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Photo: Sean Carroll
-
GIS/Environmental Community Educator
Cornell Cooperative Extension Dutchess County
Photo: Sean Carroll
1. What are “watersheds” and why are
they important?
2. Brief overview of the Wappinger
Creek and its watershed
3. Impacts of land use in the watershed
4. Why a watershed-scale approach to
planning & management?
Photo: Lela Butts
“The area of land where all the water that
falls onto it drains into the same place.”
• Everyone lives in a watershed
• Edges found at the highest elevation
• Flows downhill as streams and rivers into
waterbodies or into the ground
“No matter where you live in a watershed you
can have a direct impact on your neighbor’s water
resources and they on yours”
Surface Water: water collecting on the
ground or in a stream, river, lake, or wetland.
Riparian Zone: the area between land and
flowing surface water.
Floodplain: land adjacent to a stream or river
that experiences periodic flooding. Allows
water to spread out and slow down during a
flood.
Ground-water: water that percolates into the
soil or through porous rock layers in the earth
and into aquifers
Aquifer: subsurface deposit that transmits
and stores water
Ground-water Recharge: precipitation that
passes through the land surface
Source: USGS
Watershed:
• 211 square miles/134,871 acres
• 11 towns & 2 villages
• 9 subwatersheds
• 1,694 acres of ponds and lakes
• 8,362 acres of wetlands
Wappinger Creek:
• 38 miles long
• Source: Thompson Pond, Pine Plains
• Mouth: Hudson River, Poughkeepsie/Wappinger
• 320 miles of tributaries:
• Cold Spring Creek, East Branch Wappinger Creek, Great Spring Creek, Grist
Mill Creek, Hunns Lake Creek, Little Wappinger Creek, Tamarack Creek,
Upton Lake Creek, Willow Brook
Municipalities in the Watershed:
• Town of Pine Plains
• Town of Milan
• Town of Stanford
• Town of Clinton
• Village of Millbrook
• Town of Washington
• Town of Hyde Park
• Town of Pleasant Valley
• Town of LaGrange
• Town of Poughkeepsie
• Town of Wappinger
• Town of Fishkill
• Village of Wappingers Falls
13
• Still largely forested (~ 50%)
• Nearly a quarter of watershed is
agricultural land
• ~ 21% of watershed developed
• As development moves along, more and
more impervious surfaces are formed…
• Since rainwater and other precipitation
cannot pass through impervious
surfaces such as sidewalks, streets,
highways, and parking lots, the water
simply runs off…
• This runoff picks up pollutants and litter
on its way, which ends up in our streams
and waterbodies…
• Finally, since the water that would
normally seep back into the ground runs
off instead, there is less groundwater
recharge.
4.5% increase in agriculture in DC
between 2015 and 2016*
Agriculture equals ~ 22% of land cover in
the Wappinger Creek Watershed
• ~ 1,400 farm parcels
• ~ 60,800 acres
Improper agricultural practices can have a
negative impact on water quality:
• Loss of riparian buffers
• Increased nutrient & bacteria inputs
• Increased erosion & sedimentation
Photo: Sean Carroll
* Source: 2016 Dutchess County 8-year Agricultural Review
The buffer between streams and uplands
Riparian buffers help to:
1. stream temperature &
light penetration
2. bank stability
3. retention of nutrients &
contaminantsPhoto: Sean Carroll
• Water flows from high to low – It doesn’t care about municipal
boundaries!
• issues in the watershed often affect several (if not all)
municipalities and communities within its boundaries
• Involves all stakeholders in watershed
• local, state, federal government
• NGOs such as conservation organizations and land trusts
• residents & landowners
• allows for strong community involvement & engagement
• Strategically addresses priority water resource goals
• integrates multiple programs (regulatory and voluntary)
• based on sound science
• uses adaptive management
• aided by strategic watershed & open space plans
Photo: Allison Chatrchyan
Photo: Allison Chatrchyan
“No matter where you live in a
watershed you can have a direct
impact on your neighbor’s water
resources and they on yours”
Photo: Sean Carroll

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Overview of the Wappinger Creek & Watershed Basics

