The document provides an outline for a presentation on Oriental and religious perspectives on ecology and the environment. It begins with defining Oriental and religious perspectives, then discusses views from Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, and Taoism. For each religion, it explores key concepts and how the religions view humanity's relationship with nature and emphasis on environmental protection and harmony. It also discusses views on interconnectedness, karma, and promoting the welfare of all beings.
This document discusses the role of various religions and cultures in environmental ethics. It outlines how Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, and Indian culture promote environmental harmony and conservation. The main messages are that humans should live in harmony with nature according to religious scriptures, maintain balance and limits, respect all life forms, and protect the environment for future generations.
This document discusses the relationship between religion and the environment. It provides an overview of different religious perspectives on environmental protection and humanity's relationship with nature. The document also examines historical influences like Lynn White's work identifying Christian attitudes as contributing to environmental problems. It suggests that both religion and science will need to work together globally to address the current environmental crisis and promote pro-environmental behaviors and values.
The document summarizes Agenda 21, a non-binding action plan adopted by the UN in 1992 related to sustainable development. It includes 40 chapters organized into 4 sections covering social and economic issues, conservation, strengthening major groups, and implementation. The goal is to help the environment and was agreed at the 1992 Earth Summit. It calls for governments, UN agencies, and other groups to take action globally, nationally and locally toward sustainable development. While progress has been uneven, the UN has reaffirmed commitment to Agenda 21 over subsequent years.
This document defines and discusses biodiversity. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It then discusses the types of biodiversity and provides examples. The document also covers the benefits of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, and methods of conservation, including in situ and ex situ approaches. It concludes by stating the importance of conserving biodiversity for human survival and the need for cooperative conservation efforts across entire landscapes.
The document discusses biodiversity and the factors that lead to its degradation. It defines biodiversity as the genetic diversity within species, diversity of species in an area, and diversity of ecosystems. It then lists the components of biodiversity as the geosphere, biosphere, sociosphere, and socio-cultural environment. It further explains how socio-economic changes like industrialization, urbanization, modernization, and changing lifestyles negatively impact the environment and contribute to overexploitation of natural resources. Issues include pollution, overpopulation, intensive agriculture, and waste. The conclusion states that biodiversity is a measure of biological system health and extinction risk, and the UN designated 2011-2020 as the biodiversity decade.
This document discusses biodiversity and its importance. It notes that biodiversity is declining rapidly, with thousands of species going extinct each year. Biodiversity is essential for ecosystem functions like water and air purification. Conservation strategies include legislation, in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts, recording indigenous knowledge, community participation, and international agreements. Local communities depend on biodiversity for their livelihoods and cultures. Overall biodiversity conservation is crucial for environmental health and human well-being.
responsible travel, preserving natural habitat, endangered species,india ecotourism, kerala, himalayas, northeastern states are the most famous ecotourist destinations in india. Thenmala in Kerala is the first ecotourist destination in India. Valley of flowers under the foot hills of Nanda Devi is being developed as an ecotourism destination.
This document provides an overview of Kuwait's implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity. It describes the three types of biodiversity and discusses how human activities have negatively impacted biodiversity. It then outlines the history and objectives of the Convention on Biodiversity, which aims to conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable use. The document notes that Kuwait signed the convention in 1992 and became a party in 2002. It discusses some of Kuwait's actions to meet the convention's requirements, such as developing national strategies and reports, monitoring biodiversity, increasing protected areas, and coordinating efforts between relevant authorities.
This document discusses the role of various religions and cultures in environmental ethics. It outlines how Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, and Indian culture promote environmental harmony and conservation. The main messages are that humans should live in harmony with nature according to religious scriptures, maintain balance and limits, respect all life forms, and protect the environment for future generations.
This document discusses the relationship between religion and the environment. It provides an overview of different religious perspectives on environmental protection and humanity's relationship with nature. The document also examines historical influences like Lynn White's work identifying Christian attitudes as contributing to environmental problems. It suggests that both religion and science will need to work together globally to address the current environmental crisis and promote pro-environmental behaviors and values.
The document summarizes Agenda 21, a non-binding action plan adopted by the UN in 1992 related to sustainable development. It includes 40 chapters organized into 4 sections covering social and economic issues, conservation, strengthening major groups, and implementation. The goal is to help the environment and was agreed at the 1992 Earth Summit. It calls for governments, UN agencies, and other groups to take action globally, nationally and locally toward sustainable development. While progress has been uneven, the UN has reaffirmed commitment to Agenda 21 over subsequent years.
This document defines and discusses biodiversity. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It then discusses the types of biodiversity and provides examples. The document also covers the benefits of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, and methods of conservation, including in situ and ex situ approaches. It concludes by stating the importance of conserving biodiversity for human survival and the need for cooperative conservation efforts across entire landscapes.
The document discusses biodiversity and the factors that lead to its degradation. It defines biodiversity as the genetic diversity within species, diversity of species in an area, and diversity of ecosystems. It then lists the components of biodiversity as the geosphere, biosphere, sociosphere, and socio-cultural environment. It further explains how socio-economic changes like industrialization, urbanization, modernization, and changing lifestyles negatively impact the environment and contribute to overexploitation of natural resources. Issues include pollution, overpopulation, intensive agriculture, and waste. The conclusion states that biodiversity is a measure of biological system health and extinction risk, and the UN designated 2011-2020 as the biodiversity decade.
This document discusses biodiversity and its importance. It notes that biodiversity is declining rapidly, with thousands of species going extinct each year. Biodiversity is essential for ecosystem functions like water and air purification. Conservation strategies include legislation, in-situ and ex-situ conservation efforts, recording indigenous knowledge, community participation, and international agreements. Local communities depend on biodiversity for their livelihoods and cultures. Overall biodiversity conservation is crucial for environmental health and human well-being.
responsible travel, preserving natural habitat, endangered species,india ecotourism, kerala, himalayas, northeastern states are the most famous ecotourist destinations in india. Thenmala in Kerala is the first ecotourist destination in India. Valley of flowers under the foot hills of Nanda Devi is being developed as an ecotourism destination.
This document provides an overview of Kuwait's implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity. It describes the three types of biodiversity and discusses how human activities have negatively impacted biodiversity. It then outlines the history and objectives of the Convention on Biodiversity, which aims to conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable use. The document notes that Kuwait signed the convention in 1992 and became a party in 2002. It discusses some of Kuwait's actions to meet the convention's requirements, such as developing national strategies and reports, monitoring biodiversity, increasing protected areas, and coordinating efforts between relevant authorities.
Biodiversity conservation involves protecting ecosystems, habitats, and species. It aims to maintain viable populations of all native species and their genetic diversity. Key methods for biodiversity conservation include protected areas like national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and marine protected areas. Laws like the Wildlife Protection Act (1972) and the Biological Diversity Act (2002) support conservation efforts in India. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) also regulates global trade in threatened species.
