The document summarizes J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels and their critique of celebrity culture on two levels - the affectivity of celebrity culture and the commodification of cultural celebrities. While the novels indict these aspects of celebrity, they also rely on celebrity culture for their own success, representing a paradox in Rowling's critique. The novels establish Harry's constant quest for real virtue over celebrity status as he rejects the emotional reactions his fame provokes. They also condemn inauthentic celebrities like Gilderoy Lockhart who is artificially manufactured for profit.
This document defines and explains several key media studies terms:
- Archetype refers to an original pattern or model that other similar things are based on.
- Hegemony describes how dominant social groups maintain power and control not just through coercion but by making their values seem normal and natural.
- Realism in media refers to accurately representing things as they really are through details like sounds and realistic human reactions.
This document provides an overview of various theoretical frameworks for analyzing images in advertising, including semiotics, psychoanalysis, sociology, Marxism, myth theory, and feminism. It discusses how meaning is constructed through an image's context and intended purpose, as well as how viewers interpret images. Specific techniques are outlined for analyzing design elements, narrative, representation of gender, and power dynamics in ads. The influence of the "male gaze" and panopticon concept of disciplinary power through constant surveillance are also summarized. Overall, the document introduces different lenses for deconstructing ideological messages and social control functions of advertising images.
Theories of Media Representation refers to how media constructs and presents versions of reality to audiences. All representations are constructions that show one perspective, not objective reality. Key thinkers like Marx, the Birmingham School, Hall, and Lacan viewed representation as a process involving power dynamics between media producers and audiences. Representation raises questions about whose perspectives are included or excluded in media and how audiences interpret these encodings.
The purpose of autobiography is: the recreation, the nostalgic or not-so-nostalgic closure, or the simple delineation, of a life. This is without doubt, at least for me. But it is also much else and many writers describe the purpose of autobiography and of its several country-cousins: memoirs, diary or journal writing and even essays and poetry. A search for some clearer understanding of the autobiographer’s identity is a commonly found aim in the now massive literature on the subject of why autobiographers write. For some autobiographers of a scientific bent their work is animated by the purpose of proving that their lives are ultimately purposeless. The philosopher Alfred North Whitehead states, with his tongue in his cheek in his book The Function of Reason, that the examination of such autobiographies would constitute an interesting subject for study. My autobiography, in contrast, is animated by a significant sense of purpose and by a meta-narrative in which I do not possess an incredulity. Mine would not therefore be among those that Whitehead might find interesting in that context.
Representation in 'After Hours':Theory RevisionEllieWeedon
The document discusses several film and media theories and how they relate to the short film "After Hours". It summarizes how the film uses shortcuts to represent characters without lengthy introductions. It also examines how the film challenges social constructionist views of gender and success. Finally, it analyzes how the film's narrative structure fits Todorov's theory of narrative patterns and contains postmodern elements that critique modernist ideologies.
Austin Miller Writing Sample - A Cultural Analysis of HipsterismAustin Miller
This document analyzes hipster culture through the lens of Socality Barbie, an Instagram parody account. It begins by describing the viral popularity of Socality Barbie in 2015, noting she parodied common hipster Instagram themes. It then discusses how the account name referenced a Christian social movement called Socality. The creator intended Socality Barbie to poke fun at how hipsters on Instagram all took similar photos. The document will examine themes of hipsterism, contextualize Socality Barbie within these themes, and critique modern hipster culture. It provides an overview of how the definition of "hipster" has evolved over time from 1930s black jazz culture to today's stereotypical white, urban hipster living in
The document discusses various concepts related to representation in media including:
- How media mediate our view of reality rather than reflect it directly
- How different media like TV, newspapers, websites can construct reality rather than just reflect it
- Definitions of representation as the construction of aspects of reality rather than just reflections
- How representations in media are influenced by culture and social norms rather than being completely objective
- How our sense of reality is increasingly structured through narrative forms in media
A level media theory knowledge organiser with examMrSouthworth
This document summarizes key concepts and theories from media studies, covering semiotics, narratology, genre theory, structuralism, postmodernism, representation, identity, feminism, audience reception, and media industries. It outlines important ideas from thinkers such as Roland Barthes, Tzvetan Todorov, Steve Neale, Stuart Hall, David Gauntlett, Judith Butler, Paul Gilroy, Albert Bandura, George Gerbner, Henry Jenkins, and David Hesmondhalgh. The concepts discussed include how meaning is constructed through signs and codes, how narratives and genres function, how identity and representation work, how audiences interpret media, and the political and economic contexts of media production and regulation.
This document defines and explains several key media studies terms:
- Archetype refers to an original pattern or model that other similar things are based on.
- Hegemony describes how dominant social groups maintain power and control not just through coercion but by making their values seem normal and natural.
- Realism in media refers to accurately representing things as they really are through details like sounds and realistic human reactions.
This document provides an overview of various theoretical frameworks for analyzing images in advertising, including semiotics, psychoanalysis, sociology, Marxism, myth theory, and feminism. It discusses how meaning is constructed through an image's context and intended purpose, as well as how viewers interpret images. Specific techniques are outlined for analyzing design elements, narrative, representation of gender, and power dynamics in ads. The influence of the "male gaze" and panopticon concept of disciplinary power through constant surveillance are also summarized. Overall, the document introduces different lenses for deconstructing ideological messages and social control functions of advertising images.
Theories of Media Representation refers to how media constructs and presents versions of reality to audiences. All representations are constructions that show one perspective, not objective reality. Key thinkers like Marx, the Birmingham School, Hall, and Lacan viewed representation as a process involving power dynamics between media producers and audiences. Representation raises questions about whose perspectives are included or excluded in media and how audiences interpret these encodings.
The purpose of autobiography is: the recreation, the nostalgic or not-so-nostalgic closure, or the simple delineation, of a life. This is without doubt, at least for me. But it is also much else and many writers describe the purpose of autobiography and of its several country-cousins: memoirs, diary or journal writing and even essays and poetry. A search for some clearer understanding of the autobiographer’s identity is a commonly found aim in the now massive literature on the subject of why autobiographers write. For some autobiographers of a scientific bent their work is animated by the purpose of proving that their lives are ultimately purposeless. The philosopher Alfred North Whitehead states, with his tongue in his cheek in his book The Function of Reason, that the examination of such autobiographies would constitute an interesting subject for study. My autobiography, in contrast, is animated by a significant sense of purpose and by a meta-narrative in which I do not possess an incredulity. Mine would not therefore be among those that Whitehead might find interesting in that context.