  • 2. - GIS/Environmental Community Educator Cornell Cooperative Extension Dutchess County Photo: Sean Carroll
  • 3. 1. What are “watersheds” and why are they important? 2. Brief overview of the Wappinger Creek and its watershed 3. Impacts of land use in the watershed 4. Why a watershed-scale approach to planning & management? Photo: Lela Butts
  • 4. “The area of land where all the water that falls onto it drains into the same place.” • Everyone lives in a watershed • Edges found at the highest elevation • Flows downhill as streams and rivers into waterbodies or into the ground “No matter where you live in a watershed you can have a direct impact on your neighbor’s water resources and they on yours”
  • 5. Surface Water: water collecting on the ground or in a stream, river, lake, or wetland. Riparian Zone: the area between land and flowing surface water. Floodplain: land adjacent to a stream or river that experiences periodic flooding. Allows water to spread out and slow down during a flood.
  • 6. Ground-water: water that percolates into the soil or through porous rock layers in the earth and into aquifers Aquifer: subsurface deposit that transmits and stores water Ground-water Recharge: precipitation that passes through the land surface Source: USGS
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Watershed: • 211 square miles/134,871 acres • 11 towns & 2 villages • 9 subwatersheds • 1,694 acres of ponds and lakes • 8,362 acres of wetlands Wappinger Creek: • 38 miles long • Source: Thompson Pond, Pine Plains • Mouth: Hudson River, Poughkeepsie/Wappinger • 320 miles of tributaries: • Cold Spring Creek, East Branch Wappinger Creek, Great Spring Creek, Grist Mill Creek, Hunns Lake Creek, Little Wappinger Creek, Tamarack Creek, Upton Lake Creek, Willow Brook
  • 10. Municipalities in the Watershed: • Town of Pine Plains • Town of Milan • Town of Stanford • Town of Clinton • Village of Millbrook • Town of Washington • Town of Hyde Park • Town of Pleasant Valley • Town of LaGrange • Town of Poughkeepsie • Town of Wappinger • Town of Fishkill • Village of Wappingers Falls 13
  • 11.
  • 12. • Still largely forested (~ 50%) • Nearly a quarter of watershed is agricultural land • ~ 21% of watershed developed
  • 13.
  • 14. • As development moves along, more and more impervious surfaces are formed… • Since rainwater and other precipitation cannot pass through impervious surfaces such as sidewalks, streets, highways, and parking lots, the water simply runs off… • This runoff picks up pollutants and litter on its way, which ends up in our streams and waterbodies… • Finally, since the water that would normally seep back into the ground runs off instead, there is less groundwater recharge.
  • 15. 4.5% increase in agriculture in DC between 2015 and 2016* Agriculture equals ~ 22% of land cover in the Wappinger Creek Watershed • ~ 1,400 farm parcels • ~ 60,800 acres Improper agricultural practices can have a negative impact on water quality: • Loss of riparian buffers • Increased nutrient & bacteria inputs • Increased erosion & sedimentation Photo: Sean Carroll * Source: 2016 Dutchess County 8-year Agricultural Review
  • 16. The buffer between streams and uplands Riparian buffers help to: 1. stream temperature & light penetration 2. bank stability 3. retention of nutrients & contaminantsPhoto: Sean Carroll
  • 17. • Water flows from high to low – It doesn’t care about municipal boundaries! • issues in the watershed often affect several (if not all) municipalities and communities within its boundaries • Involves all stakeholders in watershed • local, state, federal government • NGOs such as conservation organizations and land trusts • residents & landowners • allows for strong community involvement & engagement • Strategically addresses priority water resource goals • integrates multiple programs (regulatory and voluntary) • based on sound science • uses adaptive management • aided by strategic watershed & open space plans Photo: Allison Chatrchyan
  • 18. Photo: Allison Chatrchyan “No matter where you live in a watershed you can have a direct impact on your neighbor’s water resources and they on yours”

Editor's Notes

  1. Habitat Drinking water In stream processing of contaminants Streams and lakes provide essential habitat for fish, reptiles, and amphibians and play an important role in the life cycles of many insects mammals and birds Streams filter out pollutants that have been washed off developed land preventing them from entering downstream rivers, lakes and drinking reservoirs Healthy streams and rivers can slow runoff during times of heavy rain minimizing downstream erosion and flooding Streams, Rivers, and lakes also provide many high quality recreational opportunities such as fishing and boating Rivers also provide an important means of transportation
  2. Also in Dutchess County are the: The Roeliff-Jansen Kill The Fishkill Creek The Croton River The Tenmile River and the Hudson River Direct Drainage, which is comprised of the Saw Kill, the Fall Kill, the Casper Kill, and others.