-079)

3. What is Network
 A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to
share resources exchange files, or allow electronic communications.
 The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone
lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

4. Uses of Network
A network is very useful for connection and communication purposes.
 Ease of accessibility: Modern computer networks are easy to explore. So,
even if you are a kid or a person new to technology, you’ll find it easy to
connect.
 Flexibility: Here, flexibility means that different people will be able to
explore different things as per their requirements. For this purpose,
computer networks provide you a wide array of choices to share a
particular piece of information. For example, e-mail or messaging apps
like WhatsApp. So, there is flexibility for different users

5. Uses of Network
 Convenient resource sharing: The main aim of a computer network is to
enable sharing of resources among its users. You can use resources such as
printers, scanners and photocopy machines that can be shared across
multiple users. This resource sharing is important for big companies as
they can use one single common network for connecting with their
employees.
 Connectivity: Computer Networks improve connectivity irrespective of a
person’s location. In these testing times, we can see live examples as we
use video call apps or Google documents to connect with our friends and
colleagues.

6. Uses of Network
 Great storage capacity: Organizations have an abundance of data that
needs to be stored. For that purpose, they are required to store them in
a central server. A central server is a remote server that is accessible to
each and every employee. So, if in case one loses the data, others have
it.
 Reduced cost: Cost is one of the crucial factors that one needs to
consider . In networking, a central server is used that enables
companies to store files in one place and thus reducing file storage
expenses

7. Types of Network
Network is classified into two ways:
 On The basis of physical medium

8. Types of Networks
 On The basis of Area

9. Types on The basis of physical medium
There are two types
 Wired Network
 Wireless Network

10. Wired Network
 Wired network is one where the devices in the network are connected
using cables. Most wired networks are Ethernet networks.
 Examples:
Telephone Network
Cable television network

11. Wireless Network
 Wireless network uses radio waves to connect devices . It does not
require any wires to connect the devices. There are a range of
wireless technologies such as:
 Examples:
 Bluetooth
 Wi-Fi
 Infrared
 ZigBee

12. Wiredless Network
 Bluetooth
 Bluetooth is a wireless radio technology that allows many different devices to connect to each
other and work together. It was originally invented as an affordable wireless alternative to wired
keyboards, headphones, speakers, and other peripherals. Now, many kinds of devices use
Bluetooth, including cell phones, stereos, health monitors, and safety trackers. Almost any
wireless device you encounter might use Bluetooth technology.
 Wifi
 Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that allows devices such as computers (laptops and
desktops), mobile devices, and other equipment (printers and video cameras) to
interface with the Internet. It allows these devices--and many more--to exchange
information with one another, creating a network.
 Internet connectivity occurs through a wireless router. When you access Wi-Fi, you
are connecting to a wireless router that allows your Wi-Fi-compatible devices to
interface with the Interne

13. Wiredless Network
 Infrared
 Infrared wireless networking uses infrared beams to send data transmissions between
devices. Infrared wireless networking offers higher transmission rates, reaching 10Mbps to
16Mbps. As expected, infrared light beams cannot penetrate objects; therefore, the signal is
disrupted when something blocks the light
 Zigbee
 Simply put, Zigbee is a wireless technolgy that is used to allow Smart Devices such as light
bulbs, sockets, plugs, smart locks, motion sensors and door sensors to communicate with
each other
 A typical example is when you have a Zigbee-enabled light bulb and a Zigbee-enabled light
switch and you want the light switch to control the light bulb. With Zigbee, the two devices -
even if they're from different location - speak a common language, so there's no barrier to
communication.

15. Wiredless Network

16. Type on The basis of Area
Depending upon the geographical area covered by a network, it is classified
as:
1.(PAN) Personal Area Network.
2.(LAN)Local Area Network.
3.(MAN)Metropolitan Area Network.
4.(WAN)Wide Area Network.

17. (PAN) Personal Area Network
 A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network for
interconnecting electronic devices within an individual person’s
workspace.
 A PAN provides data transmission among devices such as computers,
smartphones, tablets and personal digital assistants. PANs can be used
for communication among the personal devices themselves, or for
connecting to a higher level network and the Internet where one
master device takes up the role as gateway.

18.  A PAN may be wireless or carried over wired interfaces such as
USB. A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a PAN carried
over a low-powered, short-distance wireless network technology
such as IrDA, Wireless USB, Bluetooth or ZigBee. The reach of a
WPAN varies from a few centimeters to a few meters. WPANs
specifically tailored for low-power operation of the sensors are
sometimes also called low-power personal area network (LPPAN) to
better distinguish them from low-power wide-area network
(LPWAN).
(PAN) Personal Area Network

19. Examples of (PAN) Personal Area Network
 One of the most common real-
world examples of a PAN is
the connection between a
Bluetooth earpiece and a
smartphone. PANs can also
connect laptops, tablets,
printers, keyboards, and other
computerized devices. PAN
network connections can either
be wired or wireless.

