This is my presentation in my Statistic Class, entitled "Organizing The Data". It contains 'Frequency distributions of nominal data and Comparing Distribution', proportion, percentile ranks, and so on.

1. Organizi
the Data
11420149
11420207
11420320
11420292
11420215
SasmitaJati
BobSeptian
Nidia
NoviDwiP
Fairus
M.Zuhri

2. Frequency distributions of nominal data and
Comparing Distribution

3. Frequency distributions of nominal data
The researchers-aided by ‘recipes’ called formulas
and statistical techniques - attempts to transform
raw data into a meaningful and organized set of
measures that can be used to test hypotheses.

4. Constructing a frequency distribution in
the form of a table is the first researcher’s
step to organize the jumble of raw
numbers that they collect from their
subject.

6. Comparing Distribution
Making comparisons between frequency distributions is a
procedure often used to clarify results and add
information.
The particular comparison a researcher makes is to
determined by the question he or she seeks to answer.

8. Proportions and Percentages
The proportion compares the number of cases in a given
category withthetotal size of the distribution.
P=
𝑓
𝑁
P: Proportion
f: the number of case
N: Total case in distribution

9. Percentage
To calculate percentage,we simplymultiplyany given
proportion by 100.
% = 100
𝑓
𝑁

11. Find the percentile rank for a score of 92 in
the following score distribution !
Class
Interval
f % cf c%
90-99 6 12.24 49 100
80-89 8 16.33 43 87.76
70-79 12 24.49 35 71.43
60-69 10 20.41 23 46.94
50-59 7 14.29 13 26.53
40-49 6 12.24 6 12.24
N 49 100

12. Class
Interval
f % cf c%
90-99 6 12.24 49 100
80-89 8 16.33 43 87.76
70-79 12 24.49 35 71.43
60-69 10 20.41 23 46.94
50-59 7 14.29 13 26.53
40-49 6 12.24 6 12.24
N 49 100
Finding Critical
Interval
Critical interval is
the interval in
which the data
you want to find
its percentile
ranks is exist.
92
90-91-92-93-94-95-96-97-
98-99

13. Class
Interval
f % cf c%
90-99 6 12.24 49 100
80-89 8 16.33 43 87.76
70-79 12 24.49 35 71.43
60-69 10 20.41 23 46.94
50-59 7 14.29 13 26.53
40-49 6 12.24 6 12.24
N 49 100
Finding The lower limit of
Critical
Interval
• “…class limits
are located at
the point
halfway
between
adjacent class
intervals..”
89.590 –
0.5 =

14. Class
Interval
f % cf c%
90-99 6 12.24 49 100
80-89 8 16.33 43 87.76
70-79 12 24.49 35 71.43
60-69 10 20.41 23 46.94
50-59 7 14.29 13 26.53
40-49 6 12.24 6 12.24
N 49 100
Finding The Size of Critical
Interval
1090-91-92-93-94-95-
96-97-99

15. Class
Interval
f % cf c%
90-99 6 12.24 49 100
80-89 8 16.33 43 87.76
70-79 12 24.49 35 71.43
60-69 10 20.41 23 46.94
50-59 7 14.29 13 26.53
40-49 6 12.24 6 12.24
N 49 100
Finding The percentage
within critical interval
% =
100
𝑓

16. Class
Interval
f % cf c%
90-99 6 12.24 49 100
80-89 8 16.33 43 87.76
70-79 12 24.49 35 71.43
60-69 10 20.41 23 46.94
50-59 7 14.29 13 26.53
40-49 6 12.24 6 12.24
N 49 100
The cumulative percentage
below critical interval
% =
100
𝑐𝑓

17. 89.
5
12.26
%
The lower limit of Critical
Interval
The Size of Critical
Interval 10
The percentage within
critical interval
87.76
%

18. PR = percentile rank
c%b = cumulative percentage below the lower limit of the critical
interval
X= raw score under consideration
L= lower limit of the criticalinterval
I= class interval size
%= percentage within critical interval
PR = c%b +
𝑋−𝐿
𝑖
%

19. PR = percentile rank
c%b = cumulative percentage below the lower limit of the critical
interval
X= raw score under consideration
L= lower limit of the criticalinterval
I= class interval size
%= percentage within critical interval
87.76
%
+
(
92 –
89.5
)10
12.26

21. Percentile
Rank
91 - 100
81 - 90
71 - 80
61 - 70
51 - 60
41 - 50
31 - 40
21 - 30
11 - 20
1 – 10
Decil
e
Quartile
76 – 100
51 – 75
26 – 50
1 - 25
10th
9th
8th
7th
6th
5th
4th
3rd
2nd
1st
4th
3rd
2nd
1st
Percentile
Rank