Oxytocin and ergot derivatives are two groups of oxytocic drugs used to induce or augment labor. Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone produced in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary. It acts on uterine smooth muscle oxytocin receptors to cause contractions. Ergot derivatives are alkaloids derived from fungi that grow on rye. They exert oxytocic effects by acting on serotonin and alpha-adrenergic receptors in the uterus. Both drugs are used during labor to either induce or augment contractions, and postpartum to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. Their administration must be carefully monitored to avoid complications like uterine hyperstimulation.
VACUUM DELIVERY - OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY-
DEALS WITH THE DELIVERY OF HUMAN BABY BY VACUUM IN SPECIAL OBSTETRIC CONDITIONS.
VACUUM is an instrumental device designed to assist delivery by creating a vacuum between it and the fetal scalp.
Emergencies that occur in pregnancy or during or after labor and delivery.
main emergencies are
Ectopic Pregnancy
Uterine Inversion
Obstetrical Shock
Cord Prolepses
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Postpartum Hemorrhage
VACUUM DELIVERY - OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY-
DEALS WITH THE DELIVERY OF HUMAN BABY BY VACUUM IN SPECIAL OBSTETRIC CONDITIONS.
VACUUM is an instrumental device designed to assist delivery by creating a vacuum between it and the fetal scalp.
Emergencies that occur in pregnancy or during or after labor and delivery.
main emergencies are
Ectopic Pregnancy
Uterine Inversion
Obstetrical Shock
Cord Prolepses
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Fourth stage of labor: The hour or two after delivery when the tone of the uterus is reestablished as the uterus contracts again, expelling any remaining contents. These contractions are hastened by breastfeeding, which stimulates production of the hormone oxytocin.
This ppt is made by Mr. arkab khan pathan under guidance of Mrs. RAKHI GOAR. this ppt contain the detail and all the lecture notes of HEG.
THANK YOU.
Arkab khan
Fourth stage of labor: The hour or two after delivery when the tone of the uterus is reestablished as the uterus contracts again, expelling any remaining contents. These contractions are hastened by breastfeeding, which stimulates production of the hormone oxytocin.
This ppt is made by Mr. arkab khan pathan under guidance of Mrs. RAKHI GOAR. this ppt contain the detail and all the lecture notes of HEG.
THANK YOU.
Arkab khan
A brief introduction regarding oxytocics & tocolytics which are the indispensable drugs in obstetrics. It consists of illustrative images, classification of drugs with their dosage, uses & side-effects along with contraindications
OXYTOCIN, ERGOT ALKALOIDS
&
UTERINE RELAXARS
Uterine stimulants (uterotonics) are medications given to cause a woman's uterus to contract, or to increase the frequency and intensity of the contractions. These drugs are used to induce (start) or augment (speed) labor; facilitate uterine contractions following a miscarriage; induce abortion; or reduce hemorrhage following childbirth or abortion.
“Tocolytic Drugs”
Relax the uterus and arrest threatened abortion or delay premature labor.
Here is Ppt on Oxytocin ,Uterine Stimulant and Uterine relaxant( tocolytic drugs). this is all you will need to learn for the exam. Hope you like it! #Medicine #pharmacology #health #baby #women #childbirth #uterinestimulant #hormones #science #heathcare #heathtech #brain #pitutarygland #mbbs #bpharm #bams #bhms #bums #bvms
This presentation contains :-
1.Introduction of normal labour
2. Definiation of normal labour
3.Criteria of normal labour
4. Physiology of normal labour
5. Pathophysiology of labor
6.Estrogen
7. Prostaglandin
8. Oxytocin
9. True labor and false labor difference
10. Uterine contraction in labor
11. Stages of labour
12. Management of 1 st stage
13. management of 2 nd stage
14. mamagement of 3 rd stage of labor
15. Cervix dilation
16. Friedman's curve
17. Fetal skull
18. Diameter of fetal skull
19. Sutures in fetal head
20. Moulding
21. Mechanism of labour