Representation in 'After Hours':Theory RevisionEllieWeedon
The document discusses several film and media theories and how they relate to the short film "After Hours". It summarizes how the film uses shortcuts to represent characters without lengthy introductions. It also examines how the film challenges social constructionist views of gender and success. Finally, it analyzes how the film's narrative structure fits Todorov's theory of narrative patterns and contains postmodern elements that critique modernist ideologies.
Austin Miller Writing Sample - A Cultural Analysis of HipsterismAustin Miller
This document analyzes hipster culture through the lens of Socality Barbie, an Instagram parody account. It begins by describing the viral popularity of Socality Barbie in 2015, noting she parodied common hipster Instagram themes. It then discusses how the account name referenced a Christian social movement called Socality. The creator intended Socality Barbie to poke fun at how hipsters on Instagram all took similar photos. The document will examine themes of hipsterism, contextualize Socality Barbie within these themes, and critique modern hipster culture. It provides an overview of how the definition of "hipster" has evolved over time from 1930s black jazz culture to today's stereotypical white, urban hipster living in
The document discusses various concepts related to representation in media including:
- How media mediate our view of reality rather than reflect it directly
- How different media like TV, newspapers, websites can construct reality rather than just reflect it
- Definitions of representation as the construction of aspects of reality rather than just reflections
- How representations in media are influenced by culture and social norms rather than being completely objective
- How our sense of reality is increasingly structured through narrative forms in media
A level media theory knowledge organiser with examMrSouthworth
This document summarizes key concepts and theories from media studies, covering semiotics, narratology, genre theory, structuralism, postmodernism, representation, identity, feminism, audience reception, and media industries. It outlines important ideas from thinkers such as Roland Barthes, Tzvetan Todorov, Steve Neale, Stuart Hall, David Gauntlett, Judith Butler, Paul Gilroy, Albert Bandura, George Gerbner, Henry Jenkins, and David Hesmondhalgh. The concepts discussed include how meaning is constructed through signs and codes, how narratives and genres function, how identity and representation work, how audiences interpret media, and the political and economic contexts of media production and regulation.
Contesting nationalism & globalization: Cultural framing of citizenship educa...Wai-Kwok Wong
This document discusses how nationalism and globalization frame citizenship education and how they can be culturally reframed. Nationalism tends to promote a bounded understanding of the state but can be reframed to respect personal experiences and differences. Globalization is often framed around material goods but can acknowledge cultural relativism and inclusion of migrants. Cultural reframing of these concepts aims to challenge dominant versions and foster inclusion of everyday experiences in shaping citizenship education.
The lead paragraph introduces that counterfeiting has reached epidemic proportions globally, estimated at 7-10% of world trade. In South Africa, counterfeiting is a relatively new problem that has grown due to increased availability of international brands and more porous borders after apartheid.
Most counterfeit goods come from China, where brand protection is new and factories produce genuine goods, making copying easier. Increased digital access has also fueled the spread of counterfeits to all consumer product categories.
While some argue that counterfeiting does not hurt wealthy brands, the real effects are job losses - Mexico lost 480,000 footwear industry jobs due to counterfeits. The counterfeiting industry is also linked to organized crime
The document discusses the meaning and significance of Christ's atonement. It explains that Christ's death on the cross was a substitutionary sacrifice that reconciled sinful man to a holy God. His one-time sacrifice was sufficient to atone for sins forever, in contrast to the annual atonement sacrifices under the Old Testament. To appropriate the benefits of Christ's atonement, one must acknowledge their sin, submit to Christ as Savior, and accept Him by faith. The doctrine of atonement concludes that Jesus is the only means of salvation.
Good Times or Bad Times for Globalization? Highlights from the Depth Index of...Pankaj Ghemawat
Is it the best of times or the worst of times for globalization? The 2013 Depth Index of Globalization (DIG) reveals that overall, globalization’s post-crisis recovery stalled in 2012. The DIG uses hard data to rank 139 countries on the depth of international trade, capital, information and people flows, and it provides insights into the future course of globalization. Visit http://www.ghemawat.com/dig for the full 2013 DIG report and other resources.
The Development Of Cultural Nationalismsamuel valko
The development of cultural nationalism in Ireland in the 1890s was a reaction against modernization and a search for cultural identity. Constitutional nationalism had been associated with modernization, alienating the growing petty bourgeoisie class. Cultural nationalism provided an opportunity for women and lower middle classes to engage in politics. The Gaelic League, founded in 1893, successfully promoted the Irish language and culture as a way to develop a distinct Irish national identity and appeal to various classes and religions, amid the failure of constitutional nationalism and growth of the petty bourgeoisie class seeking cultural roots and political engagement.
A divine smile dr alain methot digital smile design creatorStacy Leblanc
1) The document describes an "Intellectual Passport" system that is designed to protect the intellectual property rights of inventors. It provides inventors with copyright on their work, business forecasts for commercializing their inventions, and sample contracts.
2) The system is based on an "original operating code" called the Conventional Identification and Valuation Dossier that identifies works with their authors and values associated commercial projects. It requires adhering to a chronological order of creation, invention, and innovation.
3) Completing a book in the Intellectual Passport collection allows authors of original concepts to negotiate rights to develop their creations while being freed from financial burdens, opening possibilities to partner with companies internationally
Nations are defined by a combination of cultural and political factors. Culturally, they are groups of people who are bound together by a common language, religion, history and traditions. Ultimately, however, nations define themselves through the existence of a shared civic consciousness, classically expressed as the desire to achieve or maintain statehood.
Distinctive cultural and political forms of nationalism can be identified. Cultural nationalism emphasizes the regeneration of the nation as a distinctive civilization on the basis of a belief in the nation as a unique, historical and organic whole. Political nationalism, on the other hand, recognizes the nation as a discrete political com munity, and is thus linked with ideas such as sovereignty and self-determination
There have been a number of contrasting manifestations of political nationalism. Liberal nationalism is based on a belief in a universal right to self-determination. Conservative nationalism values the capacity of national patriotism to deliver social cohesion and political unity. Expansionist nationalism is a vehicle for aggression and imperial conquest. Anticolonial nationalism is associated with the struggle for national liberation, often fused with the quest for social development
The nation-state now confronts a number of challenges. Nation-states have been subject to centrifugal pressures generated by the growth in ethnic politics. Extern ally, they have confronted challenges from the growing power of supranational bodies, the advance of economic and cultural globalization, and the need to find international solutions to the environmental crisis
The document discusses the origins and early development of cultural nationalism and Gaelic organizations in Ireland in the late 19th century. It describes how the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) was founded in 1884 by Michael Cusack and others to preserve traditional Irish sports like hurling and Gaelic football. It also discusses how the Gaelic League was established in 1893 by Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill to promote the Irish language. Both organizations grew rapidly and helped foster Irish culture and nationalism.
