1450 1750 O Verview
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Between 1450 and 1750, the global balance of power shifted significantly as the influence of Islam and the Mongols declined. Europe began to take a more dominant role economically and politically during this period through expansion, colonization, and the development of new technologies and navigation techniques. Key events included the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate and Byzantine Empire, the rise of the Ottoman Empire, and the Ming dynasty's withdrawal from exploration under Zheng He. European powers like Portugal, Spain, Italy and England emerged as global colonial powers through their exploration of Africa, Asia, and the Americas in this period.
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Genghis Khan founded the Mongol Empire, one of the largest and most powerful empires in history. He conquered vast territories across Asia, including all of China and areas west to Afghanistan before dying while battling another group. The Mongols succeeded through tactical brilliance and psychological warfare. They studied their enemy's weaknesses and used maneuvers like feigned retreats to draw opponents into traps. Through continued expansion after Genghis Khan's death led by his progeny, the Mongol Empire reached its peak under Kublai Khan in the late 13th century, becoming the largest contiguous empire in world history.
The Ming And Qing Dynasties Of China
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Mongol Empire
The document discusses the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan and his successors. It describes how the Mongols, originating from the steppes of Central Asia, were united by Genghis Khan into a powerful empire. Through their superb horsemanship and archery skills, the Mongols built a formidable war machine and rapidly expanded their empire across Asia and Eastern Europe. At its height, the Mongol Empire stretched from China to Eastern Europe. However, internal divisions and resistance from conquered peoples eventually led to the decline and fall of the Mongol Empire in China and elsewhere.
Mongolian Empire
The Mongol Empire spanned from 1206-1368 over a vast area of 33 million square kilometers and was divided into different regions ruled as vassal states. It was a simply but effectively organized military force composed of horse archers, lance cavalry, and engineers. The Yuan Dynasty established by Kublai Khan ruled China from 1271-1368 and preceded the Ming Dynasty. Marco Polo was a Venetian trader and explorer who was one of the first Westerners to travel the Silk Road to China and provide accounts of life in the Mongol Empire and Yuan Dynasty in the 13th century.
Chapter 11 Mongol Monument Empire - Ways of the World AP World History Book
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This Powerpoint explains about the Mongol empire, their religion, rulers and everything that is important to learn
Dossier mongol rally version blog
5. Gastos varios 1.000 €
El documento resume la información sobre el Mongol Rally 2011, incluyendo los organizadores del equipo Romesco Warriors, la historia del rally, los detalles sobre la ruta, los países que atraviesa, las normas, los vehículos permitidos, los objetivos del rally, la ONG beneficiaria, y el presupuesto estimado.
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The document discusses the rise and fall of the Mongol Empire under leaders like Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan. It describes how the Mongols, originating in central Asia, conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe under Genghis Khan. Kublai Khan later established the Yuan Dynasty after conquering China in 1279. While the Mongols spread destruction, their empire also saw a period of political stability and increased trade along the Silk Road. However, the empire eventually declined due to the vast lands being difficult to govern from a central location and growing resentment against Mongol rule.
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1450 1750 overview
Between 1450-1750, global interactions increased dramatically due to advances in ship technology and the rise of maritime empires. The Atlantic slave trade expanded greatly to support the colonies in the Americas. Major cultural and religious changes also occurred in Europe during this period, including the Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and growing influence of science and philosophy.
Ap euro ch 15
This chapter discusses European exploration and conquest between 1450-1650. It provides context on pre-Columbian trade networks centered around the Indian Ocean, then outlines the political, economic, and technological factors that drove Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, and English overseas expansion in this period. Key events discussed include the voyages led by Prince Henry the Navigator for Portugal in the 1400s, Vasco de Gama reaching India for Portugal in 1497-1499, Columbus' voyages for Spain starting in 1492, and the establishment of global colonial empires by European powers in the Americas, Africa, and Asia in the 1500s-1600s. The impacts of expanded trade and colonization, such as the Columbian Exchange
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Europe in the 15th century was organized into a feudal hierarchical system with monarchs, nobles, and the Catholic Church at the top and most of the population as peasants. Several factors encouraged European exploration including the Crusades, population growth, the Renaissance, and advances in sailing technology. Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal sponsored navigators and expeditions down the African coast. The fall of Constantinople cut off European trade routes to Asia, further motivating exploration for new routes.
Midtermunitiiireview14501750
1. The document outlines major global developments between 1450-1750, including the rise of global trade, absolutism, and European dominance due to exploration and colonization.
2. Key empires that rose and declined in this period include Ming China, Tokugawa Japan, the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, and various African kingdoms.