The document discusses several key conventions related to conservation of biological diversity:
1) The Ramsar Convention of 1971 created a framework for national action and international cooperation for wetland conservation and sustainable use.
2) CITES of 1973 regulates international trade in endangered species to ensure it does not threaten species survival. It lists species in three appendices based on protection needs.
3) The Convention on Migratory Species of 1979 aims to conserve terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species throughout their ranges.
4) The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty for biodiversity conservation and created the Nagoya and Cartagena Protocols on access to genetic resources and biosafety.
Religions have traditionally expressed some ethical concerns for the environment by according moral significance to other creatures and proposing human responsibilities of care. However, these religious environmental ethics faded with the rise of modern society. Recently, leaders in many religions have returned to early religious teachings to develop religious environmental ethics. For example, the pope and other Christian leaders have emphasized humans' duty as stewards of creation based on interpretations of Genesis. Eastern Orthodox leaders also stress humans' relationship with all life as interdependent. Religious environmental ethics present responsibilities to care for the environment as ancient wisdom that must be rediscovered, not new concerns grafted onto traditions.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization working in nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It is involved in data gathering, research, field projects, lobbying and education. It is best known for compiling and publishing the Red List which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. IUCN's mission is to influence societies to conserve nature and ensure sustainable use of natural resources.
Preservation And Conservation Of The Environment shatrajitshatra
Environmental conservation involves preserving and protecting the natural environment from damage or destruction. It includes actions like maintaining ecosystems, protecting natural resources, and reducing pollution. Trees help conserve the environment by reducing temperatures, removing pollutants, providing oxygen, and decreasing erosion. While trees are sometimes cut down, environmental conservation requires planting new trees to make up for those lost.
This document discusses human impact on biodiversity. It begins with defining biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. It then outlines threats to biodiversity from habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, and climate change. The document emphasizes that biodiversity provides many benefits to humans through resources like food and medicine, as well as ecological functions. However, biodiversity loss is now occurring rapidly due to human activities. Conservation efforts are needed to protect biodiversity through both on-site and off-site methods.
This document provides an overview of environmental ethics as an academic discipline. It discusses: (1) how environmental ethics challenges anthropocentrism in traditional Western ethics by arguing that non-human entities have intrinsic moral value; (2) the early development of environmental ethics in the 1960s-70s, sparked by works highlighting environmental crises; and (3) key debates around assigning intrinsic versus instrumental value to the natural world.
Climate change and biodiversity are closely linked: climate change has severe direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity and is predicted to be a dominant driver of future biodiversity loss; at the same time, the loss of biodiversity magnifies the adverse effects of climate change.
1. The document discusses principles and strategies for conservation of natural resources and biological diversity. It outlines international efforts like CITES, WHC, CMS, and IWC that India is a signatory to help protect endangered species and habitats.
2. Key Indian initiatives discussed include projects like Project Tiger and Project Elephant, establishing wildlife crime control bureaus, and policies/acts like the Wildlife Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act, and Biological Diversity Act.
3. The strategies aim to curb illegal wildlife trade, conduct conservation research, and protect national parks, sanctuaries, and biodiversity through collaborative international agreements and domestic legal and programmatic efforts.
Sikhism is a distinct religion that was founded by Guru Nanak in 15th century India. It believes in one God and teaches the equality of all people and religions. Sikhs follow the teachings of 10 Gurus and consider the Guru Granth Sahib as their spiritual guide. Some key beliefs and practices include monotheism, equality of men and women, keeping uncut hair which is covered by a turban, and serving the community through seva or volunteer work.
Biodiversity with special reference to india statusramkumarlodhi3
This document discusses biodiversity in India, including:
1) It defines biodiversity and its three hierarchical levels - genetic, species, and community diversity.
2) India has high biodiversity with over 91,000 animal and 45,500 plant species across 10 bio-geographic regions, and ranks among the top ten most species-rich nations with high endemism.
3) Major threats to India's biodiversity include habitat loss, degradation, invasive species, overexploitation, and climate change. The government has implemented various policies and plans to promote conservation of biodiversity.
Hotspot: India As a Mega Biodiversity HotspotNayanSengupta2
This ppt contains the full package of the Hotspots of India. It contains all the details of the endemic as well as endangered species in all the four hotspots . Its made in such a way so that its easy to understand to every single pupil who is going through this presentation.
Whittaker (1972)
Alpha, Beta and gamma diversity
Status of Global Biodiversity
Ecological Diversity
Species Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Global Food Security
Medicinal Resources
Gene Resources
Supporting Services
Soil formation &
protection
Nutrient cycling
Primary production
Regulating Services
Water regulation
Climate regulation
Disease regulation
Water purification
Pollination
TOPIC: SACRED GROVES THE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTSpptx pdfMahesh Lakshman
“Sacred Groves are small patches of natural vegetation dedicated by local communities to ancestral spirit or deities and have traditional means of biodiversity, where climax-growth of vegetation can found”. Many species of trees were considered ‘Sacred’ in Indian societies, for example, Bassia latifolia and Anthrocephalus cadamba the tribals of Orissa and Bihar worshipped Tamarindus indica and Mangifera indica. “Many species of Ficus were worshipped throughout India. It was also believed that, certain species of trees symbolize specific Gods and such trees were also worshipped” Sacred groves are tracts of virgin forest harbouring rich biodiversity and are protected by local communities to keep them in a relatively undisturbed state. These are the small patches of relic forest, protected by local communities on religious ground, which are the traditional Indian way of in situ conservation of biodiversity. Various indigenous communities dedicate sacred groves to the local deities or ancestral spirits. Such a grove may consist of a multi-species, multi-tier primary forest or a cluster of trees, depending on the history of the vegetation. These groves were protected by local communities, usually through customary taboos and sanctions with cultural and ecological implications.
Sacred groves are the good source of a variety of medicinal plants, fruits, fodder, fuel wood, spices, etc. In India, the sacred groves were reported earlier from the Himalayas, North-east India, highlands of Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, particularly where the indigenous communities live. There are 13,720Sacred Groves reported in India. The total area of SGs in India as a whole, would be about 39,063 ha Contribute 0.055% of the total Forest area of India.
Several plants and animals that are threatened in the forest are still well conserved in some of the sacred groves. It has been observed that several medicinal plants that are not to be found in the forest are abundant in the sacred groves. Further, rare, endangered, threatened and endemic species are often concentrated in sacred groves. Main causes of anthropogenic pressure the degradation of habitat happening. The sacredness, religious beliefs and taboos play a significant role in promoting sustainable utilization and conservation of flora and fauna of the region. However, with the passage of time, considerable changes have taken place in the extent of the sacred groves, in their vegetation structure, peoples’ perception towards them causing the frequent degradation of these “Mini Biosphere Reserves”.
This presentation provides an overview of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. It discusses that the Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. The objectives of the convention are to conserve and sustainably use wetlands, as well as stop their loss and encroachment. Bangladesh has designated two Ramsar sites - Tanguar Haor and the Sundarbans Reserved Forest. Tanguar Haor provides habitat for many fish and bird species, while the Sundarbans is a vast mangrove forest that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its biodiversity including the Royal Bengal Tiger.