The document discusses different indicators used to measure and compare levels of development between countries. It outlines social indicators related to quality of life and economic indicators related to wealth. Examples of specific indicators provided include GNP per capita, literacy rates, infant mortality rates, and percentage of population employed in farming. The document also compares indicator data between the UK and Bangladesh to illustrate differences between more and less economically developed countries.
This document provides an introduction to the course PPATH 503: Epidemiology and Forecasting of plant disease. It defines key epidemiological concepts such as epidemic, epidemiology, monocyclic and polycyclic pathogens. It discusses how host, pathogen and environmental factors influence disease development. It also examines the history of epidemiology from ancient times to modern developments. Disease progress curves and mathematical modeling of epidemics are introduced.
This document provides background information on the Lang-ay Festival held annually in Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines. It discusses the festival's origins in 2005 as a way to boost tourism and showcase Igorot culture. The author details their methodology of using ethnographic research methods like participant observation and interviews during festival visits in 2009 and 2013. The goal is to document changes in the appropriation of cultural practices, tourism impacts, and institutional support over time. Outcomes will include a digital archive of festival performances and a research paper analyzing issues of hybridization, appropriation, and commodification of Igorot culture through this festival.
This document discusses cultural imperialism, post-colonialism, and their relationship to media. It defines cultural imperialism as one culture dominating another through military, economic, technological, or media influence. Post-colonialism examines media through the lens of colonialism's aftermath. The document argues that Western media, like Hollywood films, can spread Western culture and values globally, functioning as a tool of cultural imperialism. It provides examples of how British colonial rule influenced cultures and how the U.S. culture dominates through media like film.
This document discusses the concept of acculturation, which refers to how individuals adapt when interacting with cultures different than their own. It defines acculturation as culture change that occurs through contact between two populations. Factors like language usage, social relationships, and religious beliefs can be used to assess levels of acculturation. John Berry's model of acculturation identifies four acculturation strategies individuals may use: integration, separation, marginalization, and assimilation. The document also discusses acculturative stress that can occur during cultural adaptation and implications for psychological assessment and treatment when working with clients from different cultures.
The document discusses various indicators used to measure economic development in developing countries, including GDP per capita, life expectancy, literacy rates, and poverty rates. It compares these indicators between the UK, Ghana, and Zambia, finding much higher rates of GDP per capita, life expectancy, and literacy in the UK. While these indicators are related, the relationships are complex and countries can vary widely. Overall, the document examines differences in development levels between regions like Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was conceived in 1944 and established in 1945 with 45 founding member countries. The IMF works to improve the economies of its member countries and oversees the global financial system by monitoring members' macroeconomic policies. It aims to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development through loans that require liberalizing economic policies. The IMF provides short-term loans to countries having balance of payments problems and is headquartered in Washington D.C.
Sustainable Development Webinar Series: SD 101EOTO World
This webinar provided an overview of sustainable development and how youth can get involved. It defined sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Sustainable development involves balancing environmental protection, economic growth, and social equality. The webinar discussed the three pillars of sustainable development - environment, economy and society. It emphasized that youth have an important role to play by advocating for sustainable policies that will shape their future. The webinar equipped participants with talking points about sustainable development and tips for spreading awareness to others.
The World Bank is an international organization that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for programs aimed at reducing poverty. It was established in 1944 and has 185 member countries. The World Bank aims to reduce poverty through lending, grants, analytical services, and capacity building for projects related to agriculture, education, health, and other sectors. However, critics argue that the World Bank promotes Western interests and lacks transparency and democratic decision making.
Globalization refers to the increasing flow of goods, services, capital, people, information and ideas across national borders. It has led to nearly $23 trillion in annual imports and exports and influences many aspects of daily life through products from various countries. However, globalization also raises issues such as the use of sweatshops with poor working conditions and low pay as well as increasing global inequality between rich and poor nations. [END SUMMARY]
The document discusses globalization and how technology promotes it. Globalization is defined as the standardization of everyday life worldwide through the spread of ideas and commodities. Technology tools like social media, video chatting, and email allow people all over the world to communicate and share information instantly. This connectivity has opened up educational opportunities for students by giving them access to more in-depth global information. Places that used to seem distant can now be experienced virtually through technology with the click of a button.
The document discusses growth and development from several perspectives. It defines growth as an increase in size due to cell multiplication, while development refers to functional and behavioral maturation. Several theories of development are summarized, including Freud's psychosexual stages, Erikson's psychosocial stages, and Piaget's cognitive stages. Key aspects of normal growth and development in infancy are outlined, such as gross and fine motor milestones, language development, and the establishment of social relationships.
This document summarizes Richard Dyer's analysis of stereotypes from his work "The Role of Stereotypes". Dyer examines Walter Lippmann's definition of stereotypes as necessary cognitive shortcuts but also notes their tendency to present order as absolute and reflect the power relations of society. Stereotypes invoke a false consensus while expressing the values and traditions of dominant social groups. They make invisible social categories visible and draw firm boundaries where in reality there are none, serving to maintain the status quo.
Contesting nationalism & globalization: Cultural framing of citizenship educa...Wai-Kwok Wong
This document discusses how nationalism and globalization frame citizenship education and how they can be culturally reframed. Nationalism tends to promote a bounded understanding of the state but can be reframed to respect personal experiences and differences. Globalization is often framed around material goods but can acknowledge cultural relativism and inclusion of migrants. Cultural reframing of these concepts aims to challenge dominant versions and foster inclusion of everyday experiences in shaping citizenship education.
The lead paragraph introduces that counterfeiting has reached epidemic proportions globally, estimated at 7-10% of world trade. In South Africa, counterfeiting is a relatively new problem that has grown due to increased availability of international brands and more porous borders after apartheid.
Most counterfeit goods come from China, where brand protection is new and factories produce genuine goods, making copying easier. Increased digital access has also fueled the spread of counterfeits to all consumer product categories.
While some argue that counterfeiting does not hurt wealthy brands, the real effects are job losses - Mexico lost 480,000 footwear industry jobs due to counterfeits. The counterfeiting industry is also linked to organized crime
The document discusses the meaning and significance of Christ's atonement. It explains that Christ's death on the cross was a substitutionary sacrifice that reconciled sinful man to a holy God. His one-time sacrifice was sufficient to atone for sins forever, in contrast to the annual atonement sacrifices under the Old Testament. To appropriate the benefits of Christ's atonement, one must acknowledge their sin, submit to Christ as Savior, and accept Him by faith. The doctrine of atonement concludes that Jesus is the only means of salvation.