3. European powers like Portugal, Spain, the Dutch, and British established global colonial empires and trading networks through exploration, initially to bypass Ottoman control of trade routes but later through institutions like joint-stock companies.
1) the pre columbian world
The document provides background information on the early history of the Americas and Europe. It discusses that the first people arrived in North and South America around 15,000 years ago by crossing a land bridge from Asia. As the climate warmed, native populations in North America transitioned to semi-permanent farms of crops like corn and beans, and developed diverse cultures and religions. The document also notes that before 1500, Europe was not a dominant region, but focused on trade through other areas, and that the fall of Constantinople in 1453 disrupted these trade routes, leading Europeans to explore routes across the Atlantic Ocean using new ship designs like the caravel.
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Image: romantic view of Columbus setting foot in the new world
I. Intro Big Themes
II. The world ca. 15th century
III. Portuguese Beginnings
IV. Columbus the 1st Conquistador
America Discovery
Norse occupation of upper Canada during the middle ages
Basque fishermen fishing off of the New England and Upper Canada
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15th century = 1400s
Looking at the world during the 1400s, with broad brushstrokes laying out some of the rpe conditions for conquest in the hew world.
What were the goals and provisions of the Europeans that instigated them breaking from tradition and setting out to discover.
The real pioneers were the Portuguese, outside of brazil they do not have a large presence in the New World
Big Themes:
Conquest changed everything, most momentous single event that historians can think of. It changed the fortunes of the entire globe.
In the 15th century Europe was emerging from the middle ages, sometimes refered to as the dark ages and as prospering especially in maritime states, such as Genoa where Columbus was born. It was however a sideshow of the economic worlds wealth. Much of the worlds trading systems was being traded across land or hugging the coasts between Europe and the far east. Along the silk roads. Europe lay at the very end of these roads.
By being at the end of the roads Europe was on the periphery. This changed with the age of exploration.
Exploration completely changed the map of the world. What Europeans changed despite the map was to create an Atlantic system of trade and commerce, sometimes referred to as the Triangle Trade. Trade between Europe-Africa-New World (N. and S. America and the Caribbean)
The rise of the west was built on this Atlantic system. The fortunes of Europe over the next 500 years will be laid economically, politically, militarily, etc. in the colonial outposts in the New World.
Effects dramatic in other locations as well.
Africa will export slaves to work vast plantations, mining facilities, as well as other things that were done to produce wealth. The fortunes of Africans thus will be dramatically transformed.
No less dramatic to Native Americans 15-50 million indigenous inhabitants of N. and S. America. It has been estimated that a figure as high as 90% died within a century of Columbus’s ‘discovery.’
The first group that Europeans hope to enslave are N. Americans and some die from overwork, and labor.
Most die due to disease-smallpox, etc.
For peoples of Asia and Middle East will see their fortunes change in particular to that of Europe. Prior to the discoveries the east was the center of the knowledge, wealth and power, with the Middle East as Middle men in the trade routes also benefitting.
With the development of the trade routes these centers of power would diminish
Q: did the.
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The document summarizes the expansion of trade and influence between Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas from the 15th to 18th centuries. It describes how Portugal established the first global trade networks by pioneering oceanic routes around Africa and to India. It also discusses the Spanish conquests in the Americas under figures like Cortes and Pizarro, as well as the growth of the transatlantic slave trade that transported millions of Africans to labor in the Americas. The document outlines the establishment of European colonial empires and trading posts in various regions and the impacts this had on existing societies and political structures.
HIST_1301_Chapter_1_Notes
- Native Americans originally migrated to North America over a land bridge between Asia and North America around 15,000-40,000 years ago. They built societies, trade networks, and agricultural systems.
- European views of Native Americans were generally negative, seeing them as savages who did not make proper use of the land and lacked concepts of private property and laws. Europeans did not respect Native religious practices or forms of government.
- Portuguese exploration in the 15th century established the Atlantic slave trade, transporting millions of Africans to European colonies as slaves. This helped fuel the rise of powerful European empires like Spain and France, which went on to colonize the Americas.
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The world in 1492 saw the beginnings of political unification in Europe. Ferdinand and Isabella unified Spain through marriage, while Lorenzo maintained balance of power in Italy. China was ruled by the Ming Dynasty but lacked elements like missionary religion that encouraged European exploration. Four major civilizations - Europe, Middle East/Africa, India, East Asia - had developed bureaucracy, technology, and writing. The Americas had the Aztec and Mayan empires, while crops spread between hemispheres, influencing population growth. European developments in commerce, religion, and technology enabled exploration that connected the world.