This ppt is about stockholm conference on environment 1972.less text and lucrative slides for management student.use notes for delivering presentation.
Forest fire management in Ethiopia, experiences and challenges CIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses forest fires in Ethiopia. It provides historical background on forest fires in Ethiopia and their causes, which are mostly human-made. It outlines several challenges related to forest fire management, including lack of resources, data, and organized prevention/control systems. Efforts made to address fires include establishing management structures, awareness campaigns, and community mobilization. Moving forward, it recommends improved policies, resources, participation, and research to better prevent and manage forest fires.
The document discusses several examples of theology that stray from orthodox Christian beliefs, such as deemphasizing Jesus' divinity, viewing God as a human construct, rejecting the concept of salvation, and claiming multiple paths to God. It also summarizes the views of several clergy members that promote religious relativism, environmentalism, and panentheism over biblical theology.
In this chapter, the author describes his childhood growing up in extreme poverty in rural China in the 1930s. His family was impoverished after their home was destroyed in the 1931 Yangtze River flood. They struggled as tenant farmers, and the author had to work from a young age to help support the family. He received little education due to the lack of schools and his family's inability to pay fees. The country was in turmoil during the Japanese invasion and civil wars. The author's early life was one of hardship and deprivation.
Biodiversity conservation involves protecting ecosystems, habitats, and species. It aims to maintain viable populations of all native species and their genetic diversity. Key methods for biodiversity conservation include protected areas like national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, and marine protected areas. Laws like the Wildlife Protection Act (1972) and the Biological Diversity Act (2002) support conservation efforts in India. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) also regulates global trade in threatened species.
The document discusses several key conventions related to conservation of biological diversity:
1) The Ramsar Convention of 1971 created a framework for national action and international cooperation for wetland conservation and sustainable use.
2) CITES of 1973 regulates international trade in endangered species to ensure it does not threaten species survival. It lists species in three appendices based on protection needs.
3) The Convention on Migratory Species of 1979 aims to conserve terrestrial, aquatic and avian migratory species throughout their ranges.
4) The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity is an international treaty for biodiversity conservation and created the Nagoya and Cartagena Protocols on access to genetic resources and biosafety.
Religions have traditionally expressed some ethical concerns for the environment by according moral significance to other creatures and proposing human responsibilities of care. However, these religious environmental ethics faded with the rise of modern society. Recently, leaders in many religions have returned to early religious teachings to develop religious environmental ethics. For example, the pope and other Christian leaders have emphasized humans' duty as stewards of creation based on interpretations of Genesis. Eastern Orthodox leaders also stress humans' relationship with all life as interdependent. Religious environmental ethics present responsibilities to care for the environment as ancient wisdom that must be rediscovered, not new concerns grafted onto traditions.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization working in nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It is involved in data gathering, research, field projects, lobbying and education. It is best known for compiling and publishing the Red List which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide. IUCN's mission is to influence societies to conserve nature and ensure sustainable use of natural resources.
Preservation And Conservation Of The Environment shatrajitshatra
Environmental conservation involves preserving and protecting the natural environment from damage or destruction. It includes actions like maintaining ecosystems, protecting natural resources, and reducing pollution. Trees help conserve the environment by reducing temperatures, removing pollutants, providing oxygen, and decreasing erosion. While trees are sometimes cut down, environmental conservation requires planting new trees to make up for those lost.
This document discusses human impact on biodiversity. It begins with defining biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including diversity within and between species and ecosystems. It then outlines threats to biodiversity from habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, and climate change. The document emphasizes that biodiversity provides many benefits to humans through resources like food and medicine, as well as ecological functions. However, biodiversity loss is now occurring rapidly due to human activities. Conservation efforts are needed to protect biodiversity through both on-site and off-site methods.
This document provides an overview of environmental ethics as an academic discipline. It discusses: (1) how environmental ethics challenges anthropocentrism in traditional Western ethics by arguing that non-human entities have intrinsic moral value; (2) the early development of environmental ethics in the 1960s-70s, sparked by works highlighting environmental crises; and (3) key debates around assigning intrinsic versus instrumental value to the natural world.
Climate change and biodiversity are closely linked: climate change has severe direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity and is predicted to be a dominant driver of future biodiversity loss; at the same time, the loss of biodiversity magnifies the adverse effects of climate change.
1. The document discusses principles and strategies for conservation of natural resources and biological diversity. It outlines international efforts like CITES, WHC, CMS, and IWC that India is a signatory to help protect endangered species and habitats.
2. Key Indian initiatives discussed include projects like Project Tiger and Project Elephant, establishing wildlife crime control bureaus, and policies/acts like the Wildlife Protection Act, Forest Conservation Act, and Biological Diversity Act.
3. The strategies aim to curb illegal wildlife trade, conduct conservation research, and protect national parks, sanctuaries, and biodiversity through collaborative international agreements and domestic legal and programmatic efforts.
Sikhism is a distinct religion that was founded by Guru Nanak in 15th century India. It believes in one God and teaches the equality of all people and religions. Sikhs follow the teachings of 10 Gurus and consider the Guru Granth Sahib as their spiritual guide. Some key beliefs and practices include monotheism, equality of men and women, keeping uncut hair which is covered by a turban, and serving the community through seva or volunteer work.
Biodiversity with special reference to india statusramkumarlodhi3
This document discusses biodiversity in India, including:
1) It defines biodiversity and its three hierarchical levels - genetic, species, and community diversity.
2) India has high biodiversity with over 91,000 animal and 45,500 plant species across 10 bio-geographic regions, and ranks among the top ten most species-rich nations with high endemism.
3) Major threats to India's biodiversity include habitat loss, degradation, invasive species, overexploitation, and climate change. The government has implemented various policies and plans to promote conservation of biodiversity.
Hotspot: India As a Mega Biodiversity HotspotNayanSengupta2
This ppt contains the full package of the Hotspots of India. It contains all the details of the endemic as well as endangered species in all the four hotspots . Its made in such a way so that its easy to understand to every single pupil who is going through this presentation.