Good Times or Bad Times for Globalization? Highlights from the Depth Index of...Pankaj Ghemawat
Is it the best of times or the worst of times for globalization? The 2013 Depth Index of Globalization (DIG) reveals that overall, globalization’s post-crisis recovery stalled in 2012. The DIG uses hard data to rank 139 countries on the depth of international trade, capital, information and people flows, and it provides insights into the future course of globalization. Visit http://www.ghemawat.com/dig for the full 2013 DIG report and other resources.
The Development Of Cultural Nationalismsamuel valko
The development of cultural nationalism in Ireland in the 1890s was a reaction against modernization and a search for cultural identity. Constitutional nationalism had been associated with modernization, alienating the growing petty bourgeoisie class. Cultural nationalism provided an opportunity for women and lower middle classes to engage in politics. The Gaelic League, founded in 1893, successfully promoted the Irish language and culture as a way to develop a distinct Irish national identity and appeal to various classes and religions, amid the failure of constitutional nationalism and growth of the petty bourgeoisie class seeking cultural roots and political engagement.
A divine smile dr alain methot digital smile design creatorStacy Leblanc
1) The document describes an "Intellectual Passport" system that is designed to protect the intellectual property rights of inventors. It provides inventors with copyright on their work, business forecasts for commercializing their inventions, and sample contracts.
2) The system is based on an "original operating code" called the Conventional Identification and Valuation Dossier that identifies works with their authors and values associated commercial projects. It requires adhering to a chronological order of creation, invention, and innovation.
3) Completing a book in the Intellectual Passport collection allows authors of original concepts to negotiate rights to develop their creations while being freed from financial burdens, opening possibilities to partner with companies internationally
Nations are defined by a combination of cultural and political factors. Culturally, they are groups of people who are bound together by a common language, religion, history and traditions. Ultimately, however, nations define themselves through the existence of a shared civic consciousness, classically expressed as the desire to achieve or maintain statehood.
Distinctive cultural and political forms of nationalism can be identified. Cultural nationalism emphasizes the regeneration of the nation as a distinctive civilization on the basis of a belief in the nation as a unique, historical and organic whole. Political nationalism, on the other hand, recognizes the nation as a discrete political com munity, and is thus linked with ideas such as sovereignty and self-determination
There have been a number of contrasting manifestations of political nationalism. Liberal nationalism is based on a belief in a universal right to self-determination. Conservative nationalism values the capacity of national patriotism to deliver social cohesion and political unity. Expansionist nationalism is a vehicle for aggression and imperial conquest. Anticolonial nationalism is associated with the struggle for national liberation, often fused with the quest for social development
The nation-state now confronts a number of challenges. Nation-states have been subject to centrifugal pressures generated by the growth in ethnic politics. Extern ally, they have confronted challenges from the growing power of supranational bodies, the advance of economic and cultural globalization, and the need to find international solutions to the environmental crisis
The document discusses the origins and early development of cultural nationalism and Gaelic organizations in Ireland in the late 19th century. It describes how the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) was founded in 1884 by Michael Cusack and others to preserve traditional Irish sports like hurling and Gaelic football. It also discusses how the Gaelic League was established in 1893 by Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill to promote the Irish language. Both organizations grew rapidly and helped foster Irish culture and nationalism.
The document discusses different indicators used to measure and compare levels of development between countries. It outlines social indicators related to quality of life and economic indicators related to wealth. Examples of specific indicators provided include GNP per capita, literacy rates, infant mortality rates, and percentage of population employed in farming. The document also compares indicator data between the UK and Bangladesh to illustrate differences between more and less economically developed countries.
This document provides an introduction to the course PPATH 503: Epidemiology and Forecasting of plant disease. It defines key epidemiological concepts such as epidemic, epidemiology, monocyclic and polycyclic pathogens. It discusses how host, pathogen and environmental factors influence disease development. It also examines the history of epidemiology from ancient times to modern developments. Disease progress curves and mathematical modeling of epidemics are introduced.
This document provides background information on the Lang-ay Festival held annually in Bontoc, Mountain Province, Philippines. It discusses the festival's origins in 2005 as a way to boost tourism and showcase Igorot culture. The author details their methodology of using ethnographic research methods like participant observation and interviews during festival visits in 2009 and 2013. The goal is to document changes in the appropriation of cultural practices, tourism impacts, and institutional support over time. Outcomes will include a digital archive of festival performances and a research paper analyzing issues of hybridization, appropriation, and commodification of Igorot culture through this festival.
This document discusses cultural imperialism, post-colonialism, and their relationship to media. It defines cultural imperialism as one culture dominating another through military, economic, technological, or media influence. Post-colonialism examines media through the lens of colonialism's aftermath. The document argues that Western media, like Hollywood films, can spread Western culture and values globally, functioning as a tool of cultural imperialism. It provides examples of how British colonial rule influenced cultures and how the U.S. culture dominates through media like film.
This document discusses the concept of acculturation, which refers to how individuals adapt when interacting with cultures different than their own. It defines acculturation as culture change that occurs through contact between two populations. Factors like language usage, social relationships, and religious beliefs can be used to assess levels of acculturation. John Berry's model of acculturation identifies four acculturation strategies individuals may use: integration, separation, marginalization, and assimilation. The document also discusses acculturative stress that can occur during cultural adaptation and implications for psychological assessment and treatment when working with clients from different cultures.
The document discusses various indicators used to measure economic development in developing countries, including GDP per capita, life expectancy, literacy rates, and poverty rates. It compares these indicators between the UK, Ghana, and Zambia, finding much higher rates of GDP per capita, life expectancy, and literacy in the UK. While these indicators are related, the relationships are complex and countries can vary widely. Overall, the document examines differences in development levels between regions like Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was conceived in 1944 and established in 1945 with 45 founding member countries. The IMF works to improve the economies of its member countries and oversees the global financial system by monitoring members' macroeconomic policies. It aims to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development through loans that require liberalizing economic policies. The IMF provides short-term loans to countries having balance of payments problems and is headquartered in Washington D.C.
Sustainable Development Webinar Series: SD 101EOTO World
This webinar provided an overview of sustainable development and how youth can get involved. It defined sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Sustainable development involves balancing environmental protection, economic growth, and social equality. The webinar discussed the three pillars of sustainable development - environment, economy and society. It emphasized that youth have an important role to play by advocating for sustainable policies that will shape their future. The webinar equipped participants with talking points about sustainable development and tips for spreading awareness to others.