Similar to Oxytocics: Induction and Augmentation of Labor (20)
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
7. Initiation Of Parturition
Parturition has three phases*
Phase 0 : Phase of uterine quiescence
Phase 1 : Preparation for labor
Phase 2 : Labor and delivery
Phase 3 : Puerperium
Phase 1: Gap junction formation between smooth muscles
of uterus and synthesis of oxytocin receptor
Oxytocin was believed to initiate parturition, current
evidence states otherwise
*N.B. : Parturition is said to begin on transion from phase 0 to phase 1
12. Pharmacokinetics
Preparations:
Synthetic oxytocin (Syntocinon, Pitocin) 5IU/ml amp
Syntometrine (Sandoz Syntocinon 5U+Ergometrine 0.5mg)
Desamino oxytocin Buccal tablet 50 I.U. (long halflife)
Oxytocin nasal spray – 40U/ml
Buccal and nasal spray – limited use
Circulating halflife 3 10 mins
Duration of action: 20 – 30 minutes
Excreted through liver and kidney
Stored at 2 – 8º C
13. Therapeutic Indications
Pregnancy Puerperium
Early (2nd Trimester) Late
Minimize blood loss
Labor Induction
Induce abortion
Control Post Partum
Labor Augmentation
Accelerate abortion Hemorrhage
Uterine Inertia
Terminate molar Manage third stage
pregnancy
of labor
Contraction stress test
Diagnostic Indications Oxytocin sensitivity test
14. CONTRAINDICATIONS
Fetal Causes Maternal Causes
Severe Grand multipara
hydrocephalus Prior uterine rupture
Malpresentation Previous classical section
Nonreassuring fetal Placenta praevia major
heart rate CPD
Active genital herpes or
cancer cervix
17. Low dose regimen
Table 2. Flow and Dosage of Oxytocin Solution*
Drops/min ml/min Total amount of fluid in 30 min Dose/min
(ml) (mIU/min)
8 0.5 15 2.5
16 1 30 5
24 1.5 45 7.5
32 2 60 10
40 2.5 75 12.5
48 3 90 15
56 3.5 105 17.5
64 4 120 20
72 4.5 135 22.5
N.B. : 2.5 IU syntocinon is added to 500 ml of RL to obtain 5 mIU/ml concentration
18. Results are unsatisfactory then add 5 IU of syntocinon
to 500 ml of RL
therefore, 10mIU/ml
Table 3. Flow and dosage of Oxytocin Solution
Drops/min ml/min Total amount of fluid in Dose/min
30 min (ml) (mIU/min)
32 2 60 20
40 2.5 75 25
48 3 90 30
56 3.5 105 35
64 4 120 40
72 4.5 135 45
20. High dose regimen
Indicated in pregnant women in whom the volume
overload is dangerous
Advantages over low dose regimen
1. Shorter mean admission to delivery time
2. Fewer failed induction
3. Fewer cases of neonatal sepsis/ chorioamnionitis
4. Fewer incidence of forceps delivery/caesarean
section
21. Duration of Administration
End point
30 minutes
2.5/6 mIU/min
Augmentation
End point
• Adequate uterine contractions i.e., 34 / 10 min, each lasting for 3540
seconds
• Satisfactory descent of the presenting part
• Satisfactory dilatation of the cervix i.e., atleast 1cm/hr
26. Oxytocin Sensitivity Test
Assess irritability of uterus to oxytocin
Procedure :
0.01U given IV at the end of spontaneous
contraction
Repeated at 1min interval until induced
contraction starts (hardening)
Inference :
If contraction does not begin after 4 injections then
uterus is unlikely to be responsive to induction
27. Adverse Reactions & Complications
Uterine hyperstimulation
Hypertonia (each contraction > 60sec)
Polysystole (>6/10 min)
Uterine rupture
Water intoxication*
Occurs with rates 3040 mIU/min
Due to vasopressin like activity
Hypotension ( iv bolus) : Due to temporary
vasodilation caused by oxytocin
Fetal distress (due to hyperstimulation)
* N.B.: Don't infuse more than 1 L fluid in 24 hours
28. Lactation and Pregnancy
No large scale study is available to arrive at
definite conclusions
Oxytocin released during lactation will cause mild
uterine contractions
Mother is protected as oxytocin receptors are not
present till late in pregnancy
The American Academy of Family Physicians states that
“If the pregnancy is normal and the mother is healthy,
breastfeeding during pregnancy is the woman' s personal
decision”
33. Indications*
Prophylactic: Prevent post partum hemorrhage
– given as IV 0.2mg methergin after anterior
shoulder delivery
Control bleeding after delivery (instrumental or
caesarean section or abortion)
*N.B. : Ergot derivatives must never be used prior to delivery for
induction or augmentation of labor