Whittaker (1972)
Alpha, Beta and gamma diversity
Status of Global Biodiversity
Ecological Diversity
Species Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Global Food Security
Medicinal Resources
Gene Resources
Supporting Services
Soil formation &
protection
Nutrient cycling
Primary production
Regulating Services
Water regulation
Climate regulation
Disease regulation
Water purification
Pollination
TOPIC: SACRED GROVES THE BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTSpptx pdfMahesh Lakshman
“Sacred Groves are small patches of natural vegetation dedicated by local communities to ancestral spirit or deities and have traditional means of biodiversity, where climax-growth of vegetation can found”. Many species of trees were considered ‘Sacred’ in Indian societies, for example, Bassia latifolia and Anthrocephalus cadamba the tribals of Orissa and Bihar worshipped Tamarindus indica and Mangifera indica. “Many species of Ficus were worshipped throughout India. It was also believed that, certain species of trees symbolize specific Gods and such trees were also worshipped” Sacred groves are tracts of virgin forest harbouring rich biodiversity and are protected by local communities to keep them in a relatively undisturbed state. These are the small patches of relic forest, protected by local communities on religious ground, which are the traditional Indian way of in situ conservation of biodiversity. Various indigenous communities dedicate sacred groves to the local deities or ancestral spirits. Such a grove may consist of a multi-species, multi-tier primary forest or a cluster of trees, depending on the history of the vegetation. These groves were protected by local communities, usually through customary taboos and sanctions with cultural and ecological implications.
Sacred groves are the good source of a variety of medicinal plants, fruits, fodder, fuel wood, spices, etc. In India, the sacred groves were reported earlier from the Himalayas, North-east India, highlands of Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala, particularly where the indigenous communities live. There are 13,720Sacred Groves reported in India. The total area of SGs in India as a whole, would be about 39,063 ha Contribute 0.055% of the total Forest area of India.
Several plants and animals that are threatened in the forest are still well conserved in some of the sacred groves. It has been observed that several medicinal plants that are not to be found in the forest are abundant in the sacred groves. Further, rare, endangered, threatened and endemic species are often concentrated in sacred groves. Main causes of anthropogenic pressure the degradation of habitat happening. The sacredness, religious beliefs and taboos play a significant role in promoting sustainable utilization and conservation of flora and fauna of the region. However, with the passage of time, considerable changes have taken place in the extent of the sacred groves, in their vegetation structure, peoples’ perception towards them causing the frequent degradation of these “Mini Biosphere Reserves”.
This presentation provides an overview of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. It discusses that the Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. The objectives of the convention are to conserve and sustainably use wetlands, as well as stop their loss and encroachment. Bangladesh has designated two Ramsar sites - Tanguar Haor and the Sundarbans Reserved Forest. Tanguar Haor provides habitat for many fish and bird species, while the Sundarbans is a vast mangrove forest that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its biodiversity including the Royal Bengal Tiger.
This ppt is about stockholm conference on environment 1972.less text and lucrative slides for management student.use notes for delivering presentation.
Forest fire management in Ethiopia, experiences and challenges CIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses forest fires in Ethiopia. It provides historical background on forest fires in Ethiopia and their causes, which are mostly human-made. It outlines several challenges related to forest fire management, including lack of resources, data, and organized prevention/control systems. Efforts made to address fires include establishing management structures, awareness campaigns, and community mobilization. Moving forward, it recommends improved policies, resources, participation, and research to better prevent and manage forest fires.
The document discusses several examples of theology that stray from orthodox Christian beliefs, such as deemphasizing Jesus' divinity, viewing God as a human construct, rejecting the concept of salvation, and claiming multiple paths to God. It also summarizes the views of several clergy members that promote religious relativism, environmentalism, and panentheism over biblical theology.
In this chapter, the author describes his childhood growing up in extreme poverty in rural China in the 1930s. His family was impoverished after their home was destroyed in the 1931 Yangtze River flood. They struggled as tenant farmers, and the author had to work from a young age to help support the family. He received little education due to the lack of schools and his family's inability to pay fees. The country was in turmoil during the Japanese invasion and civil wars. The author's early life was one of hardship and deprivation.
This Lecture was delivered recently in a National Seminar on Man-Nature Relationship in GURU NANAK DEV University, Amritsar. The Sikh View of Man-Nature Relationship and Environmental Ethics is presented. I wonder why the Original Gurbani Quotes in Gurmukhi Fonts do not appear in PPP.
This document discusses the Sikh perspective on the man-nature relationship. Some key points:
1) In Sikhism, nature is seen as God's creation (qudret) that God contemplates and takes delight in. Humans are part of nature and have a role in caring for it.
2) Unlike Judeo-Christian traditions which view humans as having dominion over nature, Sikhism stresses the shared heritage of all species.
3) Guru Nanak replaced the Hindu concept of "prakriti" with the Arabic "qudret" to emphasize nature is under God's power, not independent. Nature in all its manifestations is real, not an illusion.
The document provides an introduction and overview of the Srimad-Bhagavatam text. It discusses:
1) The Srimad-Bhagavatam addresses the need for spiritual philosophy to unite human society and describes the one supreme absolute truth or source of all living beings.
2) It establishes God or the supreme controller as the original source of all creation, maintenance, and destruction, and the living force behind all material energy.
3) The text presents the supreme controller as the supreme conscious personality who knows everything directly and indirectly, in contrast to other controllers and living beings who have limited knowledge.
The document discusses various topics related to health care ethics including ethical theories, principles of healthcare ethics like beneficence, nonmaleficence, and autonomy, virtues and values, religious and secular ethics, organizational and professional ethics, and the role of ethics committees. It provides information on these topics to help healthcare providers make difficult ethical decisions in patient care situations. The goal is to equip decision-makers with the knowledge and tools needed to thoughtfully consider all factors and perspectives involved in complex healthcare cases.
The document discusses the relationship between religion and ethics. It presents two views - one where religion is essential to ethics and one where ethics is based on humanism and reason alone. While religious and secular ethics derive authority from different sources, establishing common ground is important to avoid social discord. Cultivating virtues like prudence, reason, and compromise can help religion and ethics have robust discussions where differences exist and find agreement, maximizing constructive choices in society.
This document outlines a lecture on religion, culture and the environment. It discusses Lynn White Jr.'s argument that Judeo-Christian beliefs encouraged domination over nature. It also examines perspectives on Hinduism, including arguments that its holism fostered environmentalism, but notes issues with textual analysis and some beliefs involving dualism and purity that could impact the environment. It concludes that religious texts can be interpreted variably, behavior does not always follow beliefs, and local framings may better address environmental issues than cosmological perspectives.
This document discusses the philosophy of deep ecology. It begins with quotes highlighting nature's spiritual and ethical importance. It then discusses the origins of deep ecology, with Arne Naess coining the term and defining its principles with George Sessions. Deep ecology sees humans as part of nature rather than above it, and recognizes nature's intrinsic value. The document explores key thinkers and concepts in deep ecology such as self-realization, diversity, complexity, and symbiosis. Wilderness is seen as providing spiritual wisdom. Deep ecology calls for asking deeper questions of society and shifting to a holistic, ecological worldview.
The document discusses the concept of synchronicity as defined by Carl Jung and whether it could be considered a world religion. It notes trends toward more personalized and blended religious practices. While synchronicity emphasizes connections between individuals and phenomena, it is not typically viewed as an organized religion because it lacks defining features like scriptures, institutions, clergy, and rituals. However, it is seen as relevant to notions of interspirituality and being "spiritual but not religious."
