Osteichthyes
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Bony fish, also known as Osteichthyes, are the largest group of fish species in existence today, with over 29,000 species. They have bones and are characterized by having tough skin and scales in most species. Bony fish include both ray-finned fish, the most common type of fish alive today, and lobe-finned fish, which are the ancestors of amphibians.
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Mollusca
This document provides an overview of the phylum Mollusca. It discusses that Mollusca is divided into 8 classes, with the most diversity found in Gastropoda and Bivalvia. The key characteristics of molluscs are described, including their versatile body plan, mantle, visceral mass, and shell. The general anatomy and functions of molluscan systems like respiration, circulation, feeding, and reproduction are also summarized. Details are then provided on the defining features of major molluscan classes, including Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda.
Phylum mollusca
The document describes key characteristics of the phylum Mollusca. It includes information on their anatomy, physiology and taxonomy. Some key points are:
- Molluscs are soft-bodied or shelled animals including snails, slugs, clams, squid and octopuses.
- They have a mantle, visceral mass, and in most cases a shell secreted by the mantle.
- Major classes include gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods, chitons and others.
- Life cycles typically involve a trochophore larva, veliger larva and indirect development to adulthood.
Class Osteichthyes (Bony Fishes)
The class Osteichthyes includes all fish that have bones in their skeletons. It is the largest class of vertebrates currently existing. Osteichthyes have skeletons made of bone, scales, bony opercula covering the gills, and lungs or swim bladders. They are primarily cold-blooded. The class is divided into two subclasses: Actinopterygii, which includes the ray-finned fishes that have fins without muscles lobes; and Sarcopterygii, which includes the lobe-finned fishes that have muscular lobes associated with their fins and usually use lungs for gas exchange.
Digestive system of reptiles
Most reptiles are carnivorous, with adaptations for capturing and swallowing prey. Snakes have highly mobile skulls and jaws that allow them to swallow prey larger than their heads. Their backward-pointing teeth and forward-positioned glottis enable swallowing. Some snakes like vipers have hollow fangs connected to venom glands, while rear-fanged snakes' grooved teeth channel venom. Venoms range from neurotoxins in cobras to hemotoxins in vipers.
Fish Migration
Fish migration occurs for various reasons such as finding new habitats, feeding, reproduction, and escaping predators. There are several types of fish migration defined by distance, direction, and purpose. Anadromous fish migrate from salt water to fresh water to spawn, like salmon, while catadromous fish do the opposite, migrating from fresh to salt water to spawn. Potamodromous fish migrate within fresh water systems. Oceanodromous fish migrate long distances within salt water environments. Physical, chemical, and biological factors influence fish migration patterns. Migration allows fish to access new food sources and breeding habitats but also carries risks.
Vertebrates class
A vertebrate is an animal with a spinal cord surrounded by cartilage or bone. The word comes from vertebrae, the bones that make up the spine. Animals that are not vertebrates are called invertebrates. Vertebrates include birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals
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Swim bladder
The document discusses the swim bladder, or air bladder, of fish. It is an internal gas-filled organ that contributes to a fish's ability to control buoyancy. There are two types - physostomous, which is directly connected to the digestive tract, and physoclistous, which is not connected. The basic structure includes a sac-like shape with two layers, an epidermis and endodermis. The swim bladder varies in shape and size between fish species and allows fish to rise and sink in water by increasing or decreasing the volume of gas inside without changing mass. Its key functions are to act as a hydrostatic organ, adjustable float, aid in respiration, produce sound, and maintain the fish's
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Mollusca
This document provides an overview of the phylum Mollusca. It discusses that Mollusca is divided into 8 classes, with the most diversity found in Gastropoda and Bivalvia. The key characteristics of molluscs are described, including their versatile body plan, mantle, visceral mass, and shell. The general anatomy and functions of molluscan systems like respiration, circulation, feeding, and reproduction are also summarized. Details are then provided on the defining features of major molluscan classes, including Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda.