The World Bank is an international organization that provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for programs aimed at reducing poverty. It was established in 1944 and has 185 member countries. The World Bank aims to reduce poverty through lending, grants, analytical services, and capacity building for projects related to agriculture, education, health, and other sectors. However, critics argue that the World Bank promotes Western interests and lacks transparency and democratic decision making.
Globalization refers to the increasing flow of goods, services, capital, people, information and ideas across national borders. It has led to nearly $23 trillion in annual imports and exports and influences many aspects of daily life through products from various countries. However, globalization also raises issues such as the use of sweatshops with poor working conditions and low pay as well as increasing global inequality between rich and poor nations. [END SUMMARY]
The document discusses globalization and how technology promotes it. Globalization is defined as the standardization of everyday life worldwide through the spread of ideas and commodities. Technology tools like social media, video chatting, and email allow people all over the world to communicate and share information instantly. This connectivity has opened up educational opportunities for students by giving them access to more in-depth global information. Places that used to seem distant can now be experienced virtually through technology with the click of a button.
The document discusses growth and development from several perspectives. It defines growth as an increase in size due to cell multiplication, while development refers to functional and behavioral maturation. Several theories of development are summarized, including Freud's psychosexual stages, Erikson's psychosocial stages, and Piaget's cognitive stages. Key aspects of normal growth and development in infancy are outlined, such as gross and fine motor milestones, language development, and the establishment of social relationships.
This document summarizes Richard Dyer's analysis of stereotypes from his work "The Role of Stereotypes". Dyer examines Walter Lippmann's definition of stereotypes as necessary cognitive shortcuts but also notes their tendency to present order as absolute and reflect the power relations of society. Stereotypes invoke a false consensus while expressing the values and traditions of dominant social groups. They make invisible social categories visible and draw firm boundaries where in reality there are none, serving to maintain the status quo.
The movie The Invention of Lying explores social class through a world where lying does not exist. When down-on-his-luck writer Mark develops the ability to lie, he uses it to rise to fame, fortune, and the heart of the woman he loves. However, when Mark lies to comfort his dying mother by inventing the concept of heaven, religion, and an afterlife, it threatens the existing social order and scripts. The film examines how social class shapes identity and opportunities in society through ascribed and achieved statuses.
This document discusses several topics related to fan fiction and authorship within fandom communities:
- It discusses debates around whether fan fiction adds to or is only supplementary to the original fictional universe.
- It describes how some male fans have redefined stereotypes of fans from lonely basement dwellers to powerful visionaries in entertainment.
- It explores how the Harry Potter fandom online allowed youth to participate in non-heteronormative narratives and shape stories.
- It examines how fans attribute or deny authorship based on public personas and how much influence authors should have over textual interpretation.
This document discusses several theories related to media audiences:
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before seeking higher-level needs like belongingness and esteem. Harry Potter fits into the physiological needs level as the characters struggle for shelter in the woods.
- The hypodermic syringe theory viewed audiences as passive recipients who were directly influenced by media messages like an injection. Later research found audiences are more active in interpreting messages.
- Blumler and Katz identified four reasons for media use: entertainment, information, personal identity, and social interaction/integration.
- Audience pleasures can include physical reactions, voyeurism, puzzle-solving, disruption, living vicariously, and
Mass communication & media literacy 06Clive McGoun
The document discusses media representation and stereotyping. It defines key concepts like representation, archetypes, and stereotypes. It explains that media representations are selective and inform our understanding of groups. Representations encode certain ideologies and can reinforce dominant views in society. Stereotypes serve as shortcuts but can overgeneralize. New media has led to more diverse representations as video equipment has become cheaper and distribution networks expanded.
The document discusses popular culture and how it relates to the author's production work. It defines popular culture as cultural traits enjoyed by ordinary people rather than elites. Popular culture includes entertainment, sports, fashion and technology. The document also discusses how popular culture relates to ideology and Marxism, with popular culture seen as reflecting the power structures of economic systems. It explores how films can both reflect and influence culture, and how ideology works to naturalize certain perspectives. The author notes their short film will focus on the relationship between a father and daughter, and how the daughter's terminal illness affects their cultural roles and expectations within a patriarchal family system.
Aristotle, the Rhetoric, Book II - AudiencewritRHET -
The document discusses the concept of a rhetorical audience and identifies two dimensions - the factual audience and the fictional audience. The factual audience consists of the real people involved in the rhetorical situation who can be affected by it. The fictional audience is the image of the audience that the rhetor projects through their discourse to identify with and advance their purpose. A good way to understand both the factual and fictional audiences is to analyze how the rhetor describes, addresses, models, and portrays their relationship with the audience.
The document discusses representation in media and outlines several key theorists' perspectives on representation. It defines representation and discusses how representations have evolved over time. Several theorists are summarized, including their views that representations shape ideology and social order, and how gender and other groups are often represented through stereotypes that serve the interests of those in power. Later theorists discussed believe representations have replaced reality and audiences no longer distinguish between the two.
This document discusses social representations and empowerment from an indigenous perspective. It addresses key concepts like social distance and stigma, and how social representations shape our realities and communities. The document uses a cartoon and song lyrics to illustrate how media can portray empowering representations of indigenous cultures that help reduce social distance. Questions are raised about selecting representations and their impact, and whether cultures should have their own social psychologies reflecting their worldviews.
Essay on Good Manners | Good Manners Essay for Students and Children in .... Short Essay on Good Manners [100, 200, 400 Words] With PDF - English .... Good Manners Essay | 10 Lines, Short Essays & Paragraph for Students. ⭐ Essay on good manners for class 2. Good Manners Essay in English .... Essay on Good Manners In English / Good Manners Essay In English. Essay on good manners for class 2 - Google Docs. Essay on Good Manners 10 Lines: Unlock the Secret to Success. Paragraph on Good Manners in English for Students and Children. Good manners essay/Write an essay on Good Manners/Essay writing in .... Essay on Good Manners - Topessaywriter. Essay on "Good Manners" | Write an essay on "good manners" | essay .... Good manners important essay in 2021 | Essay, Essay writing ....
This is the theory revision I created for my A2 Media group a couple of years ago. There is some general narrative theory, Media theory Laura Mulvey etc and Racial Representation theory, Stuart Hall, Paul Gilroy, bell hooks etc. This was based on Media and Collective Identity focusing on the representation of black culture in British Film and American Music Videos.
