The document discusses the importance of theories and models in guiding occupational therapy practice, explaining how they inform interventions and client-centered care. It outlines how frames of reference utilize theoretical concepts to structure practical applications and treatment approaches while emphasizing the significance of understanding a client's individual goals. Additionally, trends and innovations in occupational therapy, including technology's evolving role, are highlighted.

1. Overview of Models, Frames of
Reference andApproaches

2. Theories
 Healthcare professionals use theory to guide their practice.
 Theories are predictions of what will occur under certain
circumstances.
 When people hear the word ‘‘theory,’’ they tend to think of
something that is complex, esoteric, difficult to understand, and
completely impractical.
 For e.g.- Sensory Integration Theory, Theory of Occupational
Adaptation, Theory of Occupational Reconstructions

3. Model
 Model provides structure and assists occupational therapists to
produce proper, profession-specific, scientifically-based
intervention.
 For e.g.
 Biomechanical Model
 Rehabilitation Model
 Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)

4. Frames of
Reference
 A frame of reference uses pieces of one or more theories and makes
them practical and useful.
 On the basis of one or more theories, a frame of reference is an
accepted structure for organizing theoretical material and translating
information into practice.
 The scaffolding of a frame of reference organizes theoretical
material needed for problem identification and solution in
occupational therapy service delivery.
 For Eg- Biomechanical FOR, Sensory Integration FOR,
Rehabilitation FOR

5. Application of
Theory and
Frame of
Reference
 Before learning about the usefulness of frames of reference, it is
critical to have a basic understanding of theory.
 The purpose of a theory is to inform the theorist’s intentions and the
use of theory refers to how professionals actually put the theory into
practice.
 Sometimes theory is not complex: people develop simple theories
all the time.

6. Function–
dysfunction
continua
 Function–dysfunction continua, clearly identifies those areas of
function with which the frame of reference is concerned.
 After reading a theoretical base, a person should be able to identify
the specific areas of performance important to an individual's skills
and abilities.
 Each function–dysfunction continuum covers one area of
performance important to the particular frame of reference.

7. Approaches
 Occupational therapy treatment approaches are based on the
occupational therapy frames of reference or frameworks.
 The frameworks guide therapists in the evaluation and treatment of
a patient.
 The occupational therapy planning and focus revolve around the
performance area, performance components, and performance
contexts.
 For e.g. – Neurodeveplomental Approach, Roods Approach etc.

9. Client-
centeredCare
• Client- Centered practice is defined as a partnership between the
client and therapist that empowers a client to fulfil his/her
occupational roles in a variety of environments.
• To Understanding the client's goals and values.
• Provides Tailoring interventions to individual needs.
• Client centered therapy, or person centered therapy, is a non-
directive approach to other therapy.

10. Intervention
Planning and
Implementation
• Setting client-centered goals
• Selecting appropriate
interventions and techniques

11. The Future of
Occupational
Therapy
• Trends and innovations in OccupationalTherapy
• The evolving role of technology In OT Practice.

12. ThankYou