20. Advantages of (PAN) Personal Area Network
 No extra space requires
 Connect to many devices at a time
 Cost effective
 Easy to use
 Reliable
 Secure
 Used in office, conference, and meetings

21. Disadvantages of (PAN) Personal Area Network
 Less distance range
 Interfere with radio signals
 Slow data transfer
 Health problem
 Costly in terms of communication devices
 Infrared signals travel in a straight line

22. (LAN)Local Area Network
 A Network in limited geographical area such as home or office building
 LAN covers a small region of space typically a single building, schools or at home
 LAN can pass data to one and all as well as can share resources.
 Once PC’s are physically connected, software designed specifically for LAN allows
the exchange of program and data files among users connected to the network.
 The network software allows any user to access shared data storage(hardware) and
output devices (printers) connected to networks.
 A group of computers and other devices dispersed over a relatively limited area say
within a building and connected by a communication link that enables each device to
interact with any other device on the network is called LAN.

23. Examples of (LAN)Local Area Network
 Computer network at UOG
 Networking in home, office.
 Networking in school, laboratory,
university campus.
 Networking between two computers.
 Wi-Fi (When we consider wireless
LAN).
Its range is from 1Km to 10Km

24. Advantages of (LAN)Local Area Network
 Simple and relatively inexpensive.
 Collaboration of Resources.
 The association involving client and server.
 Accessing of software programs.
 Data protection.
 Fast communication.

25. Disadvantages of (LAN)Local Area Network
 The information security issue that arise.
 Long-distance major limitation.
 All devices may be disproportionately affected if the server fails.
 Installing a LAN is difficult and expensive
 Data Sharing via Outside Source

26. (MAN)Metropolitan Area Network
 A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that is larger
than a single building local area network (LAN) but is located in a single
geographic area that is smaller than a wide area network (WAN).
 Generally, it is several LANs interconnected by dedicated backbone
connections. It may also refer to public use networking infrastructure in a
municipality or region.
 Like WANs, a MAN is made up of interconnected LANs. Because MANs
are smaller, they are usually more efficient than WANs, since data does not
have to travel over large distances. MANs typically combine the networks of
multiple organizations, instead of being managed by a single organization.

27. (MAN)Metropolitan Area Network
 Most MANs use fiber optic cables to form connections between
LANs. Often a MAN will run on "dark fiber" — formerly unused
fiber optic cables that are able to carry traffic. These fiber optic
cables may be leased from private-sector Internet service providers
(ISP).
Examples:
 UOG Campuses.
 Telephone networks.

29. Advantages of (MAN)
Metropolitan Area Network
 Less expensive
 Sending local emails
 High speed than WAN
 Sharing of the internet
 Conversion from LAN to MAN is easy
 High Security

30. Disadvantages of (MAN)
Metropolitan Area Network
 Difficult to manage.
 Internet speed difference.
 Hackers attack.
 Technical people required to set up.
 More wires required

31. Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Wide area networks are a form of telecommunication networks that can connect
devices from multiple locations and across the globe. WANs are the largest and
most expansive forms of computer networks available to date.
 These networks are often established by service providers that then lease their
WAN to businesses, schools, governments or the public. These customers can use
the network to relay and store data or communicate with other users, no matter
their location, as long as they have access to the established WAN.
 If WAN connections didn’t exist, organizations would be isolated to restricted
areas or specific geographic regions. LANs would allow organizations to work
within their building, but growth to outside areas — either different cities or even
different countries — would not be possible because the associated infrastructure
would be cost prohibitive for most organizations.

33. Examples of WAN Wide Area Network
 The Internet is a WAN.
 A network of bank cash dispensers is a WAN.
 A school network is usually a LAN.
 LANs are often connected to WANs, for example a school network
could be connected to the Internet.
 WANs can be connected together using the Internet, leased lines or
satellite links.

34. Advantages of (WAN) Wide Area Network
 Area Coverage
 Centralized Data
 Updated File
 Message Exchange
 Increased Bandwidth
 Assured Uptime

35. Disadvantages of (WAN) Wide Area Network
 Security
 Need of Secruity Solution
 Installation Costs
 Disconnection Problem
 Trouble Shooting Issues
 Maintanence Issues

36. The End