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In 1492, Europe was made up of many small states that were consolidating into larger powers. Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain sponsored Christopher Columbus and launched a program of exploration and conquest in the Americas. The Ottoman Empire had conquered Constantinople in 1453 and now ruled over Turkey, the Middle East, and parts of Africa and Asia. In Asia, India was under Muslim rule while Southeast Asia engaged in trade. China's powerful navy explored the Indian Ocean but later halted voyages to focus inward, while Japan remained independent. The Aztec Empire ruled Mesoamerica and the Inca Empire expanded in South America as Mayan civilization declined. Staple crops varied by region in Europe and population growth was fue
HIST_1301_Ch_1
1. Native peoples first arrived in North America over 15,000 years ago via the Bering Strait land bridge between Asia and North America. They built complex societies before European contact.
2. When Europeans arrived, they viewed Native peoples as savages and believed they did not truly own the land. This ignoring of Native land rights and sovereignty facilitated European colonization.
3. The first European powers to colonize were Spain and Portugal. They established global empires focused on extracting wealth, especially gold and silver, through the encomienda system of forced Native labor.
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During the period from 600 to 1450 CE, several major developments occurred globally. Large religions expanded their influence, while nomadic groups like the Bedouins and Mongols impacted many regions through migration and conquest. A new religion, Islam, arose and spread widely. Empires developed in Mesoamerica, South America, China, and parts of Africa and West Asia. Long distance trade intensified along routes like the Silk Road and Indian Ocean, connecting diverse regions and cultures. The Crusades brought Europeans into global trade networks, and the vast Mongol Empire briefly united much of Eurasia before eventually fracturing.
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This document summarizes the major developments in global communication and exchange between 1450-1750. Key points include:
- For the first time, the Eastern and Western hemispheres were connected through European exploration and colonization, reshaping global trade networks and spreading people, crops, diseases, and religions worldwide.
- European maritime powers like Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and Britain established global naval empires and trading routes, connecting the continents through both trade and forced labor systems.
- The global exchange of goods, crops, commodities, technologies, and peoples through these expanded networks profoundly impacted societies and economies around the world, giving rise to new political systems, labor demands, ethnic groups, and long-distance
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This document provides an overview of the state of different regions in 1492, on the eve of Columbus' voyage. It describes that Europe was divided into small states, Portugal had recently begun exploring westward, and Spain was unified under Ferdinand and Isabella. It continues by outlining the political situations in regions like Turkey, Africa, India, China, Japan, the Americas, and the major civilizations and traditions that existed globally at that time. Finally, it notes that Western Europe had begun to make better use of contacts between societies than other parts of Eurasia.
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The document discusses Native American, West African, and European societies prior to contact between the Old World and New World in 1492. It describes the political, social, and economic structures of these societies, including advanced civilizations in Mesoamerica and West Africa. Upon contact, European diseases devastated Native American populations while European powers conquered empires like the Aztecs and Incas. The Columbian Exchange introduced new crops, livestock, and diseases globally in one of the most consequential events in human history. European nations then competed to establish colonies in North America.
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By 1492, Europe was made up of smaller states that were starting to combine into larger countries. Istanbul was a large city in the Ottoman Empire that controlled much of southeastern Europe, North Africa and western Asia. India had a very tolerant society with open courts that accepted Hindus, Muslims, Jains, Christians and Buddhists. In 15th century China, the government sent large naval expeditions for exploration but later forbade merchants from traveling abroad. The Aztecs and Incas had advanced empires in the Americas with impressive cities, trade networks, and communication systems. Wheat was a staple crop in Europe but yields were low and crops were easily ruined, while rice supported large populations in Asia. Gunpowder allowed
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The document discusses the period of global interactions between 1450-1750, including the increased connections between hemispheres through trade networks, the spread of crops, diseases, and religion through the Columbian Exchange, and the rise of colonial empires in Africa, Asia, and the Americas involving plantation economies using slave labor and the growth of the African slave trade. Major African empires like Oyo, Benin, Kongo, and Asante expanded through trade and centralized rule while controlling important commodities.
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- European exploration and the age of discovery, including Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French and English colonial expansion.
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This document provides an overview of major global developments between 1450-1750, including the rise of trade, empires, and cross-cultural exchange. Key events summarized are the decline of the Ming Dynasty in China and its conquest by the Manchu Qing Dynasty; the unification of Japan under the Tokugawa Shogunate and its turn to isolationism; and the growth and eventual stagnation of large land-based empires like the Ottomans, Mughals, and Russians. European powers increasingly explored overseas and established global colonial empires, introducing new crops, commodities and beliefs around the world.
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