This document summarizes a presentation about Peter Dear's view of science having two faces: as a natural philosophy concerned with understanding nature, and as instrumentality concerned with practical application and manipulation. It outlines Dear's biography and credentials, then discusses the two faces of science and how scientists are viewed. The history of scientific theories like the aether and theories of heat are examined to show how instrumental success does not guarantee truth, and lessons are learned about the refinement and social acceptance of theories over time. Finally, it addresses the close relationship and cultural impact of the natural philosophy and instrumental aspects of science.
The slide presentation contains some content and other relevant text to accompany my book, A Fruit-Bearing Spirituality published in Dec 2013 by Circle Books, John Hunt Publishing, UK. It is a more simple version of my Doctoral Thesis with four years of Participative Action Research about Spirituality Praxis (Practice - Theory)_
The document discusses how different religions view humanity's relationship to the environment based on their core beliefs and teachings. It provides details on Hinduism, Christianity, and some key figures. Hinduism teaches an interconnected web of life and sees protecting nature as part of dharma. It discusses Gandhi's example of simple living. Christianity is more complex, with differing views presented, including criticisms that it enabled exploitation of nature but also arguments that the Bible supports environmental responsibility.
Eric Magnusson led a discussion on becoming human through becoming divine. He discussed how humanity is created in God's image and our spiritual life involves image-bearing and union with God. This involves contemplative prayer which allows us to participate in God's life through concepts like eros, perichoresis, and kenosis from a Trinitarian perspective. Social action is also discussed as participating in God's justice. Information was provided on the MSFL program at SAU Online, including its curriculum, residencies in Guatemala and the US, and admissions requirements.
This document discusses the life and educational philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore. It notes that he established an experimental school called Shantiniketan in 1901 and later an international university called Visva-Bharati in 1921 based on his philosophy. His philosophy emphasized harmony with nature, freedom, creative self-expression, and internationalism. He believed in a broad-based curriculum incorporating subjects, activities, and community service. Tagore saw education's role as unfolding students' goodness through experience and self-realization rather than just imparting knowledge.
This document provides biographical information about Dr. Klaus Heinemann and Míċeál Ledwith, the co-authors of the book "The Orb Project". Dr. Heinemann has a PhD in experimental physics and worked for NASA and universities. He became interested in spirituality in the 1970s. Míċeál Ledwith was a Catholic priest and professor but resigned in 1994. He has since taught at Ramtha's School of Enlightenment and been involved with controversial New Age topics. The document provides background on their careers, publications, and organizations they have been involved with.
The spiritual self refers to one's search for meaning and purpose through morally responsible relationships with others. It involves both a transcendent belief in something beyond the physical world as well as an immanent discovery of the transcendent within one's own experiences. Finding meaning in life can come from experiencing reality authentically, contributing value to the world through creativity and service, and maintaining a positive attitude even when facing difficulties beyond one's control.
Exploring Sustainability: Concept and Definition from Practitioner's Perspective4Ventures Legacy (4VL)
The document discusses various perspectives on the concept of sustainability from practitioners. It explores definitions of sustainability from English, Malay, and Sanskrit terminology as well as Islamic perspectives focusing on integration and balance. Examples of sustainability challenges like deforestation and examples of potential solutions from areas like education, stakeholder engagement, and research are provided. The University of Malaya's Sustainable Development Solutions Network which aims to support sustainable development through scientific and technical expertise is also mentioned.
ENGAGING YOUTH THROUGH INTERNATIONAL NETWORK FOR EDUCATION, SUSTAINABLE DEVEL...4Ventures Legacy (4VL)
ZUL ILHAM ZULKIFLEE LUBES*, MOHD FADHLI RAHMAT FAKRI** & NIK MERIAM NIK SULAIMAN***
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES (ICSI 2015)
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA, 24 AUGUST 2015
Sustainable Practices of E-Waste Management: Keyactors, Obstacles and Way-for...4Ventures Legacy (4VL)
It will discuss E-waste management system in Malaysia in comparison to 3 case studies: China, European Union and South Africa. Three of the main gist of this presentation is to focus on keyactors, obstacles and way-forward (mechanism).
This document provides an outline and overview of a presentation on the intelligibility of science from an Islamic perspective. It begins with defining key terms like science, sustainability, ecocentrism, and khalifah. It then discusses the two faces of science as both natural philosophy and instrumentality. The role of religion, specifically Islam, in balancing science to ensure sustainability is explored through the Islamic concepts of ecocentrism and khalifah. The presentation concludes with a discussion of how an Islamic worldview can provide an alternative solution to address unsustainability issues.
The document discusses several issues with using the ecological footprint (EF) as a measure of sustainability. It highlights that EF fails to capture important factors like land degradation and the benefits of intensive agricultural production. It also argues that EF comparisons between countries can be misleading as boundaries are arbitrarily determined. Overall, the document asserts that EF is not an ideal tool for measuring sustainability due to these limitations and its failure to be fully inclusive of other relevant indicators.
Research is defined as the systematic investigation to establish new facts, solve problems, prove ideas or develop new theories using a scientific method. Basic types of research are basic research, done to increase knowledge, and applied research which uses existing knowledge to solve practical problems. Research can be inductive, moving from specific to general, or deductive, moving from general to specific.
A research proposal outlines the structure and guidelines for a proposed research project. It includes elements like a title, problem statement, hypotheses, limitations, definitions, significance, literature review, research procedures, and timeline. The purpose is to plan and provide structure to increase the validity of the prospective research.
This document summarizes Sony Corporation's approach to innovation management. It discusses Sony's strategy innovation, including maintaining a flexible focus on areas like networked products and emerging markets. It also covers Sony's product innovation, noting it pursues both incremental and radical innovations protected by patents. Additionally, the document outlines Sony's success factors for product innovation, including geographical factors, social networks, and interdisciplinary product development.
Human: Thank you for the summary. Summarize the following document in 3 sentences or less:
[DOCUMENT]:
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The dog barks at the fox but does not chase after it. They see each other regularly in the field behind
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Oriental & Religious Perspectives on Ecology and the Environment 131211 updated
1. “Oriental & Other Religious
Perspectives on Ecology & Environment”
SFGS 6121
History & Philosophy of Science
Lecturer: Professor M. Hazim Shah Abdul Murad
Mohd Fadhli Rahmat Fakri
SMB110010
Department of Science & Technology Studies,
Faculty of Science, University of Malaya 1
2. Outline of Presentation
Definition: Oriental & Religion
Oriental: Buddhism, Confucianism,
Hinduism & Taoism on Ecology &
Environment
Other/Religious Perspectives: Islam,
Christian, Judeo Christian & its Substitutes
World View on Ecology & Environment
Conclusion
2
3. Definition
• Oriental:
―in or from (relating to) the East‖
(kernermann bilingual dictionary)
• Religious:
derived from the word religion:
―a particular system of belief or worship, of a
God or gods.
(kernermann bilingual dictionary)
3
4. East (Orient) & West (Occident)
The East:
He who knows himself and other,
Will also recognize that East and
West cannot be separated. (Goethe)
The West:
Oh, East is East, West is West,
And never the twain shall meet.