This document provides an overview of various media theories that can be applied to analyzing representations in media. It discusses theorists such as Laura Mulvey, John Berger, Bell Hooks, Stuart Hall, Tricia Rose, Paul Gilroy, Michael Eric Dyson, Kobena Mercer, Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault, and concepts like narrative theory, audience reception theory, and moral panic. Revision tips are provided, emphasizing applying these theories to coursework and case studies through references to different media like films, music videos, and magazines. Key ideas from different theorists are summarized, such as Hall's notions of "slave figure," "the native," and "the clown/entertainer" characterizations of
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work.
The document discusses different approaches to representing reality in media, including psychological realism, naturalism, and documentary conventions. Psychological realism aims to portray individual experiences as universal, but often reflects the views of privileged groups. Naturalism focuses on depicting typical social experiences rather than claiming psychological universality. Documentaries rely on images, testimony, and documentation to substantiate their representations of reality, but any curation of evidence inherently makes an argument. The lines between different genres are blurred, and all representations of reality carry ideological assumptions.
This document provides summaries and citations for several key texts in critical theory, cultural studies, Marxism, and media studies. It includes summaries of works by Gramsci, Horkheimer and Adorno, Foucault, Debord, Hall, Barthes, McLuhan, Morgan & Purje, Mulvey, Halberstam, Lacan, Foucault, Tavin and Tavin, Marx and Engels, Hill-Collins, Dyer, Habermas, and Jameson that discuss concepts like ideology, spectacle, panopticism, subjectivation, encoding/decoding, myth, media, queer theory, and postmodernism.
Cold War DBQ Essay - Miguel Alberca DBQ Essay (Cold War) The Cold War .... The Cold War DBQs - Amped Up Learning. Cold War DBQ.docx - The Cold War Document Based Questions DBQ Activity ....
The document summarizes several media theorists and their perspectives on representation. It discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the male gaze and how women are portrayed as passive objects in film. John Berger's theory that women appear for male objectification across media is also mentioned. Theories by Alvarado, Bell Hooks, Stuart Hall, and others address how ethnicity, race, gender, and class are commonly represented and interpreted in Western media through stereotypes, exoticism, and blurred associations. Narrative and audience reception theories are also briefly outlined.
Personal Ethics and Leadership Statement (100 Points) OBJECTI.docxherbertwilson5999
Personal Ethics and Leadership Statement (100 Points)
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this assignment is to encourage you to explore your personal ethical perspectives and how those perspectives will fit into a career in business, as well as to consider your preferred leadership styles and goals. You will have to give thoughtful consideration to what your values are, where those values came from, and how they will influence your professional career, as well as your leadership approaches and development. Your assignment will be evaluated on the criteria below.
LeBow Focus:
Economics: Learn to consider positions, both co-op and permanent, by seeking more than just a paycheck. Instead, you might consider a good fit in terms of skills, future growth, fit with the organizations culture, and fair compensation.
Problem Solving: Give thoughtful consideration to times in your personal life and future professional life when your ethics might have been or might be compromised and think through possible ways to deal with those types of situations. Give thoughtful consideration to times in your personal life and future professional life when leadership played or may play a critical role, and how you may approach various situations.
Career Planning: Acknowledge that a career in business is more than performing certain tasks. You must also consider the culture of the environment in which you work and seek a good fit between your ethical values and leadership styles, and those of the organization
Writing: “Commit to Paper” your ethical values and leadership ideas and use that document to guide you as you pursue a career in business.
Personal Evaluation
GOAL: For this paper you will have to clearly identify and explain your ethical perspective by responding to the following questions. Your responses should be in paragraph form and you should use examples to clarify your experiences and reasoning.
1. How do you personally determine what is right or wrong? Where does your personal ethical perspective come from? (6)
2. What do you expect from yourself in dealing with others (give an example)? What do you expect from others in dealing with you (give an example)? (6)
3. What are your “core values”? (cite 2) How have your core values influenced your decisions (give an example)? (6)
4. Good people sometimes make bad decisions. Why might a person (including you) compromise an ethical foundation? (6)
5. What do you consider your leadership strengths (cite 2 and give an example of when or how you used them)? (6)
6. Considering areas of your personal leadership that can be improved, what goals do you have in the next 2-3 years (while attending Drexel) to develop as a leader (state 2). How will achieve them? (6)
7. Research a business leader who behaved unethically. Summarize (cite sources). Using the “fraud triangle”, explain why you believe the situation occurred and how it may have been prevented. (12)
8. If you have any additional comments, includ.
Here are some key points about Roland Barthes' concept of mythologies:
- Mythologies refers to the ways in which cultural products and practices come to be regarded as natural and taken-for-granted.
- Barthes was interested in unpacking the unstated assumptions and ideologies behind these cultural myths.
- He analyzed how ordinary objects, gestures, and images come to take on additional layers of meaning and symbolism (their connotations) beyond their literal functions.
- For example, a BMW connotes traits like ambition and success, while a Citroën 2CV implies environmentalism - even though they serve the same functional purpose as vehicles.
- Barthes' goal was to make the implicit
This document discusses reasons for pursuing graduate school, including wanting to learn more about communication, increase earning potential, or dislike of a previous job. It also covers different models of graduate education, such as the apprentice model, and providing research questions and definitions of communication from various scholars. The document provides an overview of considerations for graduate study in communication.
This document discusses the hope and promise of political communication in the 21st century. It analyzes the Clinton model of political communication and assesses the current state of political discourse. Key themes that can guide the evaluation of political communication are identified, including context, effects, ethics, civic virtue, progress, and hope. A "rhetorical" politics recognizes that political issues are complex with no clear answers, and that both policy and leadership qualities are important factors in political judgments.
This document discusses key questions about the study and teaching of political communication. It examines what constitutes political communication, who is studied, when and where it occurs, how it is studied, and why it is studied. It argues that the field could broaden its focus beyond U.S. presidential rhetoric and elections to study other levels of government, international contexts, and historical periods. It also calls for more attention to context, ethics, civic virtue, and progress in the study and teaching of political communication.
This document provides an overview of topics related to identity, women's rhetorical history, feminism, and the culture of strategic discourse. Regarding women's rhetorical history, it discusses how women have contributed to the development of rhetorical traditions throughout history despite facing exclusion. It profiles several influential female leaders and thinkers from different time periods who used rhetoric to advocate for women's rights and intellectual abilities. The document also outlines the key events and principles of the three waves of feminism. In the section on culture of strategic discourse, it examines the role of journalism and popular culture in shaping contemporary discourse, including the evolution of journalism styles and debates around media bias.
