The document discusses organizing and writing essays. It defines an essay as an organized piece of writing with 5 or more paragraphs focused on a single topic. The topic is introduced in the introductory paragraph and supported with details in body paragraphs before concluding. Prewriting techniques like listing, freewriting and outlining help generate and structure ideas. An outline plans the essay's organization with a thesis statement and topic sentences. The introduction provides context and states the thesis. Body paragraphs each have a topic sentence and supporting details. The conclusion restates the thesis and considers avenues not discussed. Revision refines arguments, descriptions and details to create a cohesive whole.

1. Organizing and Writing Essays
By: Ramin Basiratzadeh
Ramin@parandistravel.com

2. What is an essay?
(Definition and Structure)

It is an organized piece of writing including five
or more paragraphs

It is about one specific topic that has some
main points

These points are introduced in an introductory
paragraph.

They are supported in body paragraphs.

The essay ends with the conclusion part.

3. Pre Writing
Prewriting provides
structure and
meaning to the topic.
It organizes the ideas
and prevents the
writer from becoming
frustrated.
Prewriting exercises
can help to focus on
ideas, determine a

4. Prewriting techniques
•
Listing
•
Freewriting
•
Looping
•
Boomerang
•
Clustering
•
Cubing
•
Interviewing
•
The cross examination
•
Sketching
•
Dramatizing the subject

5. Outline
An outline is a plan that helps organizing and
structuring ideas in a way that effectively
conveys them to the reader and supports
thesis statement.
Essay outline


Introduction
Body
thesis statement ----------
1) Topic sentence--------a. Supporting idea-------b. supporting idea--------
outline can be very informal and it is simply
jotting down thesis statement, what the
introduction will discuss, what writer says in
the body of the paper, and what includes in
the conclusion.
c. Supporting idea-------2) Topic sentence--------a. Supporting idea--------b. supporting idea--------c. Supporting idea---------
formal outlines have numbered and lettered
headings and subheadings. This will help the
writer to show the relationships between the
ideas, facts, and information.
3) Topic sentence--------a. Supporting idea---------b. supporting idea----------
c. Supporting idea----------

conclusion

6. T he Introduction (opening)
context of the
essay
the response to
the question or
the overall focus
of the essay
Structure
&
organization of
the essay
Thesis statement conveys the
idea of the entire essay and is
usually (not always) the last
sentence of the first
paragraph of the essay.
A thesis statement shows
essay’s limited subject and
your point of view, or
attitude, about the subject.

7. The Body
The Body
Each paragraph contains:
A topic sentence that
expands your theme and
makes a transition from the
previous paragraph
Development of ideas that
support your essay's theme
An ending sentence that
wraps up the paragraph and
helps to transition into the
next paragraph
topic sentence is the most general sentence in the
paragraph. It appears at or near the start of the
paragraph and states the paragraph’s main point

8. The conclusion
The conclusion brings the essay to
a close with a definitive statement
about the thesis.

Has all available research been
offered?

Are there avenues of discussion not
presented here?

Is the thesis correct, incorrect, or
inconclusive?

Are there other acceptable
possibilities?

Are there other resources for similar
information?

9. Revision

Revision gives new life to your writing. The first stage
involves going through the draft and reorganizing main
ideas and supporting ideas so that they are grouped in a
way that is understandable to your reader. Your
organization will usually first put forward stronger points (in
an argument), earlier information (for a narrative), or
background (in many cases). However you organize, your
readers need to understand what you are trying to
communicate.

After that, refine your arguments and evidence, your
descriptions, and all of the details, so that they give a
sense of the writing being of one piece, or a whole. Let one
description arise from another, or one piece of evidence
support the next. Put all of the pieces in that are needed,
and remove those that are not.