Till Earth and Sky stand presently,
At God’s great Judgement Seat. (Kipling)
4
5. Orientalist
• orientalism
‗refer to the range of attitudes that have been shown in
the West towards the traditional religious and philosophical
ideas and systems of South and East Asia‘.
• The term first appeared in France in the 1830s, and has
been employed since then in a variety of different
• ways:
o to refer to Oriental scholarship,
o to characterize a certain genre of romantic fantasy literature,
o to describe a genre of painting, and
o most significantly in recent times—to mark out a certain kind of
ideological purview of the East which was a product of Western
imperialism.
o emphasizes the inextricable interconnectedness of things.
5
6. Buddhism
Images taken from: http://ashwath0608.wordpress.com
• Buddhism (Pali/Sanskrit: Bauddha
Dharma) is a religion and philosophy
encompassing a variety of traditions,
beliefs and practices, largely based
on teachings attributed to
Siddhartha Gautama, commonly
known as the Buddha ("the
awakened one").
• Implies the concept of anarchism ( belief that
society should have no government, laws, police,
or other authority, but should be a free
association of all its members)
• (Armstrong, Karen (2001). Buddha. Penguin Books. p. 187) 6
7. Buddhism &
Environment
• Explores the ecological and environmental
teachings of Buddha, particularly Dharma (nature)
and their relationships with Deep Ecology as well as
with effective public participation.
• Focuses on the Buddhist view of ―One‖ world that is
home to all known life.
• The Buddha told us in the sutras (Buddhist
scripture)and precepts that we should take loving
care of animals, and that we should not harm the
grass and trees, but regard them as the home
where sentient beings lead their lives.
7
8. Buddhism:
Law of Karma
•
Karma is the law that every cause has an effect,
i.e., our actions have results.
• This simple law explains a number of things:
inequality in the world, why some are born
handicapped and some gifted, why some live only
a short life.
• Karma underlines the importance of all individuals
being responsible for their past and present actions.
How can we test the karmic effect of our actions?
The answer is summed up by looking at (1) the
intention behind the action, (2) effects of the action
on oneself, and (3) the effects on others.
8
9. Buddhism:
Noble 8 Fold Path
• The noble eight fold path consists of right vision, right
thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood,
right efforts, right mindfulness and right
concentration.
• Buddhist teaching requires every person to consider
the manner in which the performance of his duties
as employee would impact on society and the
future, e.g:
Any employment which involves damage to the
environment such as working in the nuclear industry,
manufacturing toxic substances, and the exploitation
and depletion of marine resources would be included in
this prohibition.
9
10. Buddhism & Environment
• Rejection of Anthropocentrism
• Buddhism is completely averse to the notion that
nature and all created things exist for the benefit of
mankind. Mankind is part of the entire cosmic order
but not in a position of dominance.
• Humans are just as much subject to the natural
order of the universe as any other form of sentient
existence.
―Buddhism is ecocentric rather than anthropocentric
since it views humans as an integral part of nature.
10
11. Buddhism & Environment
• The interdependence of all things
o strongly emphasizes the interdependence of all entities and
events. There is no entity animate or inanimate and no event
however trivial which is not in some way interconnected with
every other.
• Coexistence rather than Conquest
o The aim that Buddhism instills in every individual mind is
emancipation from suffering.
o Conquest of the natural environment, of other species or of
other groups of the human family is hence the very reverse of
the ideals which Buddhism teaches.
o Co-existence is vital and this requires a recognition and respect
of those other species and groups and not an attempt at
dominance.
11
12. Buddhism & ethical view
• Buddhist ethics are grounded in the truth and
experience of the Law of Dependent Co-Arising.
• Sila, or guidelines for moral action, are central to
Buddhist practice in all traditions.
• The Three Pure Precepts are vows to refrain from actions
that ignore interdependence, to make an effort to act
out of understanding of interrelationship, and to serve all
beings in the interdepending web.
• The five (Theravada) prescriptive precepts to not kill, not
lie, not steal, not abuse sexuality or intoxicants spring
from a fundamental recognition of relationship. One
aims to act as respectfully and inclusively as possible
toward plant, animal, and human companions.
12
13. Confucianism
• Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical
system developed from the teachings of the
Chinese philosopher Confucius (Kǒng Fūzǐ, or K'ung-
fu-tzu, lit. "Master Kong", 551–478 BC).
• Confucianism originated as an "ethical-
sociopolitical teaching" during the Spring and
Autumn Period, but later developed metaphysical
and cosmological elements in the Han Dynasty.
(Craig, Edward (1998), Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 7, Taylor &
Francis)
13
14. Confucianism &
Environment
• Confucianism: a philosophy which also contains
profound environmental ethics through its
inclusiveness of Heaven, Earth and the Human
order. These form the traditional Chinese trinity
which configure the ultimate harmony.
• Confucian thinkers characteristically regard nature
as holistic, all things in nature depending on each
other and forming an organic whole.
• consider human beings as part of nature, an
existence within it, emphasizing that people and
nature are closely bound in a harmonious, not
conflictual, primary relationship.
14
15. Confucianism &
Environment
• Confucians maintain the oneness of humankind
and nature, the harmony and unity between
the two.
• The Doctrine of the Mean says: ―Attaining
equilibrium, heaven and earth will be in their
right places and all things will come into
being.‖(20)
o In handling relations between the human and natural worlds,
people need to observe the principle of ‗equilibrium‘, so that the
vitality and harmony of nature, the ecological balance of the
natural environment, can be maintained properly.
• Confucian tradition consistently describes the
goal of becoming humane(ren) as not only
involving respect for the values of other human
beings, but also involving respect for natural
phenomena such as animals.
15
16. Hinduism
• Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous
religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent.
Hinduism is known to its followers as Sanātana
Dharma (a Sanskrit phrase meaning "the eternal
law", "the eternal law that sustains/upholds/surely
preserves―), amongst many other expressions.
• Hinduism is formed of diverse traditions and has no
single founder. Among its direct roots is the historical
Vedic religion of Iron Age India and, as such,
Hinduism is often called the "oldest living religion― or
the "oldest living major religion" in the world.
16
17. Hinduism &
Environment
• Key concepts
• · On a fundamental philosophical level, Hindus believe in
Brahman, an all pervading divine force. All Hindu Gods and
Goddesses, and everything in the universe, is a manifestation of
Brahman. To be Hindu, therefore, means to see divinity in
everything.
• · Hindus believe in karma, the law of cause and effect, and
reincarnation in both human and animal form. To perform one‘s
dharma (duty) well means one will attain a more favorable rebirth
and thus come closer to attaining moksha(enlightenment).
• · The ultimate goal for a Hindu is to transcend the cycle of
reincarnation so his individual soul (atman) can attain moksha
(enlightenment) and become one with Brahman. Various paths to
Brahman include Vedic ritual, bhakti (devotion to God), and yoga
(meditation).
