Orthopedic surgery deals with conditions of the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use surgical and non-surgical methods to treat degenerative diseases, tumors, sports injuries, congenital disorders, and musculoskeletal trauma. Diagnostic tools used include digital x-rays, CT scans, fluoroscopy, electrodiagnostic testing, and MRI. Surgeries involve adding materials like screws, wires, and prosthetics to repair bones and connective tissue. Rehabilitation after surgery may include medication, exercises, physical therapy, and preventing injury and infection. Celebrities who have had orthopedic surgery include Lance Armstrong, Peyton Manning, Dara Torres, Tom Brady, and Princess Eugenie.

1. Orthopedic Surgery

2. Orthopedics is a branch of
surgery that deals with
the conditions of the
musculoskeletal system

3. It is an organ system which gives ability to move
muscles and skeletal systems.
Orthopaedic surgeons use both surgical and
nonsurgical methods
Orthopedics cure varied conditions such as
degenerative diseases, tumors, sports injuries,
congenital disorders and muscle skeletal trauma

4. Surgeries
Hand surgery
Shoulder and elbow
surgery
Total joint reconstruction
Pediatric orthopedics
Foot and ankle surgery
Spine surgery
Musculoskeletal oncology
Surgical sports medicine
Orthopedic trauma

5. Symptoms
Attempts to correct problems that arise in the
Skeleton and its attachments
Ligaments and tendons
Problems of the nervous system
Injury of the spine
Occur at birth
Through injury (hand, wrist, shoulder, knee and etc.)
Result of aging.
They may be acute or chronic, as in many problems related to aging.

6. Diagnosis
Digital X-rays - a method for
measuring bone mineral density they
provide larger, clearer images that
result in a more accurate diagnosis.
Computed tomography (CT) scan - is
a medical imaging procedure that
utilizes computer-processed X-rays to
produce tomographic images of
specific areas of the body. It is
integrated to show bones and soft
tissue with greater detail and clarity. It
is used to visualize injuries to bones
and surrounding soft tissues such as
tendons, ligaments, and muscles.

7. Diagnosis
Fluoroscopy - is an imaging technique
that uses X-rays to obtain real-time
moving images of the internal
structures of a patient. Fluoroscopy is
used during surgery, most often when
repairing fractures or operating on
the spine.
Electrodiagnostic testing – is a
method of obtaining information
about diseases by measuring the
speed and degree of electrical activity
within the nerves and muscles of body
parts.

8. Diagnosis
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
–is a medical imaging technique used
to visualise internal structure of body
in detail
Blood tests - to examine your
psychological and biochemical
statues, to determine infections
present, or how a specific organ is
functioning in your body

9. Work Involved
Much of the work involves adding
foreign material to the body in
the form of
screws, wires, pins, tongs, and
prosthetics to hold damaged
bones in their proper alignment
or to replace damaged bone or
connective tissue

10. Risk in surgery
Risk of excessive bleeding
Infection
Clotting of blood
Neurologic diseases
Allergic reaction to anaesthesia
Damage to nerves or to the
spinal cord

11. Rehabilitation
Medication
Exercises
Restore movement
Physical therapy
Massage therapy
Prevent injury and
infection
Nutrition and diet

12. Results
Normal result depends upon
individual age and general health
Abnormal result include persistent
pain, swelling, redness, drainage or
bleeding in the surgical area,
surgical wound infection resulting in
slow healing, and incomplete
restoration of pre-surgical function.

13. Celebrities orthopedic surgery
Some of the celebrities who have
had different orthopedic surgery
Lance Armstrong - a professional
cyclist, injured his shoulder in a
cycling crash in Spain in 2009,
sustained a clavicle fracture. He
opted for a treatment to
surgically repair the clavicle
fracture.

14. Peyton Manning - a
professional football
player had recurrent
problems with cervical disc
herniation and underwent
neck surgery just prior to the
start of the 2011 football
season.

15. Dara Grace Torres - The
American swimmer and a
12 time Olympic medalist
had to undergo many
corrective surgeries on
her shoulders and knees
and cartilage transplant in
order to combat severe
arthritis in 2010.

16. Tom Brady - A
professional football
player, injured in the first
game of the season in
2008 sustained an ACL
tear and subsequently
require surgical
treatment for this injury.

17. Princess Eugenie - suffered
from curvature of the
spine and needed
immediate medical
attention. Eight inch long
pins were placed in her
back during an eight hour
operation which meant
that she spent three days
in intensive care.

18. Donovan McNabb - a professional football player had a problem
of groin pain due to a sports hernia, is a weakening of the
muscles of the abdominal wall. He underwent surgery.
Hideki Matsui - an outfielder for the New York Yankees. He was
injured while catching a fly ball when he sustained a broken wrist
in 2006. He underwent surgical treatment where pins were
placed to hold the broken bones in proper position.
Gwyneth Paltrow - an American actress she sustained a tibial
plateau fracture. The tibial plateau is the top of the shin bone,
and fractures of this part of the bone can affect the knee joint.
underwent surgery to realign the tibial plateau