The document discusses the origins and early development of cultural nationalism and Gaelic organizations in Ireland in the late 19th century. It describes how the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) was founded in 1884 by Michael Cusack and others to preserve traditional Irish sports like hurling and Gaelic football. It also discusses how the Gaelic League was established in 1893 by Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill to promote the Irish language. Both organizations grew rapidly and helped foster Irish culture and nationalism.