17
18. Hinduism &
Environment
• Practices principles relating to the inevitability of the
consequences of one's actions, the
interconnectedness of all things, the linkage
between past, present and future, the harmony
that is necessary between humanity and the
natural order and many other.
• Everything in the universe belongs to the Lord. Therefore take only
what you need, that is set aside for you. Do not take anything else,
for you know to whom it belongs. (Isa Upanishad)
18
19. Hinduism &
Environment
• 1. Ecological Awareness in Hinduism
• It is clear that the most ancient texts on Hinduism demonstrate
through the praise of the deities an ecological awareness and
great respect for the natural world.
“Do not cut trees, because they remove pollution.”
(Rig Veda, 6:48:17)
“Do not disturb the sky and do not pollute the
atmosphere.” (Yajur Veda,5:43)
Destruction of forests is taken as destruction of the state,
and reforestation an act of rebuilding the state and
advancing its welfare. Protection of animals is considered
a sacred duty.
(Charak Sanhita)
19
20. Hinduism &
Environment
• 2.The Presence of the Divinity in all Things
• An important feature of the Hindu worldview is that
the supreme deity resides in all things.
• In the Upanishads:
“after creating the Universe God entered into
every object created.”
Consequently his creations must be treated with
respect.
• This view of the relationship between God and
creation inspires Hindus to maintain a harmonious
relationship between human beings and nature.
20
21. Hinduism &
Environment
• 3. The interconnectedness of all things
• Hindu law and philosophy : set in a cosmic view of the
universe with eons of time spreading behind and before
us.
• Within that cosmic view there is also a view of the
interconnectedness of all things. The nexus between
things past, present and future is emphasized as is the
causal relationship between them.
• All of this flows from the concept that God pervades all
things. Since the divine presence is everywhere all things
have an integral connection with all others.
21
22. Hinduism &
Environment
• 4. The Need for Human Harmony with all forms of
Life
• rich in its instructions on harmonious coexistence
with all forms of life.
• This means a bond not only between humans and
animals, but also between humans and all forms of
vegetation.
• In the Bhagavad Gita, Sri Krishna compares the
world to a single banyan tree with unlimited
branches under which all the species of animals,
humans and demigods wander.
22
23. Hinduism &
Environment
• 4. The Sarva Bhuta Hita: The Notion of the Welfare of
All Beings
• The highest ethical standard that Hindus ought to
apply, according to their dharma, is the concept of
Sarva Bhuta Hita.
• The tradition requires that the common good takes
precedence over private advantage.
• Includes: protection of the environment, the support
of the poor and needy, the oppressed, the needs of
children and those who are yet to be born and the
welfare of other living beings.
23
24. Taoism
• Taoism (also spelled Daoism) refers to a
philosophical or religious tradition in which the basic
concept is to establish harmony with the Tao, which
is the mechanism of everything that exists.
• The word "Tao" (or "Dao", depending on the
romanization scheme) is usually translated as "way",
"path" or "principle", although the word literally
means "nature" as in the nature of all things as well
as the natural world.
24
25. Taoism & Environment
• Taoist propriety and ethics emphasize the Three
Jewels of the Tao: compassion, moderation, and
humility, while Taoist thought generally focuses
on nature, the relationship between humanity
and the cosmos; health and longevity; and wu
wei (action through inaction).
• Taoist principle of nature is wu-wei, “having no
activity” or non-action. Wu-wei is sometimes
interpreted as doing less to achieve an end, not
over-doing. This principle emphasizes the
importance of acting in accordance with
natural forces or “following nature.”
25
26. Taoism & Environment
• Tao is the means, method, and ―way‖ of unity and
Images taken from :http://laaldeadelaselva.com
harmony in the individual and the whole of reality,
the One.
• The action of tao is reversal or ―turning back.‖ This
principle states that each thing moves to its
extreme only to then revert back to its origin; ―To
go further and further means to revert again.‖
• Reversal is a cyclic process of transformation, ever
changing, yet always in balance => yin-yang
o a circle composed of two undulating halves of dark and light
flowing into each other even as each half contains a small dot
or seed of its opposite.
o The yin/yang figure, the Great Round, represents the
inseparable connection of opposites: one extreme cannot
exist without its complementary opposite— each one is
necessary to define the other.
26
27. Taoism & Environment
• Taoist discipline respect for life to protect
Images taken from :http://laaldeadelaselva.com
the environment according to Zhuangzi
Commandment (2nd foundational text of the
Daoist philosophical and religious tradition)
• First: cherish, respect for all animal life is
one of the Taoism thrust. Taoism also
opposed a fright, cruelty to animals.
o 172th commandment of Zhuang Zhi states: not terrified of
animals and birds,
• Second: cherish, respect for the plant life.
Taoism believes that plants, and like
people have a spiritual life, in a particular
environment.
27
28. Islam:
Perceptions and Concepts
Islam
• the monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur‘an, a text
considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God
(Arabic: Allah), and by the teachings and normative example
(called the Sunnah and composed of Hadith) of Muhammad,
considered by them to be the last prophet of God.
• Fitrah (‘disposition’, ‘nature’, ‘constitution’, or ‘instinct’)
• Tauhid (Oneness)
• Human’s place in nature (Vicegerent / Khalifah)
• Ibadah (ultimate submission)
• Salam (Peace)
• Maqasid al-shariah (5 foundational goals to be preserved: Religion, Life,
Lineage, Intellect & Property)
• The relationship between man, nature and God
28
29. Sources of Islamic Perspective
Regarding the Environment
• The Quran
• The Hadiths
• Ethical Codes
• The Syariah & Maqasid al-shariah
• Cultural expressions
o Proverbs
o Poetry
o Behaviour
29
30. Islam & Environment
• The Environment, as God’s Creation, Must Be
Respected
• Islam, as a way of life expects human beings to
conserve the environment for several reasons.
• Some of the reasons why?
o God is its creator.
o humans act as the agents of God on earth
o no other creature is able to perform this task. Humans are
the only beings that God has "entrusted" with the
responsibility of looking after the earth. This trusteeship is
seen by Islam to be so onerous and burdensome that no
other creature could 'accept' it.
30
31. Islam & Environment
• Cleanliness of the Environment
• There are several hadiths of the Prophet stating the
importance of protecting the environment and keeping
it clean and fruitful:
• Cleanliness is an important part of Islamic teaching
which goes to great lengths in specifying principles of
physical cleanliness.
• This principle of cleanliness applies internally to the mind,
physically to the body and externally to the
environment.
• In order to keep the environment free of pollution and
therefore pleasant the Prophet has said:
“Picking up a bone from the way is a Sadaqah
(Charity)”. He further said “Removing a harmful and
dangerous thing from the way is also Sadaqah.”
31
32. Islam & Environment
• Productive Use of the Environment
• “Whosoever plants a tree, he will be rewarded with
as much reward as is relevant to its yields” (Bukhari).
