The document discusses various topics in optoelectronics including emitters, wavelength and frequency response of the human eye, LEDs, photomultiplier tubes, and photovoltaic devices. It provides details on how LEDs, photomultiplier tubes, and photovoltaic devices work including their component parts and functions. Examples of applications of optoelectronic devices discussed include burglar alarm systems, CRTs, fiber optic cables, and seven segment displays.

1. 1
Farooq Khan
Optoelectronic
& his
Team
Presented BY
CEO of office
JOB

2. 1. Optoelectronics
2. Wavelength and Frequency & Response of Human Eyes
3. LED
4. Photomultiplier Tube
5. Photovoltaic Devices
Topics
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3. OPTOELECTRONICS
☼ product of technology that combine optics with electronic
☼ light interaction with electronics devices

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Emitters
Photomessive
OR
photo conductive
➢ emit light ( visible or non-
visible)
➢ convert electricity into light
➢ produced electricity with (
solid non solid device
➢ Convert light into electricity
Two Main categories of Optoelectronics

5. ➢ distance between two peaks
➢ number of waves per second
➢ c = f 𝜆
➢ Where 𝑐 = 3 𝑥 108 m/s & f in Hz ( hertz)
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6. ➢ Human Eye is like a fiber having response similar to that of turned circuit
➢ its response in visible part of spectrum form 400 to 700 nm
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7. ➢ Semiconductor diode that emits incoherent narrow spectrum light
when electricity is passed.
➢ Forward biased P-N junction
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8. P N
➢ Forward biased P-N junction and which emits visible light.
➢ charge carrier recombine and takes place when electron form N- side
cross the junction and recombine with the holes on P- side.
➢ Electrons are in higher conduction band in N-side
➢ Some of the energy difference in form of photons ( energy packets)
or heat is formed.
➢ LED emits no light when in reversed biased.
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9. ➢ P type layer is kept uppermost
➢ N types is grown on substrate
➢ The metal anode connection are at the outer edge of the P-edge
➢ In order to avoid reabsorption process, LED are made of domed lenses
➢ A metal film is applied for reflecting light as much as possible and also
protect cathode and wires
➢ Charge Carrier Recombine and LED work as light emitting Diodes
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10. ➢ burglar Alarm System
➢ CRT (Cathode Rays Tube)
➢ Silica fiber optical cables
➢ Seven segment Array of Color in LEDs
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11. ➢ Extremely sensitive detector of light in the ultraviolet, visible
and near infrared
➢ Multiplies the signal produced by incident light by as much as
108
➢ High gain, low noise, high frequency response, and large area
of collection
➢ A tiny and normally undetectable current becomes a much
larger and easily measurable current
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12. ➢ Made of a glass vacuum tube
➢ Several dynodes
➢ Photocathode
➢ One anode
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13. ➢ Electron is released by the photocathode
➢ Electron is then multiplied by the channel dynodes
➢ At the end of the chain is the collection electrode Anode
➢ The current flowing from the anode to ground is directly
proportional to the photoelectron flux generated
by the photocathode
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14. ➢ Made of silicon OR selenium
➢ P-n junction , without any bias
➢ Revese Baise Photovoltic device
➢ They are bulk type and single layer of photosensitive
materials
➢ The device utilizing it is photodiodes
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