This document discusses various aspects of memory and its role in rhetoric. It covers ancient understandings of memory, how memory was an important canon that has been lost, different senses of memory, collective vs. individual memory, strategies for remembering and forgetting, memorializing as a rhetorical act, and issues of presentism, images, visual rhetoric, and spectacles.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in media and communication studies, including:
- The development of television from earlier technologies like film, telegraphy, and wireless radio.
- Key inventors and innovations that advanced broadcasting capabilities, allowing messages to reach mass audiences rather than just individuals.
- Theories of language and how they relate to rhetorical style and the use of symbols.
- Components of rhetorical narratives based on ancient rhetoric and Kenneth Burke's dramatism.
- Types of narratives like myths that convey lessons and exert social influence through narrative fidelity.
- Tools of psychoanalytic interpretation that view media through the lenses of Freudian concepts like the id, ego, superego,
1) The document discusses the concept of audience in rhetorical theory from ancient Greece and Rome to modern times. Key figures like Aristotle, Cicero, Campbell, and Perelman contributed theories about understanding and adapting to audiences.
2) George Campbell's philosophy of rhetoric from 1776 synthesized knowledge about persuasion as a four-step process involving instruction, imagination, passions, and the will. He emphasized the importance of understanding an audience's education, culture, occupation, and politics.
3) Chais Perelman distinguished between a "universal audience" as an ideal rational construct in the rhetor's mind, and a "particular audience" as the actual group being addressed, noting the need to argue
The document provides an overview of definitions and perspectives of rhetoric throughout history. It discusses classical definitions from figures like Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero. It also examines modern and contemporary definitions. The document then analyzes rhetoric from different perspectives like as a system, rules, argument, speech, and power. It discusses the historical evolution of rhetoric in relation to changes in media from orality to literacy and changes in society.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of communication media and argumentation. It discusses early Greek and Roman theories of rhetoric and argument. It then covers the development of new media technologies like photography, film, television and how they changed communication. It discusses the shift from oral to written communication and the impact of new media on society and strategic discourse.
2. Meanings of Ideology Ideology = the study of ideas (earliest meaning) Roots in the French Revolution Contemporary uses Ideology = the ways in which meaning serves to sustain relations of domination (Thompson) Ideology = the political language that defines a community, dictating parameters for collective thought and behavior (McGee)
3. Assumptions of Ideological Analysis Ideological formations (expressed in discourse) reflect power relations Power is related to knowledge through rules of discourse (Foucault) Members of a society may be complicitous in their own subjugation (hegemony)
4. Ideological Test How many of you will change your name to the surname of your spouse upon marriage? What will that change involve? Why will you make the change, or not?
5. Studying Ideology Strategies of subjugation: Categorization = societal groupings; definitions Exnomination = the process of naming and not naming as a source of power Metaphor = defining social/political relationships by virtue of comparison Narrative structures = using the tools of narrative analysis as a means of understanding power relationships.
6. Studying Ideology Studies of Institutional Power Three levels: Industrial/ institutional level—markets/competitive relationships Organizational level—norms and habits of organizations Individual level—impact/power of key individuals
9. Harry Potter and the Paradoxical Critique of Celebrity Culture Trevor Parry-Giles University of Maryland
10. Harry Potter as cultural celebrity Seven books (4,224 pages) 400 million copies; 67 languages Seven films; eighth released July 19th Theme park opened in 2010 ‘Pottermania,’ write Terego and Denim (2006), ‘has reached epidemic proportions [and] the whole world is wild about Harry.’
11. Meanings & Messages Many themes and messages emerge from the 4,224 pages of the seven Harry Potter books. Their author, J.K. Rowling, uses the books to comment frequently on politics and oppression, social norms and identity issues.
12. Other Meanings in HP My focus here is on another dimension of the messages put forth through these tales. Following the lead of critics Waetjen and Gibson (2007), I strive to identify and examine the ways that the Harry Potter novels speak to the culture industry and offer a commentary on a specific dimension of cultural production in contemporary society, namely the identification and construction of celebrity.
13. I examine how the Harry Potter novels articulate a deep and sustained critique of celebrity culture on two different levels (the affectivity of celebrity culture and the commodification of the cultural celebrity) even while celebrity works as a dominant theme in the stories. Examining how Rowling’s celebrity critique is manifested throughout her novels, I seek to explain how they ultimately construct an ideological representation of celebrity rooted in dichotomies between celebrity and hero, image and reality, fake and authentic.
14. Celebrity and the power of affect A defining characteristic of celebrity discourse in contemporary culture is the dominance of affect and emotion in the creation of celebrity meaning and power. We react to and understand celebrities not because their discourse is rationally superior or because the discourse about them appeals to rationally derived ideas or concepts. Instead, our reaction to celebrities is affective, characterized by the non-rational, the emotional (Marshall, 1997)
15. Affect in HP The critique of celebrity affectivity in the Harry Potter tales emerge primarily in the fleeting and changing emotional reactions that Harry’s celebrity status in the magical world provokes from a range of other characters. They reflect what Evans (2009) calls ‘cathexis’ where ‘emotional energy and meaning’ are invested into people and objects and ‘away from self.’
16. Affect in HP Initially, Harry’s celebrity is constructed in emotionally positive terms. ‘He’ll be famous—a legend—I wouldn’t be surprised if today was known as Harry Potter day in the future—there will be books written about Harry—every child in our world will know his name!’ (Rowling 1997, p. 13).
17. Affect & Anxiety in HP ‘Everyone thinks I’m special,’ he confides to Hagrid, ‘but I don’t know anything about magic at all. How can they expect great things? I’m famous and I can’t even remember what I’m famous for’ (Rowling 1997, p. 86). Similarly, Harry discovers that one of his teachers, Potions Master Severus Snape, also dislikes him, calling Harry ‘Our new—celebrity’ and warning Harry that ‘fame clearly isn’t everything’ when Harry is unable to answer unreasonably complicated Potions questions (Rowling 1997, pp. 136-137, emphasis in original).
18. Celebrity and the power of affect Harry constantly quests for real virtue, actual accomplishment, true heroism, throughout all seven of the novels, and Rowling establishes this search for the real and the authentic as opposed to the extended and unrealistic expectations of his fame and celebrity. At every turn in Harry’s adventures, people react to him as a celebrity, usually in highly emotional ways, and all the while he is working to ignore or reject such reactions, preferring instead to be ordinary or truly virtuous and brave rather than simply well-known.