• The Concept of Vice-Regency
• The human being, in the Islamic perspective is
considered a vicegerent of the environment and
this vice regency carries heavy responsibilities to the
future.
• "Behold, your Lord said to the angels: "I will create a
vice-regents on earth." (Qur’an, 2:30)
32
33. Islam & Environment
• Living in Harmony with Nature
• The ultimate objective of life for a Muslim is salvation
which is achieved through peace and harmony.
• "Salam, the Arabic root of the word "Islam," means
"peace and harmony". Therefore, Islamic
theologians argue that an "Islamic way of life entails
living in peace and harmony" at individual and
social as well as ecological levels (Hadith).
33
34. Christianity
• an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the
life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded
in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New
Testament.
• However, states division between the spiritual and
the natural worlds,
34
35. Christianity &
Environment
Some have sought a way forward from within a
transformed Christian tradition based on the
inspiration of St Francis of Assisi, or on the idea of
stewardship.
Principle of Environmental Stewardship
• God Created the Earth and All of Nature in it
John 1:3. Through Him all things were made: without Him
nothing was made that has been made.
• God Teaches Humans through Nature
Isaiah 11:9. They will neither harm nor destroy on all my
holy mountain, for the earth will be full of the knowledge
of the Lord as the waters cover the sea.
Images taken from: all-bali.com 35
36. Christianity &
Environment
Principle of Environmental Stewardship
• God Expects Humans to be His Stewards with Nature
Revelation 11:18. The nations were angry and your wrath has
come. The time has come for rewarding your servants the
prophets and your saints and those who reverence your name,
both small and great - and for destroying those who destroy the
earth.
• Scripture clearly states that God created, blessed, protected
and made a covenant with the different species. As stewards
of His creation, Christian believers are called to do no less. It is
their scriptural and moral duty to protect species and their
habitat.
36
37. Judeo-Christian
• Judeo-Christian is a term used in the United States
since the 1940s to refer to standards of ethics said to
be held in common by Judaism and Christianity,
• Some have blamed Judeo-Christian thought for our
ecological problems.
o That man is to have rule and dominion over the earth justifies the notion
that what can be done should be done.
o Many have suggested that the problem is not technological, but
philosophical. The Judeo-Christian heritage of the West must be
abandoned.
Sources: Rob Bohl,
from http://www.northave.org/MGManual/Environ/Envir1.htm
37
38. Substitutes World View:
• The world views of naturalism and pantheism
have been offered as substitutes.
• Within the naturalistic world view, the ultimate
value is human survival.
o Man cannot survive without a healthy planet.
o We must act to preserve our planet in order to rescue the future of
our future generation.
• This view is ultimately pragmatic*.
o The value of nature is degraded to the whim of egoistic man.
o This view will ultimately be destructive in the long run.
• * a philosophical tradition centered on the linking of practice
and theory. It describes a process where theory is extracted
from practice, and applied back to practice to form what is
called intelligent practice. Father of pragmatism: Charles
Sanders Peirce, American Polymath
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39. Substitutes World View:
• In the pantheistic world view, all of nature is equal
because all is god and god is all. This thinking will be
prevalent among New Age enthusiasts.
• Nature is respected and valued because it is a part
of the essence of god.
• According to pantheistic, ―Human must act to save
their planet because it has equal value with man‖.
o But while pantheism elevates nature, it subsequently degrades man and
will ultimately degrade nature.
o Man has no more value than a blade of grass.
o In pantheism, it is the whole of nature that has meaning. The individual
particulars of nature do not have intrinsic meaning or value.
• Therefore, the will to care about a particular species, for example, is
derived only by romanticizing nature.
• In practice, pantheism has no answer for the two faces of nature:
benevolent and destructive.
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40. Summary
• As for Oriental, we talked about Hinduism,
Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, we can
conclude that:
o Human and nature are interrelated and cannot be
separated from one another.
o The concept of balance of yin-yang in Taoism and the Law
of Karma of Buddhism/Hinduism precisely teach us the
human being to behave accordingly and beware of such
misbehaving could lead to natural disaster.
o It has the same historical and philosophical value as all
other philosophical and religious doctrines: it offers
interesting metaphysical, value-theoretical and ethical
views, which we must reflect on seriously.
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41. Summary
• As from perspectives of other religion such as Islam and Christianity
(monotheistic religions), we can derivatively found that:
• They believe in the concept of One God which comprised on
their holy book: Quran and Bible
• Both religions taught its followers the concept of Vice-Regency
(vicegerent/khalifah) and Environmental Stewardship (for
Christianity).
Finally, one holistic conclusion that can be concluded from all
examples are: be it Oriental or other religions such as Islam teach us:
the concept of we, human as part of nature NOT apart from
nature, not totally in control of our nature (western views of nature
such as Marxist political thinking stresses the importance of rational
scientific control of nature and society)
The concept of interconnectedness of human and nature
Balancing act is supposedly important on which reminding us on
the concept of yin-yang
it is also important for us to have views on comparative
environmental thinking in enabling us to ‗see the world through an
alternative frame of mind‘ concerning nature and us as a human
being.
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42. •
References
Geaney, Jane. ―Chinese Cosmology and Recent Studies in Confucian Ethics: A Review Essay.‖ Journal of
Religious Ethics 28, no. 3 (2000): 451-470.
• TAOISM AND CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL LITERATURE Virginia M. Kane, B.A., B.S.
• Buddhist contribution to environmental protection – Judge Weeramantry From
http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/6210
• Islam, the environment and the human future - Judge Weeramantry from
http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/6426
• Islam: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam
• Ibadah: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibadah
• Confucian Ethics and the Environment by Li Tianchen* from The Culture Mandala, 6 no. 1. 2003. from
http://asrudiancenter.wordpress.com/2008/11/06/confucian-ethics-and-the-environment/
• Buddhism: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism, http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/5minbud.htm
• Acting with Compassion - Stephanie Kaza
ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT PRINCIPLES OF BUDDHISM – from
http://www.dhushara.com/book/renewal/voices2/budfem.htm
• Buddhism & Environmental Protection By Ven. Sheng-yen from
http://greentheme.blogspot.com/2007/08/buddhism-environmental-protection.html
• Christian: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian
• Taoist Commandments and Environmental Protection from http://chinawestproducts.com/08/04/taoist-commandments-
and-environmental-protection/
• Daoism from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhuangzi
• Judeo-Christian from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judeo-Christian
• Maqasid al-syariah: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maqasid
• A Christian View of the Environment by Ray Bohl from http://www.northave.org/MGManual/Environ/Envir1.htm
• Judge Weeramantry focuses on Hindu contribution to environment protection: from http://www.asiantribune.com/index.php?q=node/6083
• Taoism: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism
• The Environment and the Dao by David Wright from http://www.sacu.org/daoenv.html
• Confucian ethics and the environment Li Tianchen from http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cm/vol6/iss1/4/
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