Composting is a natural aerobic process that transforms organic waste into nutrient-rich compost, benefiting soil health and reducing waste. Home composting saves money on garden products and trash removal while providing a valuable soil conditioner. The document outlines the composting process, materials to avoid, and the use of composting bins or machines for efficient waste decomposition.

1. Solid Waste COMPOSTING PLANT
What is Composting?
Composting is a natural process that
turns organic material into a dark-
rich substance. Compost is the
biological reduction of organic
waste to humus that forms a
beneficial growing environment for
plant roots. Composting is an
aerobic, biological decomposition
process where a variety of
organisms convert raw organic
material into compost Home
Compost is a soil conditioner used
to improve soil structure.

2. ADVANTAGES
Healthier Plants:
Organic matter is known as the soul of healthy soil. Adding compost to the yard
and garden will help to grow bigger and better. The organic matter in compost
help soil holds on to nutrients and water, benefiting plant while reducing the
risk of pollution.
Money saving:
Using compost as a soil conditioner reduces the need to purchase these lawn
and garden products. Composting in the backyard reduces trash removal costs.
Many sanitation companies charge customers by the bag. Compost bins could
decrease the number of bags that household generates.
Composting is practical and convenient.
Composting is a good alternative to land filling incinerating convenient.

3. WHAT SHOULD COMPOST?
Anything that was once alive can be composted, certain items are best to left
out of the home composting system.
When selecting material for compost pile, avoid:
Waste that attracts pests.
Diseased / insect-ridden plants, and fatty food items, such as; meat or cheese,
should be avoided since they can attract rodents, dogs cats, flies, and other
pests. Cat and dog wastes should not be added because they can spread certain
diseases. Leave out plants that are heavily diseased or pest infected.
Yard garden waste account for almost 20%of the total amount of trash thrown
away each year Compost reduces the need to burn or bury organic material and
increases the quality of our precious topsoil.

4. How much space will it take ?
Compost pile should be Large enough to hold heat, but small enough to allow proper
aeration.
The pile should be 3° long 3 tall ( 1 cubic yard)
‘The pile Leger than 5 wide or 5tall are not recommended because they are default to
aerate.
Allow for enough space to work around the pile or bin in full sun and get excellent
result. An area for storing organic materials such as; leaves may also be desired.
A level partially shaded spots ideal. However we may build pile or bin in full sun and
get excellent results.
Easy access to water supply is also desirable.

5. Is a bin necessary?
Composting bins may save space and look neater, but good quality compost
can be produced using either bins or open piles Many plastic metals, and
wooden bins are commercially available, and may other types can be made at
home.
The following points should keep in mind to use a bin or
enclosure:
• Is the bin site adequate?
• Does the bin allow for adequate aeration?
• Is the bin easy to load and unload?
• Does the bin allow for easy mixing of items?

6. How much time and energy will it take?
What types and qualities of organic material will be able to compost?
The method selected will be influenced by how much organic material is
available for composting, the need for finished compost, and the time
available for the project.
The method of composting are outlined below: Standard, Slow and Fast.
Each method secures ‘varying amounts of time and materials.

7. Standard method:
The standard method is recommended if a variety of organic materials such
as leaves, grass, kitchen scrap, and yard/garden waste.
A small area will be needed for the compost pile and the temporary storage
of organic materials. This method produces compost in six to eight weeks in
spring and summer : if done in fall and winter.
In the standard method, the pile can be made by combining stored
materials, or by placing terms in the pile as they become available. When
gathering and storing organic materials hoop browns and green separate
piles.
it is best to Incorporate greens a5 s00n as possible into the Compost pile 25
mast greens can cause foul odours or attract pests.

8. 1. Start the compost pile with a layer of browns. if organic materials are coarse in) nature then chap
or shred them into smaller pieces, smellier pieces decay taster.
2. Add a layer of green materials. Try to maintain rates of 1 part greens to 3 parts browns.
3. Add a finished compost. This will add extra bacteria and fungi to get your pile off to a fast start.
4. Mix the materials together with a pitchfork.
5. Check for proper moisture. Add water or additional dry material when necessary.
6. Continue to build the layer until the bin is full.
7. Mix the pile after one week Check for proper moisture and aerate the pile. More course or least
decayed materials from the outside to the centre Adjust the moisture by sprinkling with water or
adding dry material. Steam may be seen at the time of missing the pile.
8. Continue mixing the pile every week or two. Check for proper moisture. During this time the
compost will begin to look uniform and dark brown in colour. The pile wit shrinks as the
composting process takes place. if the pile does not heat up after turning. is neither too wet nor
too dry and most of the original materials are no longer recognizable. It's now ready for curing.
9. Allow the pile to cure for at least a few weeks, and it looks mostly dark and crumbly and has
pleasant earthy orders it & is now ready to use 2 solid amendments.
Follow the steps:

9. How to Compost your organic waste
Home composting is an easy way to turn much of the waste from your yard and kitchen into
a rich material that you can use to improve your soil.

10. Design Of Organic waste composter

11. Organic waste composting machine process
The designed machine is a fully automatic and highly compact composting machine, which uses
special microorganisms to break down and decompose all kinds of organic waste into compost
within 24 hrs. with a volume reduction of 85-90%. The entire process is natural and biological.
The microorganisms we use thrive in high temperature and are effective even in high acidic or
salty conditions. The machine has a U-shaped composting tank, with a humidity sensor, heater,
mixing blades and an exhaust system. When organic waste is added to it, moisture is sensed by
the humidity sensor, heater, mixing blades and an exhaust system.
When the organic waste is added to it moisture is sensed by humidity sensor, due to which the
heater turns on and the composting tank gets heated due to this the water contain in the
organic waste is evaporated and it goes out to the atmosphere as water vapour through the
exhaust system. As any organic waste contains 70-80% water content, we achieve 70-80%
volume reduction at this stage itself. At the same time, our special microorganisms then
decompose the organic waste into compost, and this happens within 24 hours. That is how we
achieve 85-90% volume reduction. The process is noiseless as there is no crushing or grinding
involved. The blades are just for evenly mixing the waste Sector.

12. Why compost?
Home composting is a way for you to speed up the natural
process of decomposition and return of organic materials to the soil. Yard
trimmings and food scraps make up nearly 1/6 of what the average
household throws into the garbage.
By composting, you can convert organic trimmings, leaves, and many kinds
of kitchen scraps — into a dark, a crumbly mixture that can be used to
improve the soil and reduce your use of fertilizer and water.

13. DCC
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