Phylum mollusca
The document describes key characteristics of the phylum Mollusca. It includes information on their anatomy, physiology and taxonomy. Some key points are:
- Molluscs are soft-bodied or shelled animals including snails, slugs, clams, squid and octopuses.
- They have a mantle, visceral mass, and in most cases a shell secreted by the mantle.
- Major classes include gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods, chitons and others.
- Life cycles typically involve a trochophore larva, veliger larva and indirect development to adulthood.
Class Osteichthyes (Bony Fishes)
The class Osteichthyes includes all fish that have bones in their skeletons. It is the largest class of vertebrates currently existing. Osteichthyes have skeletons made of bone, scales, bony opercula covering the gills, and lungs or swim bladders. They are primarily cold-blooded. The class is divided into two subclasses: Actinopterygii, which includes the ray-finned fishes that have fins without muscles lobes; and Sarcopterygii, which includes the lobe-finned fishes that have muscular lobes associated with their fins and usually use lungs for gas exchange.
Digestive system of reptiles
Most reptiles are carnivorous, with adaptations for capturing and swallowing prey. Snakes have highly mobile skulls and jaws that allow them to swallow prey larger than their heads. Their backward-pointing teeth and forward-positioned glottis enable swallowing. Some snakes like vipers have hollow fangs connected to venom glands, while rear-fanged snakes' grooved teeth channel venom. Venoms range from neurotoxins in cobras to hemotoxins in vipers.
Fish Migration
Fish migration occurs for various reasons such as finding new habitats, feeding, reproduction, and escaping predators. There are several types of fish migration defined by distance, direction, and purpose. Anadromous fish migrate from salt water to fresh water to spawn, like salmon, while catadromous fish do the opposite, migrating from fresh to salt water to spawn. Potamodromous fish migrate within fresh water systems. Oceanodromous fish migrate long distances within salt water environments. Physical, chemical, and biological factors influence fish migration patterns. Migration allows fish to access new food sources and breeding habitats but also carries risks.
Vertebrates class
A vertebrate is an animal with a spinal cord surrounded by cartilage or bone. The word comes from vertebrae, the bones that make up the spine. Animals that are not vertebrates are called invertebrates. Vertebrates include birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals
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Swim bladder
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across the outer membrane of the tubule. Water follows these ions
into the tubule and carries amino acids, sugars, and some nitrogenous
wastes along passively. Some water, ions, and organic compounds are
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waste prior to waste elimination. ( b ) Coxal gland muscles attach to the
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fl uid fl ow (black arrows) by contracting and relaxing along the tubular
duct. Water and solutes are reabsorbed along the tubular duct.
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Malpighian Tubules. Malpighian tubules remove nitrogenous wastes
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across the outer membrane of the tubule. Water follows these ions
into the tubule and carries amino acids, sugars, and some nitrogenous
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Torsion in gastropoda
1. Torsion is a twisting of parts of the body that occurs during development in gastropods. This causes the mantle cavity and pallial complex to shift to the front of the body.
2. Specifically, the visceral hump and pallial complex undergo a 180 degree anti-clockwise rotation, bringing the mantle cavity and anus to the front. This changes the gastropod body from bilateral to asymmetrical.
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1) Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates that can live both on land and in water. They have four limbs and lungs as adults.
2) Amphibians are classified into three subclasses: Labyrinthodontia, Lepospondyli, and Lissamphibia.
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His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
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The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
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Osteichthyes
- 1. “Bony Fish”
- 2. Osteichthyes from the Greek Word “Osteon” (a bone) and “ichthys” (a fish).
- 3. Are the taxonomic group of fishes that have bones. It is the largest species in existence today. ** Over 29,000 species**
- 9. Most bony fish have a tough skin. Most of them have scales.
- 12. Also known as the Actinopterygii. These are the most present day fish
- 14. Also known as the Sarcopterygii. **They are the ancestors of Amphibians.**
- 21. swimmers move to food escape predator
- 22. To reduce drag. • by using or doing FUSIFORM
- 23. Moving tail side by side.