19. Celebrity and the power of affect Ultimately, though, the affectivity at work in Rowling’s construction of Harry Potter’s celebrity speaks to the critique of contemporary celebrity culture that the author represents via the novels It is Harry’s perpetual quest for authentic heroism that evidences most clearly Rowling’s critique of celebrity—Harry sees through the fickle and often cursory affective reactions that his celebrity occasions and spends considerable energy striving for true, real acclaim.
20. Celebrity and the power of affect The paradox in Rowling’s critique of the affectivity of Harry’s celebrity, of course, stems from the very dependence upon such affectivity in the public, ‘real’ reactions to the Harry Potter cultural phenomenon. Fans and consumers of Harry Potter books and films (and merchandise) are invited into his magical world not because of its rational, measured discussion of contemporary problems or issues and not because of the aesthetic or distinctive quality of the narratives.
21. HP as Celebrity Commodity Central to the affective power of Harry Potter as a cultural celebrity is the self-evident goal of the phenomenon’s affectivity—namely, the sale and perpetual marketing of a cultural commodity. As with all cultural celebrities, ‘Harry Potter’ is relentlessly merchandised and marketed and the range of commodities bearing his imprint is endless. Such commodification is not uncommon—indeed, commodification is a defining characteristic of historical and contemporary celebrity discourses.
22. Commodification Marshall (1997) argues, the commodification of cultural celebrities is also valuable for what it tells us about social structure, the exercise of power, and the creation and maintenance of relationships of domination and control. Celebrity culture and the commodification of celebrities are about more than just marketing and selling and profits. The very industry (and the development of that industry) that markets and manifests cultural celebrities operates on a discursive domain as well, and indicates important and powerful dimensions of contemporary social life and identity.
23. Celebrity Commodification Despite the absence of the usual commodification industries that dominate postmodern ‘Muggle’ societies and that are responsible for the cultural performance and circulation of celebrity, the Harry Potter novels still manage to indict the cultural commodification of celebrity. This rhetoric largely emerges from the novels’ discussion of the practices of book publishing and journalism.
24. Celebrity Commodification The most egregiously superficial, commodified celebrity in the entire Harry Potter series is Gilderoy Lockhart, a wizard who has published a series of books recounting his adventures around the globe fighting demons and dangerous magical creatures. Lockhart’s celebrity is clearly constructed within the commodification systems at work in the magical world—namely through his authoring of several books and through his consistent level of exposure in newspapers and magazines.
25. Celebrity Commodification Lockhart’s perfidy identifies Rowling’s critique of celebrity and its commodification in contemporary culture. Operating alongside Harry’s perpetual quest for an authentic or real fame and honor, Lockhart’s artificial, manufactured celebrity is condemned for its hyper-constructedness, for the fact that it worked and that Lockhart and the publication outlets that supported him profited from it.
26. Celebrity Commodification Rowling’s critique of celebrity journalism is most fully developed through the depiction of celebrity journalist Rita Skeeter throughout the series, but especially in HPGF. Skeeter is a stereotypical celebrity journalist, prone to exaggeration and hyperbole and unscrupulous in her reporting methods.
27. Celebrity Commodification Ultimately, Skeeter is exposed for her illegal methods of collecting information—she is an ‘unregistered Animagus,’ or a magical person with the ability to transform into an animal at will. In Skeeter’s case, she transforms into a beetle, enabling her unobtrusive eavesdropping on private conversations. Rowling makes much of the ‘bugging’ metaphor as she details Skeeter’s methods, though the metaphor is also useful as another insight into Rowling’s critique of celebrity culture.
28. Celebrity Commodification Rowling’s indictment of celebrity culture, here in terms of its commodification, is rooted in a distinction between ‘reality’ and artifice, between genuine, authentic achievement and that which is manufactured. Harry, at every turn, is concerned with finding the true and the just, whether it be in his quest to survive the Triwizard Tournament or to defeat Voldemort, and at every step, he is opposed by individuals who either react to him in purely affective ways that belie his true purpose or who believe lies written about him (and others, e.g., Gilderoy Lockhart) in a cultural industry of book publishing and celebrity journalism unconcerned with truth and honor.
29. Celebrity Commodification The irony, indeed the paradox, of Rowling’s critique of celebrity culture and the commodification of celebrities should be obvious. Harry Potter’s success is, in no small measure, due in part to celebrity journalism (in newspapers, magazines, and on the Web) that generates countless stories about Rowling, the books, the films, and the various actors and actresses involved in their production. Thus, even as Rowling indicts these industries and their role in manifesting a bankrupt vision of celebrity in Harry’s magical world, that world would not exist for many were it not for those very industries that endlessly promote and circulate meaning and information about Harry Potter.
30. Celebrity in HP Rose (2003) maintains, ‘the response to celebrity always harbours a political subtext,’ (p. 206) and such a subtext is powerfully present in Rowling’s reading of celebrity culture as well as in my reading of Rowling. As I indicate here, following a similar tack by Waetjen & Gibson (2007), Rowling’s critique of celebrity culture is paradoxical precisely because of her reliance on that culture for the success and circulation of the Harry Potter phenomenon.
31. Celebrity Critique in HP Rowling’s cleverness, though, does not absolve her hypocrisy even though hypocrisy may be the inevitable, paradoxical price of celebrity culture critique. In many ways, the most meaningful critiques of celebrity culture come from those who are subject to it, who live within it, and who reap its benefits. So thorough has celebrity culture become, so immersed are we in that culture and its trappings, that critique is most compelling from within and is only meaningful for audiences who consume it.
32. Celebrity Critique in HP Metaphorically, Harry’s scar stands for many things in the novels and one of those representations is Harry’s role in the celebrity culture of his magical world. The scar is the prime identifying feature that people use to appreciate, value, and condemn Harry’s celebrity, both interpersonally and through the magical world’s culture industries. At the same time, the scar is a source of evil and pain, emblematic of Rowling’s embedded sense of the dangers of celebrity culture. Only at the end of the last novel is the pain erased with Voldemort’s demise. Not unlike celebrity culture in Rowling’s vision, the scar is both a source of power and pain, representing both good and evil.
33. Celebrity Critique in HP So compelling is Harry’s scar as a metaphor for Rowling’s vision that it operates as the final, lasting image of the seven novel series. Her concluding image also works to explain how the problems and paradoxes of celebrity culture are resolved in and through the Harry Potter phenomenon. As Harry waves at his son as the train drifts away, ‘he lowered his hand absentmindedly and touched the lightning scar on his forehead.’ Knowing that his children will be safe at Hogwarts, the last line of the novel and the series remarks ‘The scar had not pained Harry for nineteen years. All was well’